scholarly journals Raising a Child in the Era of Smartphones

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Rhea Savannah Murti
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Common ◽  
Child's Brain

In light of an increasing technological dependence for millenials, and the fact that members of this generation are starting to become parents, this paper examines a crucial area of technology use: how smartphone use impacts a parent's relationship with their child. Rather than looking at the issue of technology and parenting in the purely psychological context of affects on a child's brain development, as is most often the case, this paper takes a sociological perspective to focus on the bond between parent and child. This issue is only very recently starting to become of interest to researchers, so this paper consolidates existing work in the field to bring attention to the ways in which a parent's dependence on, and distraction with, their smartphone, is changing how they interact with their child. For future and current parents to learn to juggle technology use and sustainable practices of caring for their child, it is important that they are cognizant of the patterns of disengagement and dissatisfaction that are produced by the common habits of smartphone use. 

Brain development, infant communication, and empathy disorders: Intrinsic factors in child mental health

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colwyn Trevarthen ◽  
Kenneth J. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Child Mental Health ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Limbic Systems ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Cognition And Learning ◽  
Child's Brain

AbstractDisorders of emotion, communication, and learning in early childhood are considered in light of evidence on human brain growth from embryo stages. We cite microbehavioral evidence indicating that infants are born able to express the internal activity of their brains, including dynamic “motive states” that drive learning. Infant expressions stimulate the development of imitative and reciprocal relations with corresponding dynamic brain states of caregivers. The infant's mind must have an “innate self-with-other representation” of the inter-mind correspondence and reciprocity of feelings that can be generated with an adult.Primordial motive systems appear in subcortical and limbic systems of the embryo before the cerebral cortex. These are presumed to continue to guide the growth of a child's brain after birth. We propose that an “intrinsic motive formation” is assembled prenatally and is ready at birth to share emotion with caregivers for regulation of the child's cortical development, on which cultural cognition and learning depend.The intrinsic potentiality for “intersubjectivity” can be disorganized if the epigenetic program for the infant's brain fails. Indeed, many psychological disorders of childhood can be traced to faults in early stages of brain development when core motive systems form.

Sensitivity to financial rewards and impression management links to smartphone use and dependence

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
Graham Pluck ◽  
◽  
Pablo Emilio Barrera Falconi ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Reward Sensitivity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Observational Measures ◽  
Instant Messenger ◽  
Smartphone Use

Computational modeling and brain imaging studies suggest that sensitivity to rewards and behaviorist learning principles partly explain smartphone engagement patterns and potentially smartphone dependence. Responses to a questionnaire, and observational measures of smartphone use were recorded for 121 university students. Each participant was also tested with a laboratory task of reward sensitivity and a test of verbal operant conditioning. Twenty-three percent of the sample had probable smartphone addiction. Using multivariate regression, smartphone use, particularly the number of instant messenger services employed, was shown to be significantly and independently predicted by reward sensitivity (a positive relationship), and by instrumental conditioning (a negative relationship). However, the latter association was driven by a subset of participants who developed declarative knowledge of the response-reinforcer contingency. This suggests a process of impression management driven by experimental demand characteristics, producing goal-directed instrumental behavior not habit-based learning. No other measures of smartphone use, including the self-report scale, were significantly associated with the experimental tasks. We conclude that stronger engagement with smartphones, in particular instant messenger services, may be linked to people being more sensitive to rewarding stimuli, suggestive of a motivational or learning mechanism. We propose that this mechanism could underly problem smartphone use and dependence. It also potentially explains why some aspects of smartphone use, such as habitual actions, appear to be poorly measured by technology-use questionnaires. A serendipitous secondary finding confirmed that smartphone use reflected active self-presentation. Our ‘conditioning’ task-induced this behavior in the laboratory and could be used in social-cognition experimental studies.

