ASPECTS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS. I

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Mølsted-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
K Value ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

ABSTRACT Glucose tolerance, in terms of the K value (disappearance rate of glucose) during intravenous glucose tolerance tests, was determined in 50 infants of diabetic and 60 infants of non-diabetic mothers 1–6 hours after birth. Newborn infants of insulin-treated diabetic women had a mean K value of 2.18, infants of non-insulin-treated diabetics 1.20, and infants of non-diabetic mothers 0.99. The mean K value in infants of insulin-treated diabetic mothers was significantly higher than in the other two groups. In infants of non-insulin-treated diabetic mothers the mean K value tends to be higher than in the normal group, but the difference was not significant. In infants of insulin-treated diabetic mothers there was a negative correlation between the K value and fasting plasma level of glucose 3 hours after birth. Linear regression analysis of the birth weight against the K value showed a positive correlation between these quantities in the infants of normal and of non-insulin-treated diabetic mothers. In the infants of insulin-treated diabetic mothers the significant positive correlation between K value and birth weight was less marked. The positive correlation between K value and birth weight might indicate that a growth impulse acts through the foetal glucose-insulin system. This growth impulse, present in all infants, might be caused by the maternal blood sugar level during pregnancy.

ASPECTS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS. II

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Mølsted-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
K Value ◽  
Infants Of Diabetic Mothers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

ABSTRACT In 23 infants of diabetic and 23 infants of non-diabetic mothers the disappearance rate of glucose (K value) was determined 1–6 hours after birth as well as on the 5th day of life. In the normal group the K value increased from birth up to the 5th day of life, while on the other hand infants of diabetic mothers showed a marked decrease in K values over the same period. Furthermore, a negative correlation between neonatal changes in K value and birth weight was found in the diabetic as well as in the non-diabetic group. As a consequence of these alterations, the mean K value on the 5th day of life was no longer significantly different in infants of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers.

A study of the relationship between glucose tolerance of sows and the mean birth weight of their offspring

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Anderson ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
R. M. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYIntravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed on thirty-four sows when they were either non-pregnant or in very early pregnancy. It was found that there was a relation between each sow's glucose tolerance and the mean of the mean birth weight of all her litters. The relation was expressed by the equation Y = 0.013T + 0.81 (R.S.D. ± 0–124 kg) where Y = birth weight and T = glucose tolerance as minutes for blood glucose to return to fasting concentration. The correlation coefficient was +0.58. The addition of further variables to the equation (sow's live weight at test, sow's parity at test and the number of pigs per litter) did not give any useful improvement of the estimate of birth weight.

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF HEALTHY MOTHERS: ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE MOTHERS' INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Edström ◽  
Erol Cerasi ◽  
Rolf Luft ◽  
Bengt Persson ◽  
Berlil Thalme
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
K Value ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Insulin Response

ABSTRACT It has earlier been postulated that a low insulin response to a glucose infusion is characteristic for the prediabetic individual (Cerasi & Luft 1967c). There is also evidence that some infants of individuals with low insulin response might have a carbohydrate metabolism that is in some respects similar to that of newborn infants to diabetic mothers (Edström et al. 1974). In the present study 15 infants to low insulin responders (ILR) and 22 infants to high insulin responders (IHR) were subjected to an intravenous glucose load (IVGTT) at 2–24 h age. A significant difference in glucose tolerance was found between the groups, the mean k-value for the ILR being 1.39 ± 0.41 and that for the IHR 1.05 ± 0.09 (P < 0.05). No mothers were found to have a gestational diabetes (with the possible exception of one low insulin responders) but during late pregnancy the mean k-value at IVGTT in the low responders decreased from nonpregnant values (the mean difference being 0.41 ± 0.20, P < 0.025) while the high responders did not show a corresponding decrease (mean difference 0.12 ± 0.25, P > 0.05). No other differences between the groups of infants that could influence the k-value could be found apart from the mothers being low or high insulin responders. Our findings show that a low insulin response in the mothers might affect the glucose tolerance of the foetus even in the absence of continuous maternal hyperglycaemia in late pregnancy.

