Palmitoylated GLB1L4 protein transfers via exosomes to maintain sperm function in rat epididymis

Epididymal specific proteins play a crucial role in sperm maturation. Some of post-translational modified proteins are transported from caput to cauda of epididymis through exosomes which regulate function of sperm in cauda epididymis. Rat beta-galactosidase-1-like protein 4 (GLB1L4) expresses specifically in the caput epididymis and localizes on sperm; however, the regulatory ways which GLB1L4 protein interacts with sperm to maintain sperm function are unclear. In this study, knockdown of rat GLB1L4 could inhibit in vitro capacitation of sperm in cauda epididymis and reduce fertility of the male rats by injection of special lentivirus-shRNA into caput epididymis. Moreover, a considerable proportion of GLB1L4 proteins from rat caput epididymis were loaded on exosomes. The exosomes loaded GLB1L4 from in vitro primary rat caput epididymal epithelial cells could bind with spermatozoa in cauda epididymis. Further, the palmitoylation status of cysteine residues at 12th and 15th sites of the protein molecule could significantly affect cellular localization of GLB1L4 protein. It was identified that most of GLB1L4 was palmitoylated in the presence of exosomes from primary caput epididymal cells and the level of palmitoylated GLB1L4 in the exosomes could be inhibited by 2-Bromopalmitate (2-BP). These results suggested that the palmitoylated GLB1L4 from rat caput epididymis could be transported to the cauda epididymis to regulate the sperm function by exosomes.

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DER EINFLUSS VON RESERPIN AUF DIE ANTITHYREOIDALE WIRKUNG VON KALIUMPERCHLORAT

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0390423 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 423-430

Author(s):

H. L. Krüskemper ◽

F. J. Kessler ◽

E. Steinkrüger

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Gland ◽

Male Rats ◽

Normal Male ◽

Tissue Respiration ◽

List Type ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Hormone Synthesis ◽

Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT 1. Reserpine does not inhibit the tissue respiration of liver in normal male rats (in vitro). 2. The decrease of tissue respiration of the liver with simultaneous morphological stimulation of the thyroid gland after long administration of reserpine is due to a minute inhibition of the hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. 3. The morphological alterations of the thyroid in experimental hypothyroidism due to perchlorate can not be prevented with reserpine.

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In vitro release of GnRH from superfused hypothalami of male rats during pubertal development

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.107s067 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 104 (4_Supplb) ◽

pp. S67

Author(s):

G. BRABANT ◽

A. K. RAY ◽

R. GRECH

Keyword(s):

Pubertal Development ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Male Rats ◽

Vitro Release

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Effect of ornidazole on fertility of male rats: inhibition of a glycolysis-related motility pattern and zona binding required for fertilization in vitro

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/reprod/118.1.127 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 127-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

W Bone ◽

NG Jones ◽

G Kamp ◽

CH Yeung ◽

TG Cooper

Keyword(s):

Zona Pellucida ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Cumulus Cells ◽

Glycolytic Enzyme ◽

Male Rats ◽

Fertilization In Vitro ◽

Swimming Pattern ◽

Principal Piece ◽

Free Media

The effects of the male antifertility agent ornidazole on glycolysis as a prerequisite for fertilization were investigated in rats. Antifertility doses of ornidazole inhibited glycolysis within mature spermatozoa as determined from the lack of glucose utilization, reduced acidosis under anaerobic conditions and reduced glycolytic enzyme activity. As a consequence, cauda epididymidal spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed rats were unable to fertilize rat oocytes in vitro, with or without cumulus cells, which was not due to transfer of an inhibitor in epididymal fluid with the spermatozoa. Under IVF conditions, binding to the zona pellucida was reduced in spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed males and the spermatozoa did not undergo a change in swimming pattern, which was observed in controls. The block to fertilization could be explained by the disruption of glycolysis-dependent events, since reduced binding to the zona pellucida and a lack of kinematic changes were demonstrated by control spermatozoa in glucose-free media in the presence of respiratory substrates. The importance of glycolysis for binding to, and penetration of, the zona pellucida, and hyperactivation in rats is discussed in relation to the glycolytic production of ATP in the principal piece in which local deprivation of energy may explain the reduced force of spermatozoa from ornidazole-fed males.