scholarly journals Mobile Technology Use and Its Association With Executive Functioning in Healthy Young Adults: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Warsaw ◽  
Andrew Jones ◽  
Abigail K. Rose ◽  
Alice Newton-Fenner ◽  
Sophie Alshukri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Screen-based and mobile technology has grown at an unprecedented rate. However, little is understood about whether increased screen-use affects executive functioning (EF), the range of mental processes that aid goal attainment and facilitate the selection of appropriate behaviors. To examine this, a systematic review was conducted.Method: This systematic review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Web of Science, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus databases to identify articles published between 2007 and March 2020, examining the use of mobile technologies on aspects of EF in healthy adults aged 18–35 years. In total 6079 articles were screened by title, and 39 screened by full text. Eight eligible papers were identified for inclusion. Our methods were pre-registered on the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews.Results: A total of 438 participants were included across the eight studies. Five of the eight studies examined more than one EF. Five studies measured inhibition, and four studies measured decision-making. Smartphone use was negatively associated with inhibition and decision-making. Working memory performance was found to be improved by increased time engaging in video games and by refraining from smartphone use prior to bedtime. Quality assessments indicated high risk of methodological biases across the studies and a low quality of evidence for determining the relationship between technology use and executive functioning.Conclusions: This review highlights the scarcity of the literature in this area. It presents a call for rigorous and objective research to further our understanding of the impact of mobile technology on different aspects of executive function.

scholarly journals Restaurant’s Multidimensional Evaluation Concerning Food Quality, Service, and Sustainable Practices: A Cross-National Case Study of Poland and Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Trafialek ◽  
Ewa Czarniecka-Skubina ◽  
Jurgita Kulaitiené ◽  
Nijolė Vaitkevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Multidimensional Evaluation ◽  
Meal Quality ◽  
Food Losses ◽  
The Common ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Cross National

The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze consumer choices and evaluate the restaurant service quality, including quality of meals and services, and sustainability practices in restaurants in Warsaw and Kaunas. Our research was conducted using a sample of 1200 adult Poles and Lithuanians. Polish and Lithuanian consumers used catering services with varying frequencies. Different elements influenced their choice of restaurant. However, the common feature was the quality of meals, which in Lithuania was compared only with the price of meals, and with other elements in Poland. In the context of restaurant’s sustainable practices, it has been revealed that surveyed consumers had only partially fit into the contemporary consumption trends. In both countries, consumers have appreciated the use of reusable cutlery and crockery, as well as local and seasonal ingredients, while they did not pay attention to sustainable restaurant practices, such as the use of alternative sources of protein, environmentally friendly forms of energy, and reducing waste and minimization of food losses. The use of cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) allowed a comprehensive assessment of consumer opinions on restaurants in terms of meal quality and service as well as sustainable practices. Restaurateurs should monitor the satisfaction of their customers and recognize the changing needs and habits of consumers.

scholarly journals Farmer Awareness and Implementation of Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Different Types of Farms in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8022
Author(s):  
Monika Gebska ◽  
Anna Grontkowska ◽  
Wiesław Swiderek ◽  
Barbara Golebiewska
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common

Sustainability has been an emerging issue for years in the economy and agriculture. Making agriculture sustainable has become so essential that it has become part of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). However, producers ultimately decide individually the practices they implement. This is why farmers play a central role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system, which results from farmers’ knowledge and expectations. Although numerous studies address sustainability issues, little is known about farmers’ knowledge and implementation of sustainable practices at different types of farms, especially in central and eastern Europe. This study aimed to determine Polish farmers’ awareness of sustainability with regards to animal and crop production. This paper also shows how farmers value the advantages arising from sustainable production. The study was carried out among 300 farms classified by type (dairy, beef cattle, pork, and crop production). The research instrument used was a questionnaire, with the Likert scale. The results show that dairy farmers and pork farmers declared higher knowledge and better implement sustainable practices than other farmers. The producers’ views on the benefits coming from sustainable agriculture varied. However, the two most significant advantages were recognized—the protection of water against pollution and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals A ten-step behavioural intervention to reduce screen time and problematic smartphone use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. Olson ◽  
Dasha Sandra ◽  
Denis Chmoulevitch ◽  
Amir Raz ◽  
Samuel P. L. Veissière
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Problematic Smartphone Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Smartphone Use

Problematic smartphone use is rising across the world and has been associated with reductions in concentration and well-being. Few interventions aiming to reduce smartphone use take a multi-faceted approach that balances feasibility and effectiveness. We developed such an intervention with ten simple guidelines that nudge users to reduce their screen time (e.g., disabling non-essential notifications). Two pre-registered studies tested the intervention. Study 1 (N = 51) found reductions in screen time, problematic smartphone use, and depressive symptoms after two weeks. Study 2 (N = 70) found that the intervention caused larger changes in screen time, problematic smartphone use, and sleep quality than a control group of screen time monitoring alone. Our brief intervention reduced screen time by one hour per day and returned problematic smartphone use scores to normal levels for at least six weeks. This intervention provides simple, scalable, and feasible behavioural guidelines to promote healthy technology use.

