Modelling aspects of oviduct fluid formation in vitro

Oviduct fluid is the microenvironment that supports early reproductive processes including fertilisation, embryo cleavage and genome activation. However, the composition and regulation of this critical environment remain rather poorly defined. This study uses anin vitropreparation of the bovine oviduct epithelium to investigate the formation and composition ofin vitro-derived oviduct fluid (ivDOF) within a controlled environment. We confirm the presence of oviduct-specific glycoprotein 1 inivDOF and show that the amino acid and carbohydrate content resembles that of previously reportedin vivodata. In parallel, using a different culture system, a panel of oviduct epithelial solute carrier genes and the corresponding flux of amino acids withinivDOF in response to steroid hormones were investigated. We next incorporated fibroblasts directly beneath the epithelium. This dual culture arrangement represents more faithfully thein vivoenvironment and impacts onivDOF composition. Lastly, physiological and pathophysiological endocrine states were modelled and their impact on thein vitrooviduct preparation was evaluated. These experiments help clarify the dynamic function of the oviductin vitroand suggest a number of future research avenues, such as investigating epithelial–fibroblast interactions, probing the molecular aetiologies of subfertility and optimising embryo culture media.

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Melanogenesis Using Tyrosinate (Not Tyrosinase)

10.26434/chemrxiv.6936653.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Koen Vercruysse ◽

Nahfisa Richardson

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Culture Media ◽

Disodium Salt ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Future Research ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Set Up ◽

Mediated Oxidation

We present our initial observations regarding the effect of the presence of L-tyrosinate (= L-tyrosine disodium salt) on the auto- or Fe2+/H2O2-mediated oxidation of various catecholic substances into melanin-like pigments. We observed that L-tyrosinate inhibited the Fe2+/H2O2-mediated oxidation. In contrast, L-tyrosinate promoted the auto-oxidation of ortho-diphenols like L-DOPA, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, catechol or pyrogallol, but not a meta-diphenol like resorcinol. In addition, we briefly demonstrated the melanogenic properties of cell culture media containing L-tyrosinate. The reactions were monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. For a reaction between L-tyrosinate and L-DOPA, a large scale experiment was set up allowing us to isolate, purify and characterize using FT-IR spectroscopy the melanin-like material obtained. We discuss our observations in the context of the in vitro and in vivo study of melanogenesis and provide some directions for future research efforts.

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Potency of Endophyte Microbes as an Antagonistic Agent for Colletotrichum capsici Causes Anthracnose Disease in Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frustescens)

el–Hayah ◽

10.18860/elha.v6i3.5804 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 104-111

Author(s):

Zahroul Afifah ◽

Ulfah Utami

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Culture Media ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Negative Control ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Colletotrichum Capsici ◽

Trichoderma Sp

Background: An anthracnose disease caused by pathogenic fungal Colletotrichum capsici has been attacking the cayenne plants either harvested or has not been harvested. This disease must be handled appropriately and quickly because it can reduce the production of chili up to 90%. Recently, anthracnose disease prevention still use chemical fungicide that if applied for long time will cause new impact for environment. Objective: Trichoderma and Bacillus cereus endophytes may be used as antagonistic agents for C. capsici pathogens because they have various antibiotic compounds. Methods: This research uses experimental method. The stages of this study include sterilization of tools and materials, preparation of culture media of fungal and bacteria, rejuvenation of endophytic microbe culture Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus cereus, rejuvenation of C. capsici pathogen, antagonistic test in vitro using dual culture method. Result and conclusion: The results of in vitro antagonistic tests showed that inhibition percentage of Trichoderma treatment (96%) and combination treatment Trichoderma and B. cereus (97%) is not significantly different. While in B. cereus treatment (11, 88%) significantly different with all of treatments. Endophytes are shown by its dominating growth in petri dishes than C. capsici pathogen or B. cereus endophytes. Furthermore,for endophytes Trichoderma sp continued on in vivo test because it was most effective.The result for incubation period is 3 days after inoculation compared with negative control 2 days. For disease incidence 100%, and for disease intensity that is 61,25% compared with negative control equal to 88,75%.

