Regional heterogeneity of trabecular bone microdamage density in association with trabecular microarchitecture and bone resorption in whole human lumbar vertebrae

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent T Carpentier ◽  
Helen Tsangari ◽  
Nick L Fazzalari ◽  
Julia S Kuliwaba
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽  
Bone Microdamage

Enhanced trabecular bone resorption and microstructural bone changes in rats after removal of the cecum

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (8) ◽  
pp. E1069-E1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narattaphol Charoenphandhu ◽  
Panan Suntornsaratoon ◽  
Prapaporn Jongwattanapisan ◽  
Kannikar Wongdee ◽  
Nateetip Krishnamra
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Formation Rate

The cecum, the proximal part of the large intestine, has the highest rate of calcium absorption compared with other intestinal segments. Previously, we showed that rats with the cecum surgically removed (cecectomized rats) had severe negative calcium balance, low bone mineral density (BMD), and a compensatory increase in colonic calcium absorption. Herein, we used the computer-assisted bone histomorphometric technique and microcomputed tomography (μCT) to analyze bone microstructural defects in cecectomized rats at 1 and 3 mo postsurgery compared with age-matched sham-operated control rats. Relatively low BMD as determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was observed in the femora, tibiae, and lumbar vertebrae of the 3-mo cecectomized rats. μCT analysis revealed decreases in the tibial cortical thickness, periosteal and endosteal perimeters, and moment of inertia in cecectomized rats. The histomorphometric results further showed that trabecular bone volume and number were markedly decreased, whereas trabecular separation was increased in the proximal tibial metaphysis of cecectomized rats, thus leading to a decrease in trabecular volumetric BMD. Since osteoclast surface and eroded surface were increased after cecectomy, such bone loss in cecectomized rats appeared to result from an enhanced bone resorption. Moreover, decreases in bone formation rate and osteoblast surface indicated a suppression of osteoblast-mediated bone formation. In conclusion, cecectomy induced widespread osteopenia in rats presumably by enhancing the osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and suppressing bone formation. The present results underline the important role of cecum in the body calcium homeostasis.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin E on Bone Biomechanical and Histomorphometric Parameters in Ovariectomized Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela G. Feresin ◽  
Sarah A. Johnson ◽  
Marcus L. Elam ◽  
Jeong-Su Kim ◽  
Dania A. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose

The present study examined the dose-dependent effect of vitamin E in reversing bone loss in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were either Sham-operated (Sham) or Ovx and fed control diet for 120 days to lose bone. Subsequently, rats were divided into 5 groups (n=12/group): Sham, Ovx-control, low dose (Ovx + 300 mg/kg diet; LD), medium dose (Ovx + 525 mg/kg diet; MD), and high dose (Ovx + 750 mg/kg diet; HD) of vitamin E and sacrificed after 100 days. Animals receiving MD and HD of vitamin E had increased serum alkaline phosphatase compared to the Ovx-control group. Bone histomorphometry analysis indicated a decrease in bone resorption as well as increased bone formation and mineralization in the Ovx groups supplemented with MD and HD of vitamin E. Microcomputed tomography findings indicated no effects of vitamin E on trabecular bone of fifth lumbar vertebrae. Animals receiving HD of vitamin E had enhanced fourth lumbar vertebra quality as evidenced by improved ultimate and yield load and stress when compared to Ovx-control group. These findings demonstrate that vitamin E improves bone quality, attenuates bone resorption, and enhances the rate of bone formation while being unable to restore bone density and trabecular bone structure.

