scholarly journals Kisspeptin antagonist prevents RF9-induced reproductive changes in female rats

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Sinan Canpolat ◽  
Mete Ozcan ◽  
Tuba Ozgocer ◽  
Haluk Kelestimur
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Lh Secretion

The aim of this study was to determine the modulatory effects of peptide 234 (p234) (an antagonist of GPR54 receptors) on kisspeptin and RF9 (an RFamide-related peptide antagonist)-induced changes in reproductive functions and energy balance in female rats. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were weaned on postnatal day (pnd) 21. The animals were intracerebroventricularly cannulated under general anesthesia on pnd 23. Groups of female rats were injected with kisspeptin, RF9, p234, kisspeptin plus p234, or RF9 plus p234, daily. The experiments were ended on the day of first diestrus following pnd 60. Kisspeptin or RF9 alone advanced vaginal opening (VO), which was delayed by administration of kisspeptin antagonist alone. In the rats given kisspeptin plus p234 or RF9 plus p234, VO was not different from control rats. Kisspeptin and RF9 elicited significant elevations in circulating LH levels. Coadministrations of kisspeptin or RF9 with p234 decreased LH levels significantly. The use of p234 alone did not cause any significant change in LH secretion. Kisspeptin decreased both food intake and body weight while RF9 decreased only food intake without affecting body weight. The effects of kisspeptin on energy balance were also reversed by central administration of p234. In conclusion, kisspeptin antagonist, p234, modulates the effects of kisspeptin on reproductive functions and energy balance, whereas RF9 seems to exert only its effects on reproductive functions by means of GPR54 signaling in female rats.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists reduce caloric intake by decreasing palatable diet selection in a novel dessert protocol in female rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. R67-R75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M. Mathes ◽  
Marco Ferrara ◽  
Neil E. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cb1 Receptor Antagonists

Although many feeding protocols induce obesity, few use multiple foods to analyze diet selection within a single group of animals. To this end, we describe a protocol using time-limited access to a dessert that induces hyperphagia and body weight gain while allowing simple analysis of diet selection. Female retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats were provided with ad libitum access to standard moist chow (1.67 kcal/g) and daily 8-h nocturnal access to either a sugar gel (SG; 0.31 kcal/g) or sugar fat whip (SFW; 7.35 kcal/g) for 15 days, and food intake and body weight were measured daily. Rats given SFW reduced moist chow intake but not enough to compensate for the large amount of calories consumed from SFW, and thus gained weight. We use this SFW overconsumption protocol to investigate the hypothesis that cannabinoid (CB)1 receptor antagonists reduce caloric intake by selectively decreasing consumption of palatable foods. In two experiments, female retired breeder Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either Rimonabant (1 mg/kg ip) or vehicle (equal parts polyethylene glycol and saline, 1 ml/kg ip) for 7 days, or one of three doses of AM251 (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg ip), or vehicle for 15 days; food intake and body weight were measured daily. Both Rimonabant and AM251 decreased 24-h caloric intake, but the reduction was specific to a decrease in SFW consumption. This supports the hypothesis that these CB1 receptor antagonists impact feeding by modulating the perception of palatability.

scholarly journals Effect of fish paste products, fish balls ‘tsumire’, intake in Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Kadokura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tomita ◽  
Kohei Suruga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract The fish paste product, fish balls ‘tsumire’, is a traditional type of Japanese food made from minced fish as well as imitation crab, kamaboko and hanpen. Although tsumire is known as a high-protein and low-fat food, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its health benefits. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of tsumire intake on organ weight and biomarker levels in Sprague–Dawley rats for 84 d as a preliminary study. Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group I, fed normal diets, and group II, fed normal diets with 5 % dried tsumire. Throughout the administration period, we monitored their body weight and food intake; at the end of this period, we measured their organ weight and analysed their blood biochemistry. No significant differences were observed with respect to body weight, food intake, organ weight and many biochemical parameters between the two groups. It was found that inorganic phosphorus and glucose levels were higher in group II rats than in group I rats. On the other hand, sodium, calcium, amylase and cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in group II than in group I. Interestingly, we found that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase in group II were significantly lower than in group I, and that other liver function parameters of group II tended to be lower than in group I. In conclusion, we consider that the Japanese traditional food, ‘tsumire,’ may be effective as a functional food for human health management worldwide.

SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY OF MALAYSIAN ACALYPHA INDICA: BIOCHEMISTRY AND HAEMATOLOGY ANALYSIS OF RAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norazlanshah Hazali ◽  
Nurul Nadia Mohd Nazri ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Mashita Masri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dosage Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
High Dosage Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Acalypha Indica

Acalypha indica is one of the medicinal plants that have been used since ages to treat various diseases such as pneumoniae, asthma and skin diseases. This study aimed to explore the subchronic toxicity effect of Acalypha indica on Sprague Dawley rats based on haematological and biochemical parameters. The extract of Acalypha indica was prepared by aqueous extraction technique. 48 Sprague Dawley rats aged 7 weeks, weighing 150-200g were randomly divided into four groups, 6 animals per gender. A control group received water vehicle while three treated groups received the extract at dosage of 100 (low dosage group), 200 (medium dosage group) and 300 (high dosage group) mg/kg body weight. The sample was administered orally by using oral gavage daily for 90 days. No sign of toxicity and mortality was recorded in all groups throughout the study. There were no significant different (p>0.05) in body weight gain, food and water intake between control and treatment group. However, there was significant different in uric acid between control and high dosage group of male and female rats but the mean were in normal range. There were also reduced in mean of urea and creatinine in all dosage group of male and urea for all dosage group of female. Statistically significant reduced in urea was recorded between control and high dosage group of male only. Other parameters showed no significant different between control and treatment groups. Therefore, Acalypha indica is safe for human consumption and might be potential in reducing kidney damage problem.

Central administration of metformin into the third ventricle of C57BL/6 mice decreases meal size and number and activates hypothalamic S6 kinase

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. R499-R505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Ju Kim ◽  
Eun-Young Park ◽  
Mi-Jeong Oh ◽  
Sung-Soo Park ◽  
Kyung-Ho Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Mediobasal Hypothalamus ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
The Third

Administration of metformin is known to reduce both body weight and food intake. Although the hypothalamus is recognized as a critical regulator of energy balance and body weight, there is currently no evidence for an effect of metformin in the hypothalamus. Therefore, we sought to determine the central action of metformin on energy balance and body weight, as well as its potential involvement with key hypothalamic energy sensors, including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and S6 kinase (S6K). We used meal pattern analysis and a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) test and measured energy expenditure in C56BL/6 mice administered metformin (0, 7.5, 15, or 30 μg) into the third ventricle (I3V). Furthermore, we I3V-administered either control or metformin (30 μg) and compared the phosphorylation of AMPK and S6K in the mouse mediobasal hypothalamus. Compared with the control, I3V administration of metformin decreased body weight and food intake in a dose-dependent manner and did not result in CTA. Furthermore, the reduction in food intake induced by I3V administration of metformin was accomplished by decreases in both nocturnal meal size and number. Compared with the control, I3V administration of metformin significantly increased phosphorylation of S6K at Thr389 and AMPK at Ser485/491 in the mediobasal hypothalamus, while AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172 was not significantly altered. Moreover, I3V rapamycin pretreatment restored the metformin-induced anorexia and weight loss. These results suggest that the reduction in food intake induced by the central administration of metformin in the mice may be mediated by activation of S6K pathway.

scholarly journals A Safety Evaluation of a Nature-Identical l-Ergothioneine in Sprague Dawley Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palma Ann Marone ◽  
Jan Trampota ◽  
Steven Weisman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

