scholarly journals Factors of Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure on School Children in An Agricultural Area, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-438
Author(s):  
Budiyono Budiyono ◽  
Suhartono Suhartono ◽  
Apoina Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Organophosphate is widely used in agriculture in Indonesia and contributes to a public health problem. However, the risk factors of organophosphate exposure, particularly in children living in the agricultural area, have not been described. The research aimed to assess the risk factors associated with organophosphate pesticide exposure on school children living in the agricultural area. This work was a cross-sectional study in 2017 with 166 school children were selected by simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires identified risk factors. Organophosphate metabolites detected by using LC-MS/MS. While chi-square and binary logistic tests as statistical analysis (α=0.05; 95%CI). In 28.9% of subjects, organophosphate metabolites were detected. Cut the onion leaves (p=0.002, OR=3.33, 95% CI:1.55−7.15), the onion, pesticide equipment, or pesticide in their neighbors (p=0.007; OR=2.67; 95%CI:1.31−5.46) was associated with organophosphate pesticide exposure. Involvement in agriculture activities and the onion, pesticide equipment, or pesticide in the neighbor.

Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽  
Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽  
Diriba Dereje Olana ◽  
Behailu Terefe Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Stroke Unit ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

scholarly journals A Study of Prevalence of Taenia Infestation and Associated Risk Factors Among the School Children of Dharan

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Bilakshan Sah ◽  
PK Pokharel ◽  
IS Paudel ◽  
A Acharya ◽  
N Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Private School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Taenia Species

Background Taenia prevalence has remained high among certain ethnic groups and occupational diseases in Nepal. Taenia saginata and Taenia solium species are worldwide in distribution. Infection is found most often in rural areas of developing countries with poor hygiene and living in close contact with pigs and eating undercooked pork meats. This allows the tapeworm infection to be completed and its cycle to continue. Objectives  To measure the prevalence of taenia infestation and to identify risk factors associated with taenia infestation among the school children of Dharan. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 935 Government and private school going children of Grade VI, VII, and VIII of Dharan during 2007 to 2008. Stratified random sampling method was applied to choose the schools and the study subjects. The prevalence was calculated, Chi-square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and taenia infestation. Results Taenia species was found to be high (5.5%) among the school children of Dharan. Infection rate of taenia among the male children (6.0%) was slightly higher than female (4.8%). There were no cases of taenia infestation found among children washing hands with soap. Regarding meat consumption in the non-vegetarian group, taenia infestation was found higher (6.5%) among pork eating than non-pork eating (4.7%). No significant relationship was traced among the factors in the causation of taenia infestation although slight indications present. Conclusion Taenia species was found very high among the school children of Dharan. No such association was found with the risk factors. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 14-17 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8011

scholarly journals Prevalence of Infections Bronchities Virus at Four Selected Districts (Damot Gale, Sodozuri, Humbo and Kindokoy) In Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abebe Garooma Gichile ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

Infectious bronchitis is an important virial disease affecting poultry production which causes significant economic losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2019 to January 2020. To estimating the prevalence of infectious bronchitis and determines the risk factors. A total 420 poultry were by a simple random sampling procedure. Data was analyzed using STATA version 11. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between prevalence of infectious bronchitis and potential risk factors. From the total 420 poultry examined for infectious bronchitis were found positive. There was significance difference between the risk factors and bronchitis infections. More infectious bronchitis infected poultry were found in kindokoy 90.4%, odd ratio: 0.3 Confidence Interval :0.1-0.7, p = 0.00 than humbo, sodozuri and damotgale. There was high prevalence of infectious bronchitis in gerater than 6 months than less than 3 months and between 3 and 6-month age of poultry. The presence of infectious bronchitis in poultry production might entail morbidity and mortality. Therefore, further detailed molecular epidemiological studies are warranted. Good hygienic and husbandry practices are essential to limit the spread of infection

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of digital eye strain among school children during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Simon ◽  
Shalet Paul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Digital Device ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Device Use

