scholarly journals Evaluation of a Method of Separating Agarwood Absolute from Aquilaria crassna Pulp by Soxhlet and Soaking for Fixative Substance in Blending Fragrance

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Le Huy Hai ◽  
Le Mai Xuan Truc ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Trung
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
Diethyl Phthalate ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Agarwood Resin ◽  
Aquilaria Crassna ◽  
Better Than

Agarwood resin is a precious material that has been widely used in industry and life. The aim of this study is the evaluation of a method of separating Aquilaria crassna wood pulp with ethanol by Soxhlet and solvent immersion method for fixative substance in blending fragrance. Agarwood pulp of Aquilaria crassna tree is grown in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. Our research team has extracted the Agarwood absolute F.1 and F.2 from Aquilaria crassna by Soxhlet extraction and soaking method. The fragrance is diluted 10 times by odorless solvent diethyl phthalate (DEP), then use paper and olfactory of the nose to evaluate the aroma. The yield of absolute Agarwood extracted by the method of Soxhlet is 5.56% weight. The yield of Agarwood absolute extracted by the method of soaking is 4.58% weight. Agarwood absolute F.1 is a fixative substance, which is capable of storing fragrance better than Agarwood absolute F.2. The scent of fragrance Fr.F.2 using Agarwood absolute F.2 is more like a natural scent than fragrance Fr.F.1 with fixative F.1. Separating Agarwood absolute F.1 from Aquilaria crassna pulp by Soxhlet provided yield and fixative capabilities higher than separating Agarwood absolute F.2 from Aquilaria crassna pulp by soaking. The scent of fragrance Fr.F.2 using Agarwood absolute F.2 is more like a natural scent than fragrance Fr.F.1 with Agarwood absolute F.1.

scholarly journals Same useful fixative from resin in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 088-094
Author(s):  
Le Huy Hai ◽  
Le Mai Xuan Truc ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Trung
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Resin ◽  
Volatile Solvents ◽  
Canarium Album ◽  
Agarwood Resin ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Aquilaria Crassna ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Better Than

Today, fixatives from natural raw materials are gradually replacing fixatives synthesized from chemicals. The arm of this research is the study of same useful resin in Vietnam for fixative substance in blending fragrance. We obtained Benzoin resin from Styrax tonkenensis Pierre plant in Ha Giang province, Canarium resin from Canarium Album L. in Dak Nong district, Dak Lak province, and Agarwood pulp of Aquilaria crassna plant in Binh Thuan province Vietnam. The material used in the experiment for the natural fragrance was taken from the project of Vietnam essential oils and related natural products. The method of this process is resin extraction by volatile solvents. The resin is dissolved in alcohol 96% and the distilled alcohol is removed to obtain absolute. The method of assessment of product quality in this study is using the olfactory to assess the odour of samples over time. Benzoin resin, Canarium resin, and Agarwood resin of Vietnam are useful fixatives in blending fragrance. The fixative ability of Benzoin resin absolute is not equal to the ability of Agarwood resin absolute but better than the ability of Canarium resin absolute. Through research and experiment, we can see Benzoin resin, Canarium resin and Agarwood resin are precious. They can be used as a good fixative in aromatherapy. This is a natural resin, a kind of resource available in Vietnam. Therefore, it is recommended for further research, exploitation, and effective use of this resource.

Study on Soil Properties towards Formation of High Quality Agarwood Resin in Aquilaria crassna

2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Mohd Syafik Mohamad Hamdan ◽  
Mohd Azrul Hisham Ismail ◽  
Siti Hajar Noor Shaarani ◽  
Saiful Nizam bin Tajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Induction Technique ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Agarwood Resin ◽  
Aquilaria Crassna

Agarwood has been used for its fragrance and medicinal properties in Asian culture for centuries. In recent years, agarwood gains its popularity in the west due to its usage in perfume formulation. Unfortunately its supply not meets the augmentation market demand. This is mostly because of depleting nature agarwood reservoir and lack of induction technique that can produce agarwood consistently in the plantation. In this study, we look into a case where artificial inducing technique successfully produced high quality agarwood. To assure its quality, agarwood chip was analysed by Gas Chromatography for its chemical profiles. Discovered compounds were identified as sesquiterpene group which also had been characterized as major agarwood compound listed on previous studies. Few compounds that are detected such as δ-cadinene (0.20%), jinkoh-eremol (22.09%), epi-α-cadinol (4.74%), agarospirol (3.75%) and others. Soil condition that contributes into this agarwood formation; soil analysis on physical properties, chemical properties and nutrients content of the soil have been analyzed. Based on the findings, soil condition is an important factor to successfully induced high quality agarwood.