The Effects of Bone Microstructure on Subsidence Risk for ALIF, LLIF, PLIF, and TLIF Spine Cages

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Palepu ◽  
Melvin D. Helgeson ◽  
Michael Molyneaux-Francis ◽  
Srinidhi Nagaraja
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Lumbar Fusion ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Cage Subsidence ◽  
Maximum Subsidence ◽  
Trabecular Bone Quality ◽  
The Impact

Several approaches (anterior, posterior, lateral, and transforaminal) are used in lumbar fusion surgery. However, it is unclear whether one of these approaches has the greatest subsidence risk as published clinical rates of cage subsidence vary widely (7–70%). Specifically, there is limited data on how a patient's endplate morphometry and trabecular bone quality influences cage subsidence risk. Therefore, this study compared subsidence (stiffness, maximum force, and work) between anterior (ALIF), lateral (LLIF), posterior (PLIF), and transforaminal (TLIF) lumbar interbody fusion cage designs to understand the impact of endplate and trabecular bone quality on subsidence. Forty-eight lumbar vertebrae were imaged with micro-ct to assess trabecular microarchitecture. micro-ct images of each vertebra were then imported into image processing software to measure endplate thickness (ET) and maximum endplate concavity depth (ECD). Generic ALIF, LLIF, PLIF, and TLIF cages made of polyether ether ketone were implanted on the superior endplates of all vertebrae and subsidence testing was performed. The results indicated that TLIF cages had significantly lower (p < 0.01) subsidence stiffness and maximum subsidence force compared to ALIF and LLIF cages. For all cage groups, trabecular bone volume fraction was better correlated with maximum subsidence force compared to ET and concavity depth. These findings highlight the importance of cage design (e.g., surface area), placement on the endplate, and trabecular bone quality on subsidence. These results may help surgeons during cage selection for lumbar fusion procedures to mitigate adverse events such as cage subsidence.

scholarly journals Age Related Lumbar Trabecular Bone in a Thai Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornpath Sattarath ◽  
Kittichai Wantanajittikul ◽  
Sukon Prasitwattanaseree ◽  
Jongkolnee Settakorn ◽  
Karnda Mekjaidee
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Spinal Column ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual

Within spinal column, the lumbar vertebrae are the most durable and usually left behind in severely burnt body. European studies have reported that these vertebrae are useful for age estimation. However, it is widely acknowledged that different ancestry necessitates different methods and includes a range of variables, therefore a study specific to Thai population is needed for accuracy in the identification of Thai individuals. To investigate the correlation between lumbar vertebrae, and age of the individual, L1-L5 drilled out from 75 Thai cadavers. After undergoing histological processing each slide was photographed. The images were processed using an image processing technique to calculate the percentage of trabecular bone area over total area (%TBA/TA). Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, %TBA/TA of L1-L5 was calculated. The %TBA/TA of L1-L5 showed a negative correlation to age in both male and female groups. The %TBA/TA of L2 in the male group decreased most significantly with increase in age (r=-0.775) whereas in the female group, L3 showed the strongest negative correlation with age (r=-0.75. In the conclusion, it was found that trabecular bone of L2 showed the most significant correlation to increase in age in males whereas L3 showed the strongest correlation in females. Keywords: Age, Image segmentation, Lumbar, Thai population, Trabecular bone

scholarly journals Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies 2.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8005
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽  
Anabolic Agent ◽  
Skeletal Disorder

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder, occurring as a result of an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation, with bone breakdown exceeding bone building. Bone resorption inhibitors, e.g., bisphosphonates, have been designed to treat osteoporosis. Teriparatide, an anabolic agent, stimulates bone formation and corrects the characteristic changes in the trabecular microarchitecture. However, these drugs are associated with significant side effects. It is therefore crucial that we continue to research the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and seek novel modes of therapy. This editorial summarizes and discusses the themes of the ten articles published in our Special Issue “Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies 2.0”, a continuation of our 2019 Special Issue "Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies" (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms/special_issues/osteoporosis_ijms). These Special Issues detail important global scientific findings that contribute to our current understanding of osteoporosis.