scholarly journals Associations between symptoms of problematic smartphone, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram use: An item-level exploratory graph analysis perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Rozgonjuk ◽  
Cornelia Sindermann ◽  
Jon D. Elhai ◽  
Alexander P. Christensen ◽  
Christian Montag
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Item Level ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Smartphone Use

AbstractBackground and aimsStudies have demonstrated associations between both problematic smartphone and social networks use with everyday life adversities. However, examination of associations between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and problematic use of specific social networking platforms, especially on item-level data, has received relatively little attention. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore how items of problematic smartphone, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram use are associated.Methods949 German-speaking adults participated in a web survey study. The participants were queried about their socio-demographics as well as levels of problematic smartphone, Facebook, WhatsApp, and Instagram use. In addition to bivariate correlation analysis, exploratory graph analysis (EGA), a type of network analysis, was conducted.ResultsThe results showed that while problematic Facebook and Instagram use seem to be distinct phenomena, problematic smartphone and WhatsApp use were heavily intertwined. Furthermore, the only cross-platform symptom observed was the extent of reported pain in wrists and neck due to digital technology use. The EGA network models showed very good stability in bootstrap analyses.Discussion and conclusionsIn general, the results of this study suggest that while Instagram and Facebook use may potentially constitute distinct problematic behaviors, problematic smartphone/WhatsApp use scales may be measuring highly similar or even the same construct.

Running with the Pack

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mattson ◽  
Salvatore Aurigemma
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
High Status ◽  
Cultural Norm ◽  
Unacceptable Behavior ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
The Common ◽  
Use Of Social Media

Prior literature has utilized many theories to explain an organization's post-adoption technology use of social media platforms, but none of the common models include status as either a primary or a moderating variable. This is a significant gap in the literature because status is a structural enabler and inhibitor that determines acceptable and unacceptable behavior in a given setting. In an empirical study of Twitter and the cultural norm of retweeting for a sample of US colleges and universities, the authors demonstrate the following: (1) middle-status institutions had a higher likelihood of following the retweeting cultural norm relative to their high- and low-status counterparts, (2) middle- and low-status institutions who followed the retweeting cultural norm in a manner consistent with their status experienced greater post-adoption success relative to those institutions who did not, but the reverse was evident for high-status institutions (who appear to be rewarded for deviation from this cultural norm), and (3) the negative effect of deviating from retweeting cultural norms on post-adoption success is more pronounced with decreasing status.

Objectively-measured digital technology use does not predict within- or between-person increases in psychological distress among young adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Jeffrey Robb Sewall ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
Objectively Measured

Despite a plethora of research, the link between digital technology use (i.e., smartphones and social media) and psychological distress among young adults remains inconclusive. The relia-bility and validity of findings in this area are typically undermined by common methodological limitations related to measurement, study design, and statistical analysis. Addressing these limitations, we examined the prospective, within-person associations between three aspects of objectively-measured digital technology use (smartphone use duration, smartphone use frequency, and social media use duration) and three aspects of psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and social isolation) among a sample of young adults (N = 384). We found that the digital technology use -> psychological distress within-person lagged effects, as well as vice versa, were very small (Bs ≤ .10) and non-significant. This study is the first to examine the pro-spective association between objectively-measured digital technology use and psychological distress—providing much-needed clarification into this highly relevant area of research.

Project-as-Practice: Applying Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice on Project Managers

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-616
Author(s):  
Theodoros Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Vrassidas Leopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos Kirytopoulos ◽  
Zoe Ventoura
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Theory Of Practice ◽  
The Common ◽  
Human Side ◽  
Made In

Researchers have not studied the human side of project managers thoroughly. Decision-making mechanisms lie not only in technocratic knowledge but also in practitioners’ inner cultures and personal lifestyles. Highlighting the human (f)actor behind the strategic decisions made in projects reveals a new path for analyzing project managers. This article applies Bourdieu’s practice theory within the field of project management through a qualitative study into 17 successful and experienced Greek project managers. The results exhibit the common social characteristics of successful project managers and suggest that project managers must be viewed from a sociological perspective as well.

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