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In Vitro Diabetogenic Effect of Cadmium on Liver

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research ◽

10.25258/ijcprr.v8i01.9093 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Agung Biworo ◽

Dwi Rezki Amalia ◽

Gratianus Billy Himawan ◽

Lisda Rizky Amalia ◽

Valentina Halim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Liver Homogenate ◽

Liver Cells ◽

Male Rats ◽

Glycogen Level ◽

Liver Sample ◽

Km Value ◽

Cd Exposure ◽

Menten Constant

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cadmium (Cd) on glucose metabolism disruption in liver cells homogenate in vitro. The glucose metabolism disruption was analyzed by measuring the level of liver glucose, glycogen and methylglyoxal (MG), and the activity of glucokinase activity. In this experiment, a liver sample was taken from male rats (Rattus novergicus). Samples then homogenized and divided into four groups with; C served as control which contains liver homogenate only; T1 which contains liver homogenate + 0.03 mg/l of cadmium sulphate (CdSO4); T2 which contains liver homogenate + 0.3 mg/l of CdSO4; and T3 which contains liver homogenate + 3 mg/l of CdSO4. After treatment, liver glucose, glycogen, and MG levels, and glucokinase activity were estimated. The activity of liver glucokinase was estimated by measuring the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) value. The results revealed that Cd exposure could significantly increase glucose and MG levels, the Km value of glucokinase, and decreased the glycogen level in liver cells (P>0.05). These results indicated that Cd exposure induced the disruption of glucose metabolism in the liver.

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Cardioinotropic Effects in Subchronic Intoxication of Rats with Lead and/or Cadmium Oxide Nanoparticles

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3466

Author(s):

Svetlana V. Klinova ◽

Boris A. Katsnelson ◽

Ilzira A. Minigalieva ◽

Oksana P. Gerzen ◽

Alexander A. Balakin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cadmium Oxide ◽

Male Rats ◽

Sliding Velocity ◽

Muscle Type ◽

In Vitro Motility Assay ◽

Thin Filaments ◽

In Vitro Motility ◽

Toxic Impact ◽

Cdo Nanoparticles

Subchronic intoxication was induced in outbred male rats by repeated intraperitoneal injections with lead oxide (PbO) and/or cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles (NPs) 3 times a week during 6 weeks for the purpose of examining its effects on the contractile characteristics of isolated right ventricle trabeculae and papillary muscles in isometric and afterload contractions. Isolated and combined intoxication with these NPs was observed to reduce the mechanical work produced by both types of myocardial preparation. Using the in vitro motility assay, we showed that the sliding velocity of regulated thin filaments drops under both isolated and combined intoxication with CdO–NP and PbO–NP. These results correlate with a shift in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms towards slowly cycling β–MHC. The type of CdO–NP + PbO–NP combined cardiotoxicity depends on the effect of the toxic impact, the extent of this effect, the ratio of toxicant doses, and the degree of stretching of cardiomyocytes and muscle type studied. Some indices of combined Pb–NP and CdO–NP cardiotoxicity and general toxicity (genotoxicity included) became fully or partly normalized if intoxication developed against background administration of a bioprotective complex.

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Elucidating the anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing potential of selenocystine against respiratory tract infections causing bacteria: in vitro and in silico studies

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/hsz-2020-0375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Bharti Patel ◽

Subrata Mishra ◽

Indira K. Priyadarsini ◽

Sirisha L. Vavilala

Keyword(s):

Quorum Sensing ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Protein Function ◽