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Melanogenesis Using Tyrosinate (Not Tyrosinase)

10.26434/chemrxiv.6936653 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Koen Vercruysse ◽

Nahfisa Richardson

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Culture Media ◽

Disodium Salt ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Future Research ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Set Up ◽

Mediated Oxidation

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An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/038.55.2020.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

G. Zadehdabagh ◽

K. Karimi ◽

M. Rezabaigi ◽

F. Ajamgard

Keyword(s):

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

Inhibitory Potential ◽

Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

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Influence of Light Conditions and Medium Composition on Morphophysiological Characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni In Vitro and In Vivo

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7070195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Alla A. Shulgina ◽

Elena A. Kalashnikova ◽

Ivan G. Tarakanov ◽

Rima N. Kirakosyan ◽

Mikhail Yu. Cherednichenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Adventitious Shoot ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Light Spectra ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽

Multiplication Coefficient

We investigated the influence of different conditions (light composition and plant growth regulators (PGRs) in culture media) on the morphophysiological parameters of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in vitro and in vivo. Both PGRs and the light spectra applied were found to significantly affect plant morphogenesis. During the micropropagation stage of S. rebaudiana, optimal growth, with a multiplication coefficient of 15, was obtained in an MS culture medium containing 2,4-epibrassinolide (Epin) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg L−1, respectively. During the rooting stage, we found that the addition of 0.5 mg L−1 hydroxycinnamic acid (Zircon) to the MS medium led to an optimal root formation frequency of 85% and resulted in the formation of strong plants with well-developed leaf blades. Cultivation on media containing 0.1 mg L−1 Epin and 0.5 mg L−1 IAA and receiving coherent light irradiation on a weekly basis resulted in a 100% increase in the multiplication coefficient, better adventitious shoot growth, and a 33% increase in the number of leaves. S. rebaudiana microshoots, cultured on MS media containing 1.0 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg L−1 IAA with red monochrome light treatments, increased the multiplication coefficient by 30% compared with controls (white light, media without PGRs).

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Effect of Processing on Fish Protein Antigenicity and Allergenicity

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10050969 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 969

Author(s):

Xingyi Jiang ◽

Qinchun Rao

Keyword(s):

Fish Species ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Protein Solubility ◽

Future Research ◽

Food Protein ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Fish Allergy

Fish allergy is a life-long food allergy whose prevalence is affected by many demographic factors. Currently, there is no cure for fish allergy, which can only be managed by strict avoidance of fish in the diet. According to the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee, 12 fish proteins are recognized as allergens. Different processing (thermal and non-thermal) techniques are applied to fish and fishery products to reduce microorganisms, extend shelf life, and alter organoleptic/nutritional properties. In this concise review, the development of a consistent terminology for studying food protein immunogenicity, antigenicity, and allergenicity is proposed. It also summarizes that food processing may lead to a decrease, no change, or even increase in fish antigenicity and allergenicity due to the change of protein solubility, protein denaturation, and the modification of linear or conformational epitopes. Recent studies investigated the effect of processing on fish antigenicity/allergenicity and were mainly conducted on commonly consumed fish species and major fish allergens using in vitro methods. Future research areas such as novel fish species/allergens and ex vivo/in vivo evaluation methods would convey a comprehensive view of the relationship between processing and fish allergy.

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The Genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae): A Review of Its Diversity, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Nilufar Z. Mamadalieva ◽

Davlat Kh. Akramov ◽

Ludger A. Wessjohann ◽

Hidayat Hussain ◽

Chunlin Long ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Iridoid Glycosides ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Future Research ◽

South Central ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Central South

The genus Lagochilus (Lamiaceae) is native to Central, South-Central, and Eastern Asia. It comprises 44 species, which have been commonly used as herbal medicines for the treatments of various ailments for thousands of years, especially in Asian countries. This review aims to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of species from the genus Lagochilus to unveil opportunities for future research. In addition, we provide some information about their traditional uses, botany, and diversity. More than 150 secondary metabolites have been reported from Lagochilus, including diterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, lignans, steroids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile, non-volatile and aromatic compounds, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and other secondary metabolites. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies on the crude extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from Lagochilus species showed hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibitory, antispasmodic, hypotensive, sedative, psychoactive, and other activities.