Background: Digital eye strain (DES) is an emerging public health problem due to continuous exposure to electronic gadgets and digital devices for educational, occupational or entertainment purposes, especially during this COVID-19 pandemic. Children are more vulnerable to DES, as they continue to attend online classes but are unaware of early symptoms of DES and do not complain till their vision deteriorates. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of DES among school children during this pandemic.Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 176 school children aged 12-16 years, studying in 8th, 9th and 10th standards of a randomly selected school in Kollam district of Kerala, using the validated computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVSQ), sent online via Google form to parents/guardians for recording their children’s pattern of digital device usage and DES symptoms.Results: The prevalence of DES among school children was 29.5%. Their commonest symptom was headache (n=125, 69.9%). The smartphone was the most commonly used digital device (n=159, 93.5%). The independent risk factors of DES were the preferred use of smart phone (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.846; 95% CI=1.371-5.906; p=0.005) and viewing distance of digital device <18 inches (AOR=2.762; 95% CI=1.331-5.731; p=0.006).Conclusions: This study has highlighted some of the risk factors associated with DES. A concerted effort is needed to raise awareness about DES by experts in the health and education sectors, along with parents and teachers, so that digital device use among children can be optimised.

scholarly journals A Study of Prevalence of Worm Infestation and Associated Risk Factors among the School Children of Dharan, Eastern Region of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
R. B. Sah ◽  
P. K. Pokharel ◽  
I. S. Paudel ◽  
A. Acharya ◽  
N. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worm Infestation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Very High

<strong>Background:</strong>Worm infestation has remained major zoonotic diseases in Nepal especially among children.<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To measure the prevalence of worm infestation and to identify risk factors associated with worm infestation among the school children of Dharan.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study was conducted among school children of Dharan. Stratified random sampling method was applied to choose the schools and the study subjects. The Chi-square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and worm infestation.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children was 11.3 percent. Taenia species was found very high (5.3%) in comparison to other worms i.e. Hookworm (2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.9%), Trichuris trichiura (1%), Hymenolepsis nana (0.7%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). No significant relationship was traced among the factors in the causation of worm infestation although slight indications present.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children has remained high.</p>

scholarly journals Epidemiology and economic loss of coenurosis in small Ruminants slaughtered at mojo halal export abattoir, Oromia reginal state, East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Diba Sagni ◽  
Garoma Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Coenurosis is an important parasitic disease affecting small ruminant’s production which causes significant economic losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November, 2019 to May, 2020. To estimating the prevalence of coenurosis in small ruminants and determines the risk factors, to assess the community knowledge on the epidemiology of coenurosis and estimate the financial loss due to brain condemnation. A total 674 small ruminants were by a simple random sampling procedure. Data was analyzed using STATA version 11. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between prevalence of coenurosis and potential risk factors. From the total 512 goat and 162 sheep examined for coenurosis 6.02% and 8.6% were found positive respectively. There was significance difference between the risk factors and coenurosis infection. More coenurosis infected small ruminants were found in highland 9.7% (Odd ratio= 2.31, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.14, 4.64; P=0.017) than midland and lowland. There was high prevalence of coenurois in adult than young age of small ruminants. From 45 positive cysts were examined to identify fertility and viability by using cyst viability and fertility procedure, 17.8% calcified, 68.9% sterile and 13.3 % fertile. The diameter of positive cysts showed 46.7%, 42.3%, 11% small, medium and large respectively. From 100 respondents’ 86% of respondents has agreed on the sign of coenurosis, 14% has not agreed. The annual financial losses due to brain condemnation were estimated at 124,821 dollar.

scholarly journals PREVALENSI DAN FAKTOR RISIKO INFEKSI Toxocara cati PADA KUCING PELIHARAAN DI KOTA BOGOR (Prevalence and Risk Factors of Toxocara cati Infection in Bogor Pet Cats)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Murniati Murniati ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Yusuf Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pet Owner

The aims of this research were to estimate the prevalence and to determine the risk factors related to Toxocara cati (T. cati) infection in pet cats in Bogor. This study was cross sectional study using two types of data; laboratory examination results of feces samples and interview results of the cat owner using a structured questionnaires including characteristics of pet owner and pet care management. The data obtained from this study was analyzed using chi-square test. The results showed that 85 of 243 cats were positively infected by T. cati with 35% prevalence. The significant risk factor associated with the T. cati infection were: sex, sand provided, deworming and type of feed. Pet care management in Kota Bogor were well managed, however the prevalence of T. cati infection was still high. Therefore it can be a potential public health problem especially on cat owners.

