Drainage and retention enhancement of a wheat straw-containing pulp furnish using microparticle retention aids

The usage of non-wood pulps in furnishes for the production of various paper grades is a real alternative for the substitution of wood pulp in papermaking. In terms of the papermaking process, the main limiting factor for non-wood pulp utilization is poor dewatering. This problem can be partially solved by means of retention aids, and the modern microparticle-based retention aids are very promising for this application. In this study the main aim was to characterize how the microparticle retention systems affect the retention, dewatering, and formation of a non-wood pulp furnish and how these effects and mechanisms differ when compared to normal wood pulp. The performance of several commercially available retention aids was studied by making dynamic sheet forming tests for reference and an organosolv wheat straw furnish. The emphasis in the experiments was on drainage enhancement. The maximum drainage gain obtained with the bentonite-CPAM retention aid system was about 5%. Despite the improved drainage, dewatering of the reference furnish was better than for the non-wood containing furnish.

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE AMOUNT OF PROTEIN AND ENERGY IN THE RATION OF REPLACEMENT EWE LAMBS ON BODY WEIGHT GAINS AND WOOL PRODUCTION

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas59-010 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 64-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. Whiting ◽

S. B. Slen ◽

L. M. Bezeau

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Oat Hulls ◽

Digestible Energy ◽

Wool Production ◽

Ewe Lambs ◽

Weight Gains

Three experiments were carried out with replacement ewe lambs to determine the influence of feeding rations containing three levels of protein, each at two levels of digestible energy. The three levels of protein were approximately 8, 9.5, and 11 per cent in the first two experiments, and 6, 9, and 12 per cent in the third experiment.Increasing the amount of protein in the ration resulted in an increase (p <.05) in the apparent digestibility of the protein, but no change in the percentage of protein retained or in the digestibility of the dry matter and gross energy. Increasing the digestible energy content of the ration by substituting corn starch for wheat straw or oat hulls reduced (p <.05) the digestibility and retention of protein in Experiments 2 and 3, but had no effect in Experiment 1.Body weight gains and wool growth of lambs fed rations containing wheat straw or oat hulls did not increase to so great an extent as those fed corn starch. This would indicate that energy was a limiting factor for maximum production in the lower digestible energy rations. In general, weight gains and wool production increased (p <.05) when the daily intake of D.C.P. was increased from approximately 0.10 to 0.13 pounds. Increasing the D.C.P. from 0.13 to 0.16 pounds (0.19 in Experiment 3) caused no further increase in body gains but increased (p <.05) wool production.On the basis of these results, the average D.C.P. requirements of a ewe lamb weighing 85 pounds and consuming 1.3 pounds T.D.N. was 0.13 pounds (0.16 pounds when wool production was considered).

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Manipulasi Mikrohabitat Dengan Sistem Tanam Polikultur Sebagai Stabilizer Ekosistem Untuk Pengelolaan Hama dan Musuh Alami Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum Linn.)

Jurnal Pengendalian Hayati ◽

10.19184/jph.v2i2.17142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Rizal Sukarno ◽

Sigit Prastowo

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Block Design ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Pest Population ◽

Control Techniques ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Pest Insects ◽

Different Types ◽

Planting System ◽

Better Than

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) constitutes one of the commodities that has important meaning for Indonesian people with the limiting factor in the production is the pest attack. One of these pest control techniques is by controlling technical culture of polyculture planting system. This research was conducted in July to October 2019 which was located in Banyuputih Village, Wringin District, Bondowoso Regency. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with six treatment, namely: P1 = polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass; P2 = polyculture of shallot + celery; P3 = Polyculture of shallot + mustard; P4 = Polyculture of shallot + Lemongrass + mustard; P5 = Polyculture of shallot + celery + mustard; P6 = Monoculture of shallot. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Observation started at 30 days after planting. Data collection was done by observing directly on the sample plants. Sampling was carried out using Yellow trap and pit fall trap. Samples were taken at each plot 10 times with intervals of 4 days. Observations included collecting the pest insects and natural enemies that were found, counting the number of populations in each species, scoring towards the damage plants. The results showed that shallot planting by polyculture with different types of plants affected the population of pests and natural enemies as well as the level of diversity of insects in shallots. Planting shallots by polyculture has been proven to control pest populations compared to planting shallots by monoculture. Polyculture planting with two types of plants proved to be better than polyculture planting with three types of plants where the best treatment was found in P1, namely polyculture of shallot and lemongrass with the smallest pest population which was 17.5.