Whole body insulin resistance in rat offspring of mothers consuming alcohol during pregnancy or lactation: comparing prenatal and postnatal exposure

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
B. L. Grégoire Nyomba
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Rat Offspring

This study examined the effects of maternal ethanol (EtOH) consumption during pregnancy or lactation on glucose homeostasis in the adult rat offspring. Glucose disposal was determined by minimal model during an intravenous glucose tolerance test in rats that had a small or normal birth weight after EtOH exposure in utero and in rats whose mothers were given EtOH during lactation only. All three EtOH groups had decreased glucose tolerance index and insulin sensitivity index, but their glucose effectiveness was not different from that of controls. In addition, EtOH rat offspring that were small at birth had elevated plasma, liver, and muscle triglyceride levels. The data show that EtOH exposure during pregnancy programs the body to insulin resistance later in life, regardless of birth weight, but that this effect also results in dyslipidemia in growth-restricted rats. In addition, insulin resistance is also evident after EtOH exposure during lactation.

PLASMA FREE FATTY ACID AND BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN NEWBORN INFANTS AND THEIR MOTHERS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
Doman K. Keele ◽  
Jacob L. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Simultaneous plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and blood sugar levels were determined for fasting newborn infants during the first 24 hours of life, for their cord bloods, and for their mothers at delivery. The following observations were made. In control infants the mean FFA level rose about three times the cord level after birth and was accompanied by a 25% drop in the mean blood sugar level. Thereafter, the mean blood sugar level remained relatively constant, but the mean FFA level varied from 2½ to 3 times the cord level. There was no significant correlation between the length of maternal fasting prior to delivery and the infant FFA level; there was, however a significant negative correlation between the length of maternal fasting prior to delivery and the infant blood sugar level at 24 hours of age. High FFA levels occurred in the infants of obese mothers and low levels were observed in infants with delayed respirations, in infants of preeclamptic mothers, and in infants of diabetic mothers.

WEIGHT AND LENGTH AT BIRTH OF INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS

1955 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

SUMMARY Birth weight and length of 122 surviving babies of diabetics, born in Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 1926–1947, was compared to a control group of 122 infants of non-diabetics (matched controls). The groups were comparable, especially as to foetal age and parity of the mother, severe complications in the mothers, etc. The average foetal age was 261 days (range 237–301). The average weight and length for the infants of non-diab. controls was 3045 gm. and 49.5 cm., for infants of diabetics 3600 gm. and 51.0 cm. Thus on average infants of diabetics weigh 550 gm. more and are 1.5 cm. longer than are infants of non-diab. Differences of the same magnitude were found in primiparae and in multiparae with and without obesity. The frequency distribution curves for weight and length are nearly normal, but placed at higher levels than are those of non-diab. infants. Diabetics get big and small infants as others, but the whole population is bigger than that of non-diabetics' infants. There is an actual overgrowth. In a personal series from 1946–1953 75 infants of long-term treated (1. t.) were compared to 91 infants of short-term treated (sh. t.) diabetics. The foetal age was 237 days or more, on average 260 days. Average weight and length for 1. t. infants was 3380 gm. and 50.5 cm., for sh. t. 3570 gm. and 51.3 cm. Thus the 1. t. infants on average weighed 190 gm. less and were 0.8 cm. shorter than sh. t. infants. So far these differences are not statistically significant, but an inverse correlation between the length of the last consecutive stay of the mother in Department B and the infants' weight and length could be demon I. Published in extenso in Acta endocrinol. 16, 330, 1954. strated. As the length of stay increases, weight and length decreases. This indicates the differences found to be due to the length of our treatment. As there is a positive correlation between the maternal pregnancy level of blood sugar (foetal glucose supply) during the last 6–7 weeks of pregnancy and the birth weight and length of infants of non-diabetic controls, 1. t. and sh. t. diabetics, the maternal pregnancy level may play a part of its own for the differences found in weight and length of the infants in these 3 groups. The maternal blood sugar level may influence weight and length of the infants directly (foetal glucose consumption) but also indirectly (foetal insulin turn-over rising with a rising supply of glucose), as foetal insulin may act as a growth stimulating factor.

Glucose tolerance is affected by visceral adiposity and sex, but not birth weight, in Yucatan miniature pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie L. McKnight ◽  
Semone B. Myrie ◽  
Dylan S. MacKay ◽  
Janet A. Brunton ◽  
Robert F. Bertolo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Intravenous Glucose