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Astrocyte-Derived CCL2 is Associated with M1 Activation and Recruitment of Cultured Microglial Cells

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000443040 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 859-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mingfeng He ◽

Hongquan Dong ◽

Yahui Huang ◽

Shunmei Lu ◽

Shu Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Microglial Activation ◽

Culture Media ◽

Microglial Cells ◽

Migration Ability ◽

Migration Assay ◽

Tnf Α

Background/Aims: Microglia are an essential player in central nervous system inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated that the astrocytic chemokine, CCL2, is associated with microglial activation in vivo. However, CCL2-induced microglial activation has not yet been studied in vitro. The purpose of the current study was to understand the role of astrocyte-derived CCL2 in microglial activation and to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s). Methods: Primary astrocytes were pre-treated with CCL2 siRNA and stimulated with TNF-α. The culture medium (CM) was collected and added to cultures of microglia, which were incubated with and without CCR2 inhibitor. Microglial cells were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR to determine whether they polarized to the M1 or M2 state. Microglial migratory ability was assessed by transwell migration assay. Results: TNF-α stimulated the release of CCL2 from astrocytes, even if the culture media containing TNF-α was replaced with fresh media after 3 h. CM from TNF-α-stimulated astrocytes successfully induced microglial activation, which was ascertained by increased activation of M1 and enhanced migration ability. In contrast, CM from astrocytes pretreated with CCL2 siRNA showed no effect on microglial activation, compared to controls. Additionally, microglia pre-treated with RS102895, a CCR2 inhibitor, were resistant to activation by CM from TNF-α-stimulated astrocytes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the CCL2/CCR2 pathway of astrocyte-induced microglial activation is associated with M1 polarization and enhanced migration ability, indicating that this pathway could be a useful target to ameliorate inflammation in the central nervous system.

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Cathepsin B Localizes in the Caveolae and Participates in the Proteolytic Cascade in Trabecular Meshwork Cells. Potential New Drug Target for the Treatment of Glaucoma

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10010078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

April Nettesheim ◽

Myoung Sup Shim ◽

Angela Dixon ◽

Urmimala Raychaudhuri ◽

Haiyan Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trabecular Meshwork ◽

Cathepsin B ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Culture Media ◽

Ecm Remodeling ◽

Trabecular Meshwork Cells ◽

Proteolytic Cascade

Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the trabecular meshwork (TM) is one of the hallmarks of glaucoma, a group of human diseases and leading cause of permanent blindness. The molecular mechanisms underlying ECM deposition in the glaucomatous TM are not known, but it is presumed to be a consequence of excessive synthesis of ECM components, decreased proteolytic degradation, or both. Targeting ECM deposition might represent a therapeutic approach to restore outflow facility in glaucoma. Previous work conducted in our laboratory identified the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B (CTSB) to be expressed on the cellular surface and to be secreted into the culture media in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. Here, we further investigated the role of CTSB on ECM remodeling and outflow physiology in vitro and in CSTBko mice. Our results indicate that CTSB localizes in the caveolae and participates in the pericellular degradation of ECM in TM cells. We also report here a novel role of CTSB in regulating the expression of PAI-1 and TGFβ/Smad signaling in TM cells vitro and in vivo in CTSBko mice. We propose enhancing CTSB activity as a novel therapeutic target to attenuate fibrosis and ECM deposition in the glaucomatous outflow pathway.

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Foeniculum vulgareMill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/842674 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Shamkant B. Badgujar ◽

Vainav V. Patel ◽

Atmaram H. Bandivdekar

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

New Drugs ◽

Future Research ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Wide Range ◽

Research Findings ◽

Valuable Compounds

Foeniculum vulgareMill commonly called fennel has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. Additionally, it is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers. The review aims to gather the fragmented information available in the literature regarding morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology ofFoeniculum vulgare. It also compiles available scientific evidence for the ethnobotanical claims and to identify gaps required to be filled by future research. Findings based on their traditional uses and scientific evaluation indicates thatFoeniculum vulgareremains to be the most widely used herbal plant. It has been used for more than forty types of disorders. Phytochemical studies have shown the presence of numerous valuable compounds, such as volatile compounds, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and amino acids. Compiled data indicate their efficacy in severalin vitroandin vivopharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antinociceptive, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antithrombotic, apoptotic, cardiovascular, chemomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and memory enhancing property.Foeniculum vulgarehas emerged as a good source of traditional medicine and it provides a noteworthy basis in pharmaceutical biology for the development/formulation of new drugs and future clinical uses.

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