scholarly journals Relating fitness phenotypes to genotypes in Lithuanian elite athletes

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Valentina GINEVIČIENĖ ◽  
Erinija PRANCKEVIČIENĖ ◽  
Kazys MILAŠIUS ◽  
Vaidutis KUČINSKAS
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Logistic Regression Modelling ◽  
Athlete Group

Background. We aim to link fitness-related genotypes to the development of specific physical fitness phenotypes and a predisposition towards a specific sport category in Lithuanian elite athletes. Materials and methods. The study involved 193 athletes (152 male and 41 female) and 250 controls. The athletes were stratified into four groups: endurance, mixed sports, speed / power, and team sports. Genotypes of the athletes were identified according to the genetic polymorphisms: ACE (rs1799752), ACTN3 (rs1815739), PPARGC1A (rs8192678) and PPARA (rs4253778). One-way analysis of variance and logistic regression modelling were used for testing the genotype–phenotype association. Results. The frequency of ACE I allele was higher in athletes than in controls, although only male athletes showed a significant difference from male controls. The PPARA C allele was more common in the athlete group than in the general population of Lithuania. There were no significant ACTN3 and PPARGC1A SNP allele / genotype frequency differences between the athlete group and the controls. We have found that the ACTN3 RR genotype is associated with single muscular contraction power; the PPARGC1A Ser482Ser was associated with the muscle fat mass index; the PPARA CC and ACE II genotypes are associated with the muscle mass and single muscular contraction power. The effect of the gene variants was different for male and female athletes. Conclusions. The ACE II, PPARA CC, ACTN3 RR genotypes are related to the speed/power sports and the ACE DD, PPARA GG are related to the endurance sports in Lithuanian athletes. PPARGC1A Ser482Ser may be not critical but rather additive to endurance performance. Keywords: physical performance, ACE, ACTN3, PPARGC1A and PPARA genetic variants, sport category

Group Cohesion and Self-Handicapping in Female and Male Athletes

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Hausenblas ◽  
Albert V. Carron
Keyword(s):  
Physical State ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
The Self ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

There were two main purposes in the present study. The first was to identify the nature of the self-handicaps reported by elite female and male athletes (N = 245). School commitments and sport problems represented the most frequently cited impediments. Female athletes reported a significantly greater number of disruptions and had a greater tendency to report that sport problems, physical state/illness, and family/friend problems hindered their preparation. The second purpose was to determine whether cohesion would moderate the extent to which athletes would use self-handicapping strategies prior to competition. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that cohesion was a moderator in the relationship between the trait of self-handicapping (Excuse Making) and the use of self-handicapping for both female and male elite athletes. Results of post hoc analyses indicated that athletes who were highly predisposed to self-handicap and who perceived their group as more cohesive, had a greater tendency to proactively perceive impediments to subsequent performance.

scholarly journals Examination of the Psychological Resilience of Athletes Dealing With Different Team Sports

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Erol Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
Training History ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regular Training

The purpose of this study is to examine the psychological resilience of athletes who are dealing with different sports teams. 300 hundred male athletes ( football; 80, volleyball 80, basketball; 80, and handball; 60) who involved in different sports teams with at least five years of regular training history were included in the study. The psychological resilience scale developed by Friborget al. (2003) was used to determine the psychological resilience of the subjects. SPSS 22.0 program was used in the statistical analysis of the study. When the results of the study were examined, no statistically significant difference was found in the psychologic durability levels of the athletes dealing with the fields of football, basketball, volleyball, and handball (p>0.05). As a result, it was observed that male athletes dealing with different kinds of team sports had similar psychological resilience levels. It is thought that this is due to the fact that all athletes adapt themselves to the needs of their branches with extra motivation for success and for proving their talents within the team for success.

scholarly journals THYROID STATUS OF ATHLETES IN VARIOUS DISCIPLINES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
R Radzhabkadiev ◽  
K Vybornaya ◽  
C Lavrinenko ◽  
A Vasilev
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Normal Limits