Epidemiological studies have linked small birth weight and lack of breastfeeding to type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to determine if (i) small birth weight promotes and (ii) suckling prevents the development of adiposity and diabetes biomarkers in a Yucatan miniature pig model. At 3 days of age, the intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) piglet (n = 6) was paired with a normal weight (NW), same-sex littermate (n = 6) and fed milk replacer for 4 weeks. A sow-fed normal weight littermate (n = 6) was also compared with the NW littermate to assess the effects of suckling. All pigs were fed a standard diet ad libitum for 5 h·day–1 from week 4. At 9.5 months, pigs underwent intravenous glucose tolerance (IVGTT) and insulin sensitivity tests (IST). At 10 months, tissues were harvested for fat analysis and pancreas histology. IUGR pigs demonstrated compensatory growth before sexual maturity and had greater subcutaneous fat depth; birth weight also negatively correlated with visceral fat content. Visceral and subcutaneous adiposity were greater in females than males. IVGTT and IST outcomes were not different due to birth weight or suckling. However, visceral adiposity was associated with several glucose tolerance outcomes and females were more glucose intolerant due to their greater adiposity. Pancreas insulin content or histology outcomes were not different. This model did not develop markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus because of small birth weight or formula feeding. However, visceral adiposity and sex were associated with glucose intolerance, which is consistent with data in humans.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Impact of Maternal Blood Sugar Level and BMI on Foetal Birth Weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bipul Prasad Deka ◽  
Dr. Dimpy Begum
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance of variable degrees with an onset, or first recognized, during pregnancy. About 15-45% of babies born to diabetic mothers can have macrosomia. This prospective case control study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Gauhati medical college and hospital, Guwahati, Assam during the period of 2013-2015. A total of 160 patients were included in the study. 100 patients without any glucose abnormality were taken as control and 60 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were included in the study as cases. In this study it was found that mean birth weight in GDM cases is more than normoglycemic control. The overweight and obesity group (BMI>25) have maximum birth weight. In this study it was found that the fasting blood glucose level is maximum in mothers with baby birth weight >3.5 kg.

scholarly journals THE CORRELATION BETWEEN COGNITIVE STYLE AND STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT ON GEOMETRY SUBJECT

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udiyono Udiyono ◽  
Muhammad Ridlo Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Correlation Equation ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Achievement Data ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Academic Year

The objective of the research is to identify whether there is positive correlation between cognitive style and students’ learning achievement on geometry subject. The research is classified as correlational quantitative research. The independent variable is cognitive style while the dependent variable is students’ achievement on geometry subject. The population of the research is all students of mathematics education program at Widya Dharma University in the academic year of 2015/2016. The sample is the students in semester IV B. It was taken by cluster random sampling. The instrument to determine cognitive style is psychiatric test, GEFT, which is developed by Witkin in 1977. While the instrument that is used to get students’ achievement data on geometry subject is test. The technique of data analysis is simple linear regression analysis. The result of the research is there is positive correlation between cognitive style and students’ learning achievement on geometry subject. The coefficient determination is r2 = 0.6209. It means the increase and decrease of students’ learning result on geometry subject 62.09% can be explained by cognitive style with linear correlation equation  Ŷ= -2.9650 + 4.6513X. Meanwhile, 37.91% is influenced by other factor. 13 out of 17 samples are categorized as students FD and 4 students are classified as FI. The mean score of students FD is 16 while students FI is 59.5385. It means students FI has better learning achievement than students FD on geometry subject..

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE, INSULIN AND GROWTH HORMONE IN INFANTS OF GESTATIONAL DIABETIC MOTHERS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-403
Author(s):  
Harold S. Cole ◽  
Joan H. Bilder ◽  
Rafael A. Camerini-Davalos ◽  
Richard D. Grimaldi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Twelve control and nine gestational diabetic mothers (GDM) and their infants were studied at birth. All GDM were obese. The criteria for selection of control mothers were a negative family history for diabetes, a normal oral glucose tolerance test, and the presence of obesity. The mean birth weights of the infants were not significantly different. All infants received a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), completed within the first 24 hours of life. Glucose, serum immunoreactive insulin and growth hormone levels were determined. The mean glucose values obtained at the time of delivery revealed no significant differences between the GDM and the control mothers or between the infants of gestational diabetic mothers (IGDM) and the normal control infants. At birth, the mean seruni insulin levels of the GDM and the IGDM were both significantly higher than were their control GDM and IGDM. The OGTT was performed between 0 and 21 hours after birth and after a 4-hour fast. The mean fasting blood glucose level of the IGDM was significantly lower than that of the control infants, p≤.02. However, during the OGTT, the normal control infants showed a disposal of glucose similar to the IGDM. No evidence of hyperinsulinemia was observed in either the control infants or the infants of gestational diabetic mothers. The mean growth hormone values for the infants at the time of delivery revealed no significant differences between the two study groups. During the OGTT, the IGDM had significantly higher mean growth hormone values at both 60 and 120 minutes.

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