l-(+) Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring thiol amino acid with antioxidant properties and potential benefits as a dietary supplement. Despite its century-old identification and wide distribution in human food, little is known of its mechanism of action and safety. The nature-identical biomimetic of l-(+) ergothioneine, produced by Mironova Labs and supplied as Mironova (EGT+), has been investigated in the present studies for its mutagenic and toxicologic potential. In a plate incorporation and preincubation assay with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, 100, 1,535, and 1,537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA strain, at dose concentrations of 1.58, 5, 15.8, 50, 158, 500, 1,580, and 5,000 μg/plate with and without metabolic activation, no cytotoxicity or mutagenicity was observed. Following a preliminary 28-day study, a repeated dose 90-day gavage study at dose levels of 0, 400, 800, and 1,600 mg/kg body weight (bw)/d in Sprague Dawley rats, in which dose-proportional systemic absorption was confirmed by plasma analysis, no adverse clinical, body weight/gain, food consumption and efficiency, clinical pathology, or histopathological changes associated with the administration of the nature-identical ergothioneine were observed. In conclusion, EGT+ administered over 90 days was well tolerated with a no adverse effect level at 1,600 mg/kg bw/d, the highest dose tested for male and female rats. In addition, the nature-identical test substance, EGT+ was not mutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay at plate concentrations of up to 5,000 μg/mL in the presence or absence of metabolic activation.

scholarly journals 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Enhances Cue-Conditioned Alcohol Reinstatement in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Hogarth ◽  
Elvan Djouma ◽  
Maarten van den Buuse
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Progressive Ratio ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a detrimental disease that develops through chronic ethanol exposure. Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression has been associated with AUD and alcohol addiction, however the effects of activation of BDNF signalling in the brain on voluntary alcohol intake reinstatement and relapse are unknown. We therefore trained male and female Sprague Dawley rats in operant chambers to self-administer a 10% ethanol solution. Following baseline acquisition and progressive ratio (PR) analysis, rats were split into drug and vehicle groups during alcohol lever extinction. The animals received two weeks of daily IP injection of either the BDNF receptor, TrkB, agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), or vehicle. During acquisition of alcohol self-administration, males had significantly higher absolute numbers of alcohol-paired lever presses and a higher PR breakpoint. However, after adjusting for body weight, the amount of ethanol was not different between the sexes and the PR breakpoint was higher in females than males. Following extinction, alcohol-primed reinstatement in male rats was not altered by pretreatment with 7,8-DHF when adjusted for body weight. In contrast, in female rats, the weight-adjusted potential amount of ethanol, but not absolute numbers of active lever presses, was significantly enhanced by 7,8-DHF treatment during reinstatement. Analysis of spontaneous locomotor activity in automated photocell cages suggested that the effect of 7,8-DHF was not associated with hyperactivity. These results suggest that stimulation of the TrkB receptor may contribute to reward craving and relapse in AUD, particularly in females.

Postnatal intracerebroventricular exposure to neuropeptide Y causes weight loss in female adult rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. R1560-R1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Varma ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Lisa Weissfeld ◽  
Sherin U. Devaskar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Arcuate Nuclei

We investigated the effect of repetitive postnatal (2–7 days) intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on food intake and body weight gain in the 3- to 120-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. NPY caused a 32% transient increase in body weight gain with elevated circulating insulin concentrations within 24 h. This early intervention led to the persistence of hyperinsulinemia and relative hyperleptinemia with euglycemia in the 120-day-old female alone. This perturbation was associated with 50% suppression in adult female hypothalamic NPY concentrations and a 50–85% decline in NPY immunoreactivity in the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei. This change was paralleled by a ∼20% decline in food intake and body weight gain at 60 and 120 days. However, when exogenous NPY was stereotaxically reinjected into the paraventricular nucleus of the ∼120-day-old adult females who were pretreated with NPY postnatally, an increase in food intake and body weight gain was noted, attesting to no disruption in the NPY end-organ responsivity. We conclude that postnatal intracerebroventricular NPY has long-lasting effects that predetermine the resultant adult phenotype in a sex-specific manner.

scholarly journals A 4-Week Repeated-Dose Oral Toxicity Study of Bojungikgi-Tang in Crl:CD Sprague Dawley Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae-Rom Yoo ◽  
Hyekyung Ha ◽  
Mee-Young Lee ◽  
Hyeun-Kyoo Shin ◽  
Su-Cheol Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Repeated Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dose Oral