Prevalence and severity of tooth wear in 12 to 15 year old school children in the Gurgaon district, Haryana, India: a cross-sectional study

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Solanki ◽  
Ishita Gupta ◽  
Sumanth Prasad ◽  
Chinmaya B. R. R.
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Tooth wear is an ever increasing problem. However, literature on tooth wear prevalence is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and severity of tooth wear among 12 to 15 year old children of private schools of Farukhnagar block (Gurgaon) Haryana. Material and Methods: 973 school children in the age group of 12 to 15 year from the Gurgaon district were included in the study. All permanent teeth were examined by two trained calibrated examiners using CPITN probes in four surfaces, namely cervical (C), buccal (B), occlusal (O) or incisal (I) and palatal (P) or lingual (L) surface using Tooth Wear Index (TWI) . SPSS 19 was used for descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: A total of 26,230 teeth were examined. Overall prevalence of tooth wear was 29.7%. Most frequently af¬fected teeth were the Incisors (15.4%), followed by the Molars (7.4%). Incisal/occlusal surface was the most commonly affected surface. All the tooth wear lesions observed were mostly confined to the enamel (76.4%). Boys had statistically significant higher tooth wear prevalence (16.2%) compared to girls (13.5%). Dental fluorosis determined higher tooth wear prevalence (61.5%). Conclusion: There is high prevalence of tooth wear among school children, and boys have more tooth wear compared to girls. Dental fluorosis is associated with high risk for tooth wear. Thus tooth wear poses a significant public health problem, and steps should be taken for early diagnosis, prevention and management.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of predictors of hypertension among tribal women in Western Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4365
Author(s):  
Shalini Rawat ◽  
Ashwini Yadav ◽  
Kamaxi Bhate
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem and also major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and severity of hypertension increases with age, and it becomes difficult to control blood pressure with increasing age particularly in women. Thus present study aims to explores the risk factors contributing for hypertension among women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of Community Medicine Department for one month duration September to October 2017. All the women reporting to general OPD for routine visit to RHTC were included. Informed consent was obtained. The participants who were already known hypertensives and were already on medication were excluded. Total 200 subjects were included in the study. Percentages, chi-square test and P-value were calculated using Epi Info software.Results: Out of total 200 women maximum were in the age group of 40-60 years (64%) followed by (22.5%)in  60-70 years. 40% of women were found to be  normotensive, 16%  were in stage one 12% were in stage two and 32% were showing elevated blood pressure. Hypertension was found to be significantly associated with modifiable risk factors like BMI, physical activity, waist circumference. 66.66% of women who were obese were found to be hypertensive. 91.91% of women who had family history of hypertension were themselves hypertensive and 97 (48.5%) women who had diabetes out of them 82.47% were both diabetic as well as hypertensive.Conclusions: Screening, detection and treatment of NCDs, are key components of the response to non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalence of tooth wear and its associated risk factors among industrial workers in Daman, India: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Ahuja ◽  
Nirmal Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Tooth wear is an ever increasing problem. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of tooth wear and its associated risk factors among industrial workers in Daman, India. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 613 industrial workers selected using simple random sampling. The clinical assessment of tooth wear was done using tooth wear index (TWI) developed by Smith & Knight. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to seek information on risk factors of tooth wear. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test, ANOVA and a multiple logistic regression model. Results: The overall prevalence of tooth wear was found to be greater in mandible (86.8%) as compared to maxilla (61.7%). In both maxilla and mandible, the most frequently affected teeth were incisors (55.8% and 83.7%) followed by canines (52.2% and 81.2%), pre molars (38.5% and 42.1%) and molars (37.8% and 38.8%). Among the risk factors, consumption of hard or acidic foods (p=0.01, OR=1.73) and use of hard toothbrush bristles (p=0.04, OR=0.04) in maxilla and clenching or grinding of teeth (p=0.01, OR=3.96) in mandible were significantly associated with tooth wear. However, work environment involving dust or acid gas was the only risk factor associated with tooth wear in both maxilla (p=0.004, OR=0.53) and mandible (p<0.001, OR=0.35). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of tooth wear among industrial workers. Thus, efforts should be made by dentists to increase awareness about tooth wear and plan a three-level prevention program based on analysis of risk assessment.  

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