Effect of Substrate's Surface Oxidation State on Optical Absorption Property of Au/Si-NPA

2014 ◽  
Vol 924 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Xiao Nan Fu ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Yan Wei Luo ◽  
Xin Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Absorption Property ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Optical Absorption Property ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Better Than

Two types of Au/Si-NPA samples based on different surface oxidation state were prepared by immersion method. Their surface morphology and optical absorption property were also investigated. The results showed, due to the different deposition region of Au nanoparticles, their surface morphology and structure were quite different, and their absorption curves were also different. Optical absorption property of samples prepared on aged substrate was better than those of prepared on fresh substrate, except 15 minutes samples.

scholarly journals Identification and Heme Polymerization Inhibition Activity (HPIA) Assay of Ethanolic Extract and Fraction of Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga Val.) Rhizome

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Dhina Fitriastuti ◽  
Tatang Shabur Julianto ◽  
Annisa Wahyu Nur Iman
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Better Than

Curcuma mangga Val. is one of Indonesian herbs from Zingiberaceae family that is under explored and could contain potentially active substances to serve as an antimalarial. This research intends not only to examine the antimalarial activity by means of heme polymerization inhibitor mechanism by using the ethanolic extract and fraction of Curcuma mangga Val. but also to identify its compound classification. The extract of temu manga was obtained by Soxhlet extraction method using ethanol solvent followed by fractionation using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography with solvent sequence n-hexane, n-hexane: ethyl acetate (2:1), ethyl acetate and ethanol. The extract and fraction were analyzed by using LC-MS and GC-MS. Activities of hem polymerization inhibition showed by IC50 values which were obtained from analysis of relationship between concentration sample and the percentage of inhibition using the PROBIT on statistical software. The result of HPIA assay shows that the IC50 value of ethanolic extract and ethanolic fraction of Curcuma mangga Val. rhizome are 2.273 and 1.479 mg/mL, respectively. It clearly shows that the heme polymerization inhibition activity of ethanolic fraction relatively better than that of ethanolic extract. Phytochemical screening determines the ethanolic extract contains saponin, terpenoid, and phenol while the ethanolic fraction contains terpenoid. Thus, terpenoid compound is presumed to be the inhibitor of heme polymerization. The results of analysis with LC-MS and GC-MS showed that the active compounds suspected to inhibit heme polymerization in ethanolic extract and fraction were (E) -labda-8 (17), 12-dien-15,16-dial and di-n-octyl phthalate, respectively. Keywords: antimalarial, Curcuma mangga Val., heme polymerization

scholarly journals A REVIEW: AQUILARIA SPECIES AS POTENTIAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Nelly Marliani
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Ache Inhibitor ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Aquilaria Sinensis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
Agarwood Resin ◽  
Aquilaria Crassna

One of the plants that is rich in benefits is from the genus Aquilaria spp. which is known to be able to produce agarwood resin. This genus includes 47 species, of which the four main species are Aquilaria malaccensis, Aquilaria subintegra, Aquilaria crassna and Aquilaria sinensis. Aquilaria species are known to have a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity and have been reported in many studies, including activity, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, AChE inhibitor (Acetylcholinesterase), anti-proliferative, and antidiabetic. The aim of this review is to expand information on the pharmacological activity of various Aquilaria species that can support future studies in the medical field of medicine.

scholarly journals Drainage and retention enhancement of a wheat straw-containing pulp furnish using microparticle retention aids