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PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ON PRODUCING ORGANIC VIDALIA ONIONS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.3.885c ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 885c-885

Author(s):

George E. Boyhan ◽

Raymond Hicks ◽

C. Randell Hill

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Practical Method ◽

Pine Straw ◽

Oat Straw ◽

Allelopathic Effects ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Future Work ◽

Better Than

There has been interest in producing Vidalia onions organically among both conventional and organic growers. In the 2000–01 season we began to look at producing onions organically. Starting with conventionally produced transplants that were transplanted at standard commercial spacings on beds prepared with 10.2–15.2 cm of incorporated compost and 2,802 kg·ha–1 rate of fresh poultry litter. This was sidedressed with an additional 2,500 less/acre (2,802 kg·ha–1) poultry litter. Yields were about half of conventional onion production. In 2002–03, production of organic transplants with 10.2 cm of incorporated compost with 2.24 t·ha–1 rate of poultry litter, which was followed by an additional sidedressing of 2.24 t·ha–1 rate of poultry litter resulted in similar findings. The weight of harvested transplants was about half that of conventionally produced transplants. In the 2002–03 and 2003–04 seasons various natural mulches were evaluated for weed control. They included wheat straw, oat straw, Bermuda hay, pine straw, and compost. None of these performed better than hand weeding and the wheat straw, oat straw, and Bermuda hay actually reduced yields apparently due to allelopathic effects. Finally in the 2003–04 season rates of poultry litter from 0–22.4 t·ha–1 were evaluated for transplant production with rates of 13.4, 17.9, and 22.4 t·ha–1 yielding plants comparable to conventional transplants. Work continues in the area of organic Vidalia onion production. One of the greatest challenge for future work will be finding a cost-effective and practical method of controlling weeds in transplant production.

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An Assessment Of An Amidolytic Assay For Factor VII In The Laboratory Control Of Oral Anticoagulants

10.1055/s-0038-1653085 ◽

1981 ◽

Author(s):

A Bodzenta ◽

Jean M Thomson ◽

Z S Latallo

Keyword(s):

Prothrombin Time ◽

Oral Anticoagulant ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Factor X ◽

Present Evidence ◽

Chromogenic Assay ◽

Better Than

An amidolytic assay for factor VII, modified from the method of Seligsohn et al (1978), has been compared with the results of the prothrombin time using British Comparative Thromboplastin, Thronbotest and a clotting assay for factor VII. In ‘long-term’ oral anticoagulant administration agreement with the conventional methods was good and better than in our previous study when amidolytic assays for factors II and X respectively were studied (Latallo et al 1981). The method appeared to be reasonably specific for factor VII.On the present evidence the chromogenic assay for factor VII offers a limited but apparently dependable guide to dosage but it is elaborate to perform and difficult to standardise. The main limiting factor for its routine application is the need to prepare a purified factor X extract.

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Can redshift errors bias measurements of the Hubble Constant?

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/stz2652 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 490 (2) ◽

pp. 2948-2957 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Tamara M Davis ◽

Samuel R Hinton ◽

Cullan Howlett ◽

Josh Calcino

Keyword(s):

Cosmological Parameters ◽

Hubble Constant ◽

Vertical Axis ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Cosmological Redshift ◽