Docking Studies ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

In Silico Studies ◽

Specific Proteins ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Bacteria are increasingly relying on biofilms to develop resistance to antibiotics thereby resulting in their failure in treating many infections. In spite of continuous research on many synthetic and natural compounds, ideal anti-biofilm molecule is still not found thereby warranting search for new class of molecules. The current study focuses on exploring anti-biofilm potential of selenocystine against respiratory tract infection (RTI)-causing bacteria. Anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm assays demonstrated that selenocystine inhibits the growth of bacteria in their planktonic state, and formation of biofilms while eradicating preformed-biofilm effectively. Selenocystine at a MIC50 as low as 42 and 28 μg/mL effectively inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial effect is further reconfirmed by agar cup diffusion assay and growth-kill assay. Selenocystine showed 30–60% inhibition of biofilm formation in K. pneumonia, and 44–70% in P. aeruginosa respectively. It also distorted the preformed-biofilms by degrading the eDNA component of the Extracellular Polymeric Substance matrix. Molecular docking studies of selenocystine with quorum sensing specific proteins clearly showed that through the carboxylic acid moiety it interacts and inhibits the protein function, thereby confirming its anti-biofilm potential. With further validation selenocystine can be explored as a potential candidate for the treatment of RTIs.

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Molecular Mechanisms of ZC3H12C/Reg-3 Biological Activity and Its Involvement in Psoriasis Pathology

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7311

Author(s):

Mateusz Wawro ◽

Jakub Kochan ◽

Weronika Sowinska ◽

Aleksandra Solecka ◽

Karolina Wawro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Member ◽

Cellular Localization ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Association Studies ◽

Psoriasis Patient ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Transcript Levels

The members of the ZC3H12/MCPIP/Regnase family of RNases have emerged as important regulators of inflammation. In contrast to Regnase-1, -2 and -4, a thorough characterization of Regnase-3 (Reg-3) has not yet been explored. Here we demonstrate that Reg-3 differs from other family members in terms of NYN/PIN domain features, cellular localization pattern and substrate specificity. Together with Reg-1, the most comprehensively characterized family member, Reg-3 shared IL-6, IER-3 and Reg-1 mRNAs, but not IL-1β mRNA, as substrates. In addition, Reg-3 was found to be the only family member which regulates transcript levels of TNF, a cytokine implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases including psoriasis. Previous meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies revealed Reg-3 to be among new psoriasis susceptibility loci. Here we demonstrate that Reg-3 transcript levels are increased in psoriasis patient skin tissue and in an experimental model of psoriasis, supporting the immunomodulatory role of Reg-3 in psoriasis, possibly through degradation of mRNA for TNF and other factors such as Reg-1. On the other hand, Reg-1 was found to destabilize Reg-3 transcripts, suggesting reciprocal regulation between Reg-3 and Reg-1 in the skin. We found that either Reg-1 or Reg-3 were expressed in human keratinocytes in vitro. However, in contrast to robustly upregulated Reg-1 mRNA levels, Reg-3 expression was not affected in the epidermis of psoriasis patients. Taken together, these data suggest that epidermal levels of Reg-3 are negatively regulated by Reg-1 in psoriasis, and that Reg-1 and Reg-3 are both involved in psoriasis pathophysiology through controlling, at least in part different transcripts.

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Stamina-Enhancing Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.1177/09636897211035409 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 096368972110354

Author(s):

Eun-Jung Yoon ◽

Hye Rim Seong ◽

Jangbeen Kyung ◽

Dajeong Kim ◽

Sangryong Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Locomotor Activity ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Male Rats ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Serum Triglycerides

Stamina-enhancing effects of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) were investigated in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten-day-old male rats were transplanted intravenously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with hADSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat), and physical activity was measured by locomotor activity and rota-rod performance at post-natal day (PND) 14, 20, 30, and 40, as well as a forced swimming test at PND 41. hADSCs injection increased the moving time in locomotor activity, the latency in rota-rod performance, and the maximum swimming time. For the improvement of physical activity, ICV transplantation was superior to IV injection. In biochemical analyses, ICV transplantation of hADSCs markedly reduced serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, and muscular lipid peroxidation, the markers for muscular and hepatic injuries, despite the reduction in muscular glycogen and serum triglycerides as energy sources. Notably, hADSCs secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor in vitro, and increased the level of BDNF in the brain and muscles in vivo. The results indicate that hADSCs enhance physical activity including stamina not only by attenuating tissue injury, but also by strengthening the muscles via production of BDNF.

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