Traditional herbal medicines have been used for centuries in Asian countries. However, recent studies have led to increasing concerns about the safety and toxicity of herbal prescriptions. Bojungikgi-tang (BJIGT), a herbal decoction, has been used in Korea to improve physical strength. To establish the safety information, BJIGT water extract was evaluated in a 4-week repeated-dose oral toxicity test in Crl:CD Sprague Dawley rats. BJIGT was orally administered in daily doses of 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks via oral gavage in male and female rats. We examined the mortality, clinical signs, body weight change, food intake, organ weights, hematology, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis parameters. No significant changes were observed in mortality, clinical sings, body weight, food intake, organ weights, hematology, serum biochemistry, and urinalysis parameters between the control group and the BJIGT-treated groups in the rats of both sexes. The results indicate that BJIGT did not induce toxic effects at a dose level up to 2000 mg/kg in rats. Thus, this concentration is considered the nonobservable effect dose in rats and is appropriate for a 13-week subchronic toxicity study.

Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on energy balance in rats are sex dependent

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. R1417-R1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rivest ◽  
Y. Deshaies ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a chronic intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on energy balance of male and female rats. One week after their delivery to the laboratory, both male and female rats were divided into two groups. One group in each sex was treated with human/rat CRF, while another group was infused with the vehicle. Chronic administration of CRF was accomplished by means of miniosmotic pumps connected to a cannula that was stereotaxically directed into the third ventricle. Food intake and body weight were measured each day during the study. After 14 days of treatment, the rats were killed by decapitation. Energy, fat, and protein contents of the carcasses were quantified. Serum testosterone and estradiol were assayed in males and females, respectively. Administration of CRF significantly reduced body weight gain and food intake in male rats. No significant difference in those variables was observed between female rats treated with CRF and their controls infused with saline. Similarly, metabolizable energy intake and body energy gain were reduced in male rats infused with CRF, whereas no difference was observed between female animals treated with CRF and those infused with saline. In male rats, body fat and body protein contents were lower in CRF-treated than in saline-infused rats. In female rats, CRF did not affect body composition. Serum testosterone in male rats and serum estradiol in female animals were reduced after chronic infusion of CRF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Nutritional and 13-Week Subchronic Toxicological Evaluation of Lignosus rhinocerotis Mycelium in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
I-Chen Li ◽  
Bi-Hua Yang ◽  
Jing-Yi Lin ◽  
Shan Lin ◽  
Chin-Chu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Lignosus Rhinocerotis

Lignosus rhinocerotis (Tiger’s Milk mushroom) is a novel mushroom with sclerotium belonging to the Polyporaceae family and has been reported widely to possess anti-cancer, anti-cough, antioxidant, gastro-protective, immuno-modulating, and neurite-stimulating properties. As numerous studies have proven the tremendous medicinal values of L. rhinocerotis, it is necessary to understand its nutrition as well as its safety for the recipient. Previous research on L. rhinocerotis has mainly focused on the naturally occurring sclerotium and may have overlooked mushroom mycelia from submerged liquid fermentation, which ensures a high uniform quantitative biomass production as well as a high biological value. Hence, this is the first report on the evaluation of nutrition and 13-week repeated oral toxicity of L. rhinocerotis mycelium (LRM). The LRM powder contained 9.0 ± 4.2% moisture, 1.9 ± 1.3% ash, 1.6 ± 2.2% crude lipid, 8.4 ± 5.3% crude protein, 79.3 ± 4.6% carbohydrate, and 364 kcal/100 g energy. The total free amino acid ranged from 349 to 5636 mg/100 g and the umami index of freeze-dried LRM powder was 0.37. For safety assessment, ninety-six rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of twelve male and twelve female rats. Test articles were administered by oral gavage to rats at 850, 1700, and 3400 mg/kg body weight/day for 13 weeks and reverse osmosis water was used as the control. All animals survived to the end of the study. During the experiment period, no abnormal changes were observed in clinical signs, body weight, or ophthalmological examinations. No adverse or test article-related differences were found in urinalysis, hematology, or serum biochemistry parameters between the treatment and control groups. Necropsy and histopathological examination indicated no treatment-related changes. According to the above results, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of L. rhinocerotis was identified to be greater than 3400 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day in Sprague–Dawley rats.

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