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 791-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Vishtal ◽  
Päivi Rousu ◽  
Tom Hultholm ◽  
Kati Turku ◽  
Petteri Paananen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
Sheet Forming ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Normal Wood ◽  
Retention Aids ◽  
Wood Pulps ◽  
Better Than

The usage of non-wood pulps in furnishes for the production of various paper grades is a real alternative for the substitution of wood pulp in papermaking. In terms of the papermaking process, the main limiting factor for non-wood pulp utilization is poor dewatering. This problem can be partially solved by means of retention aids, and the modern microparticle-based retention aids are very promising for this application. In this study the main aim was to characterize how the microparticle retention systems affect the retention, dewatering, and formation of a non-wood pulp furnish and how these effects and mechanisms differ when compared to normal wood pulp. The performance of several commercially available retention aids was studied by making dynamic sheet forming tests for reference and an organosolv wheat straw furnish. The emphasis in the experiments was on drainage enhancement. The maximum drainage gain obtained with the bentonite-CPAM retention aid system was about 5%. Despite the improved drainage, dewatering of the reference furnish was better than for the non-wood containing furnish.

Extraction Efficiencies for Pesticides in Crops: 14C-Benomyl Extraction from Mustard Greens and Radishes

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1290
Author(s):  
Willis B Wheeler ◽  
Neal P Thompson ◽  
Pio Andrade ◽  
Richard T Krause
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Better Than

Abstract 14C-labeled benomyl [methyl l-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate] suspended in a commercial benomyl formulation was sprayed on mustard greens and radishes. At 3 intervals after application, the crops were extracted with methanol, acetonitrile, or acetone. Crops were either blended and leached or repetitively blended followed by Soxhlet extraction. Essentially all olF the extractable radioactivity was removed by blending. The 14C was more difficult to extract from radishes than from mustard greens as time increased. Respective percentages of 14C extracted at 1, 7, and 14 days were 99, 98, and 97 jFrom mustard greens and 96, 88, and 79 from radishes. Methanol exhibited the highest extraction efficiency, and the blend-Soxhlet process was better than the blend-leach process. Thin layer ihromatography of the organic-soluble extracts indicated that the majority of 14C was recovered as methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate (MBC), a breakdown product of benomyl. Acid hydrolysis of the extracted tissues released 30–50% of the residual 14C.

Improved Extraction of Atrazine and Metolachlor in Field Soil Samples

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-446
Author(s):  
Lee Q Huang ◽  
Joseph J Pignatello
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Decomposition Reactions ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A method was developed for extraction of weathered residues of atrazine and metolachlor from field soils; soils had last been treated with commercial formulations of the herbicides 8-15 months prior to sample collection. Maximum yields were obtained by batch extraction at 75 °C for 2-16 h with methanol-water (80 + 20) In a sealed vial. Hydrolysis or other decomposition reactions were minor or negligible, depending on the extraction time. This method is an improvement over published methods that are validated by spike recoveries; the proposed method gives 1.7-1.8 times higher yields compared to shaking for 2 h at room temperature, and 1.3-1.8 times higher yields compared to Soxhlet extraction. The reproducibility of the method was better than 12%. The results underscore the Impact of nonequllibrlum sorption of organic compounds on analytical methodology and emphasize the need to validate extraction methods with field samples

scholarly journals Off to the Races

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (01) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Dan Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Race Car ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
Race Car Drivers ◽  
Will Force ◽  
Self Driving Cars ◽  
Better Than

This article is on the efforts that are being made to manufacture and launch automatic cars successfully. Chris Gerdes and his team have been doing research and putting lot of efforts in designing self-driving cars that can handle emergencies even better than the very best human drivers. The research team studies professional race car drivers to learn minutest details for their algorithms and measurements. In a way, the research team analysts teach a car to drive like a race car driver - to calculate when to brake before a turn, how much to let up on the brake entering a turn, and how much to throttle coming out of it. Impressive for a car with no driver, however, Gerdes and his team want to raise the stakes. However, the team’s autonomous cars have operated alone on the tracks or roads. Now, Gerdes is ready to test them in traffic and on icy roads that will force the automated cars to adapt driving tactics midstream.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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