Physical Effects ◽

Observational Errors ◽

Near Future ◽

Exhaustive List ◽

Better Than

ABSTRACT Redshifts have been so easy to measure for so long that we tend to neglect the fact that they too have uncertainties and are susceptible to systematic error. As we strive to measure cosmological parameters to better than 1 per cent it is worth reviewing the accuracy of our redshift measurements. Surprisingly small systematic redshift errors, as low as 10−4, can have a significant impact on the cosmological parameters we infer, such as H0. Here, we investigate an extensive (but not exhaustive) list of ways in which redshift estimation can go systematically astray. We review common theoretical errors, such as adding redshifts instead of multiplying by (1 + z); using v = cz; and using only cosmological redshift in the estimates of luminosity and angular diameter distances. We consider potential observational errors, such as rest wavelength precision, air to vacuum conversion, and spectrograph wavelength calibration. Finally, we explore physical effects, such as peculiar velocity corrections, galaxy internal velocities, gravitational redshifts, and overcorrecting within a bulk flow. We conclude that it would be quite easy for small systematic redshift errors to have infiltrated our data and be impacting our cosmological results. While it is unlikely that these errors are large enough to resolve the current H0 tension, it remains possible, and redshift accuracy may become a limiting factor in near future experiments. With the enormous efforts going into calibrating the vertical axis of our plots (standard candles, rulers, clocks, and sirens) we argue that it is now worth paying a little more attention to the horizontal axis (redshifts).

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Plant genotype, juvenility and mechanisms of inhibition of rooting Persoonia virgata R. Br. Cuttings

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea99048 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (8) ◽

pp. 1029 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. M. Bauer ◽

M. E. Johnston ◽

R. R. Williams

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Root Formation ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Stock Plant ◽

Plant Genotype ◽

Rooted Cuttings ◽

Selection Of ◽

Better Than

Summary. Persoonia virgata is an endemic shrub of Australia that is being bush-harvested for its foliage and sold on the domestic and export flower markets. The limiting factor to the cultivation of many desirable Persoonia species has been the extreme difficulty in developing a reliable propagation system. This study investigated the effects of cutting type, maturity of the stock plant, and genotype, on the rooting of P. virgata cuttings. It was found that juvenile cuttings rooted significantly better than mature cuttings. Some juvenile seedling genotypes yielded no rooted cuttings, whereas others produced up to 90% rooting. No anatomical barrier to root formation was discovered. High performance liquid chromatography showed differences in the abundance of unidentified compounds in cuttings, related to season and to genotypic differences in rooting abilities. A possible seasonal rooting inhibitor was present in some genotypes. The potential for selection of genotypes with improved rooting ability has been demonstrated.

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Stereophotogrammetry for measuring rates of cutaneous healing: A comparison with conventional techniques

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0710437 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 437-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

C. J. K. Bulstrode ◽

A. W. Goode ◽

P. J. Scott

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Clinical Situation ◽

Edge Length ◽

Measuring System ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Leg Ulcers ◽

Two Systems ◽

Length And Area ◽

Chronic Leg Ulcers ◽

Better Than

1. A portable stereocamera linked to a computer has been developed capable of taking photographs in the clinical situation. 2. The accuracy and precision of this system has been measured and compared with direct tracing and simple photography, the two systems currently in use for this type of work. It was found to have a precision of better than 2% and to be accurate to within 1% for edge length and area in models of chronic leg ulcers whose dimensions were known exactly. These results are between five and ten times better than direct tracing and simple photography measured under similar circumstances. 3. When used on patients' ulcers, stereophotogrammetry was found to have a precision of 2% for edge length and 3.4% for area, again between five and ten times more accurate than the other two systems. 4. The accuracy with which an epithelial edge can be identified with the naked eye, a possible limiting factor in any visual measuring system, was measured on fixed preparations of healing wounds on pigs. The mean error was found to be 240 μm with a confidence limit of 440 μm. 5. Finally, the rate of healing of chronic leg ulcers was measured in a clinical trial on patients. Only stereophotogrammetry had errors consistently smaller than the changes being measured in the clinical trial, making it the only system which can validly be used to study rates of healing in this model. It is also able to measure volume to within 5% and is unique in being able to do this non-invasively.