Different responses of trabecular and cortical bone to 1,25(OH)2D3 infusion

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. E715-E722
Author(s):  
D. D. Bikle ◽  
B. P. Halloran ◽  
C. McGalliard-Cone ◽  
E. Morey-Holton
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Bone Maturation ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Bone Particles

Previous studies regarding the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] on bone have suggested that 1,25(OH)2D3 increases bone mass and calcium. Many of these studies have focused on trabecular or total bone without examining cortical bone per se. To determine whether the response of trabecular bone to 1,25(OH)2D3 differed from the response of cortical bone, we infused 1,25(OH)2D3 into rats and examined bone mass, 45Ca accumulation, and the density distribution of bone particles (as a measure of bone maturation) in both the proximal tibia and shaft. In the proximal tibia 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased 45Ca accumulation, yet increased bone mass and shifted the particle distribution to more mineralized fractions. In the shaft there was a redistribution of bone to less mineralized fractions that was not accompanied by a change in total bone mass or a decrease in 45Ca accumulation. Thus 1,25(OH)2D3 may retard bone maturation and mineralization throughout the tibia, but this effect in the proximal tibia appears to be overshadowed by a reduction in bone resorption resulting in an accumulation of well-mineralized bone in that region. Bone resorption, however, was not measured directly. The net result is an increase in bone mass and density of trabecular bone not seen in cortical bone.

Bone changes due to pregnancy and lactation: influence of vitamin D status

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. E400-E406 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Marie ◽  
L. Cancela ◽  
N. Le Boulch ◽  
L. Miravet
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Bone Calcium ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of pregnancy and lactation on endosteal bone formation and resorption were evaluated in vitamin D-depleted (-D) and vitamin D-repleted (+D) rats. Pregnancy induced a marked stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption and of static and dynamic parameters of bone formation and mineralization. Bone resorption increased independently of vitamin D status and did not correlate with plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D] levels, but it was associated with increased plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentrations. Stimulation of the endosteal bone formation rate was mainly impaired in D-depleted rats, resulting in trabecular bone loss, which, in -D mother rats, was associated with decreased bone ash and total bone calcium. Lactation further stimulated bone resorption and reduced the trabecular bone volume; ash weight and bone calcium content were also decreased independently of the vitamin D status and changes in plasma iPTH levels. In presence of vitamin D, the bone formation rate increased fourfold during lactation but was unchanged in -D lactating rats. During lactation, vitamin D-depleted rats lost twofold more calcified bone than +D rats because of impaired mineralization. Thus, the present study shows that both the endosteal bone resorption and formation are stimulated by pregnancy and lactation and that vitamin D is required for normal bone mineralization during the reproductive period.

scholarly journals Porcupine inhibitors impair trabecular and cortical bone mass and strength in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Funck-Brentano ◽  
Karin H Nilsson ◽  
Robert Brommage ◽  
Petra Henning ◽  
Ulf H Lerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Mineral Density

WNT signaling is involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancers and regulates bone homeostasis. Palmitoleoylation of WNTs by Porcupine is required for WNT activity. Porcupine inhibitors are under development for cancer therapy. As the possible side effects of Porcupine inhibitors on bone health are unknown, we determined their effects on bone mass and strength. Twelve-week-old C57BL/6N female mice were treated by the Porcupine inhibitors LGK974 (low dose = 3 mg/kg/day; high dose = 6 mg/kg/day) or Wnt-C59 (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 3 weeks. Bone parameters were assessed by serum biomarkers, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, µCT and histomorphometry. Bone strength was measured by the 3-point bending test. The Porcupine inhibitors were well tolerated demonstrated by normal body weight. Both doses of LGK974 and Wnt-C59 reduced total body bone mineral density compared with vehicle treatment (P < 0.001). Cortical thickness of the femur shaft (P < 0.001) and trabecular bone volume fraction in the vertebral body (P < 0.001) were reduced by treatment with LGK974 or Wnt-C59. Porcupine inhibition reduced bone strength in the tibia (P < 0.05). The cortical bone loss was the result of impaired periosteal bone formation and increased endocortical bone resorption and the trabecular bone loss was caused by reduced trabecular bone formation and increased bone resorption. Porcupine inhibitors exert deleterious effects on bone mass and strength caused by a combination of reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption. We suggest that cancer targeted therapies using Porcupine inhibitors may increase the risk of fractures.

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