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Evaluation of a Method of Separating Agarwood Absolute from Aquilaria crassna Pulp by Soxhlet and Soaking for Fixative Substance in Blending Fragrance

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2021/v7i330156 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 27-35

Author(s):

Le Huy Hai ◽

Le Mai Xuan Truc ◽

Nguyen Quoc Trung

Keyword(s):

Research Team ◽

Soxhlet Extraction ◽

Wood Pulp ◽

Diethyl Phthalate ◽

Immersion Method ◽

Agarwood Resin ◽

Aquilaria Crassna ◽

Better Than

Agarwood resin is a precious material that has been widely used in industry and life. The aim of this study is the evaluation of a method of separating Aquilaria crassna wood pulp with ethanol by Soxhlet and solvent immersion method for fixative substance in blending fragrance. Agarwood pulp of Aquilaria crassna tree is grown in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. Our research team has extracted the Agarwood absolute F.1 and F.2 from Aquilaria crassna by Soxhlet extraction and soaking method. The fragrance is diluted 10 times by odorless solvent diethyl phthalate (DEP), then use paper and olfactory of the nose to evaluate the aroma. The yield of absolute Agarwood extracted by the method of Soxhlet is 5.56% weight. The yield of Agarwood absolute extracted by the method of soaking is 4.58% weight. Agarwood absolute F.1 is a fixative substance, which is capable of storing fragrance better than Agarwood absolute F.2. The scent of fragrance Fr.F.2 using Agarwood absolute F.2 is more like a natural scent than fragrance Fr.F.1 with fixative F.1. Separating Agarwood absolute F.1 from Aquilaria crassna pulp by Soxhlet provided yield and fixative capabilities higher than separating Agarwood absolute F.2 from Aquilaria crassna pulp by soaking. The scent of fragrance Fr.F.2 using Agarwood absolute F.2 is more like a natural scent than fragrance Fr.F.1 with Agarwood absolute F.1.

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Biosorption of nickel and zinc ions on wheat straw

10.32920/ryerson.14643825.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Khurram Shahzad Baig

Keyword(s):

Wheat Straw ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Metallic Ions ◽

Ionic System ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Simulated Wastewater ◽

Removal Of Metal Ions ◽

The Cost ◽

Potential Use ◽

Better Than

This study investigates the potential use of wheat straw (Tritium sativum) which is an agricultural by-product for the removal of Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺ from the waste water discharges. Scanning Electron Microscope was used to obtain images of the surface of wheat straw (WS) and Electron Disperive Spectroscopy was employed in elemental analysis of wheat straw, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to get informations about the chemcial interaction of the wheat straw surface with the sorbed metallic ions. Simulated wastewater containing Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺ was subjected to biosorption by WS. The effect of initial concentration, pH and temperature on the removal of metal ions on WS was investigated. For varied initial metal concentrations from 5 to 150 ppm the biosorption equilibrium was achieved between 2.5 to 5 hours. The percentage removal of sorption decreases with increasing concentration. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freudlich and Temkin isotherms model fits better than the other two of single ionic system. For binary ionic system IAS-Freudndlich model served best. In addition the sorption by wheat straw conformed to pseudo second order kinetics with a good value of coefficient of determination (r² > 0.99). Free energy of biosorption ΔG°, enthalpy ΔH° and entropy ΔS° changes were also estimated and used to predict the nature of biosorption. The capacity of the sorption of wheat straw was compared with other common available sorbent. On the basis of sorption capacity, regenerate ability and the cost analysis we can conclude that WS could be used as a sorbent material for removal N²⁺ and Zn²⁺ from an aqueous solution.

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A Combinatorial Proteomic Biomarker Assay to Detect Ovarian Cancer in Women

Biomarkers in Cancer ◽

10.1177/1179299x18756646 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 1179299X1875664 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meredith C Henderson ◽

Michael Silver ◽

Sherri Borman ◽

Quynh Tran ◽

Elias Letsios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

General Population ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Ca 125 ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Ovarian Malignancy ◽

Better Than ◽

Rule Out

Ovarian cancer is often fatal and incidence in the general population is low, underscoring the necessity (and the challenges) for advancements in screening and early detection. The goal of this study was to design a serum-based biomarker panel and corresponding multivariate algorithm that can be used to accurately detect ovarian cancer. A combinatorial protein biomarker assay (CPBA) that uses CA125, HE4, and 3 tumor-associated autoantibodies resulted in an area under the curve of 0.98. The CPBA Ov algorithm was trained using subjects who were suspected to have gynecological cancer and were scheduled for surgery. As a surgical rule-out test, the clinical performance achieves 100% sensitivity and 83.7% specificity. Although sample size (n = 60) is a limiting factor, the CPBA Ov algorithm performed better than either CA-125 alone or the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm.

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