Aim. The article deals with the assessment of the thyroid status of athletes engaged in physical activity of varying intensity. Materials ant methods. 146 elite athletes involved in bobsleigh, biathlon, shooting and snowboarding participated in the study. We determined the serum concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (f.T3), free thyroxin (f.T4) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-ab) with the COBAS e411 immunochemistry analyzer (Roche, Germany). The integral thyroid index ((f.T3 + f.T4)/TSH) was used for the assessment of the level of function of the thyroid proper. The conversion index of thyroxin to triiodothyronine (f.T4/ f.T3) was also studied. Results. 40 % of the bobsleigh athletes examined and 29 % of the snowboarders had high serum f.T3. The concentration of f.T4 in all examined athletes both male and female was within normal limits. Approximately 25 % of the male athletes examined had low II values. Among female athletes, 25 % of shooters and 33 % of bobsleigh athletes had low II values. In male biathletes and bobsleigh athletes, TPO-ab was 56 % higher than in shooters and snowboarders. In 43 % of bobsleigh athletes, 19 % of shooters, 10 % of biathletes and snowboarders, the content of TSH in males exceeded the reference intervals. Among females, TSH was high in 25 % of shooters and bobsleigh athletes. Conclusion. There were no statistically significant differences in the content of thyroid hormones in the compared sports groups, which can probably be explained by the activity of deiodinases at the local, intracellular level. At the same time, in a large number of respondents surveyed, the indicators of II and TPO-ab were outside the physiological norm.

scholarly journals Diferencias de sexo respecto de la ansiedad asociada a la competición deportiva (Gender differences in relation to anxiety associated with sports competitions)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ponseti Verdaguer ◽  
Alexandre García Más ◽  
Jaume Cantallops Ramón ◽  
Josep Vidal Conti
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Competitive Sports ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multidimensional Concept

El presente trabajo retoma y actualiza las relaciones entre sexo y ansiedad en los deportes de competición. Se analizan las relaciones existentes entre el sexo, la ansiedad competitiva y el tipo de deporte practicado. Se han estudiado 126 deportistas federados de ambos sexos (43 nadadores y 83 baloncestistas), con una edad media de 14.85 años (DE= 2.41), durante la temporada 2013-14, a los cuales se les administró la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva (SAS-2). Los resultados muestran que existe un nivel mayor de ansiedad competitiva en las mujeres que en los varones, de forma similar a hallazgos anteriores, aunque los resultados también indican diferencias entre deportes individuales y colectivos, así como diferencias entre los valores de los tres componentes de la ansiedad competitiva: somática, promotora de desconcentración y de preocupación por el rendimiento. Así, las mujeres muestran una mayor preocupación por el rendimiento y ansiedad somática que los hombres. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados en función de otros hallazgos y del concepto multidimensional de la ansiedad competitiva.Abstract. The relationship between gender and anxiety in competitive sports has been taken up and updated by this research. In fact, we analyzed the relation between gender, anxiety, and sports modalities. The study sample was composed by 126 federated female and male athletes (43 swimmers and 83 basketball players), with a mean age of 14.85 years (SD=2.41), during the season 2013-14. Athletes were administered the Spanish adapted version of Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). In line with previous findings, our results show that female athletes have higher competitive anxiety than their male colleagues. In addition, differences were found between individual and team sports, as well as comparing the values of the three components of competitive anxiety: somatic, lack of concentration, and concerns about performance. Women show greater concern about their performance, as well as higher somatic anxiety than men. Finally, the results are discussed and compared with other findings and with the multidimensional concept of competitive anxiety.

scholarly journals Sleep-Wake Cycle of Elite Athletes Prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
F V Narciso ◽  
A Silva ◽  
DF Rodrigues ◽  
JPP Rosa ◽  
F Viegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Individual Sports

Objective: To analyze chronotype, duration and quality of sleep among elite athletes, to compare differences in sleep variables between sex, and to compare differences between athletes of individual and team sports. Method: The sample included 70 Brazilian elite athletes of both sex (male=37; female=33) with a mean age 23.0 ± 4.0 years old. To measure sleep-wake cycle, athletes wore an actigraph on the wrist for 10 days. Moreover, athletes answered the chronotype questionnaire of Horne and Östberg. Results: The most athletes are intermediate-type (n=55, 78.6%), with a mean of 07h:18min of sleep per night. The athletes demonstrated higher sleep fragmentation (39.26 ± 23.66 minutes) and higher sleep latency (30.88 ± 16.19 minutes) during pre-competition training days. Additionally, the athletes of individual sports demonstrated more fragmentation (p<0.001) and less sleep efficiency (p<0.001) compared athletes of team sports. However, there was no significant difference in all sleep variables between the male and female sex. Conclusion: The overall elite athletes presented poor sleep quality during the training periods prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and individual athletes showed higher fragmentation and poorer sleep efficiency compared to team athletes.

scholarly journals The Knowledge and The Hydration Status of Junior Martial Art Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Ajeng Sindi Tirtasari ◽  
Kunjung Ashadi
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Martial Art ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of fluids in the body during training for youth athletes of martial arts. The research method uses descriptive quantitative. Data collection techniques were obtained from urine tests, interviews, and multiple choice questions on 10 athletes consisting of five male athletes and five female athletes of martial art with a maximum age criteria of 18 years. Data analysis techniques used mean, standard deviation, percentage, graph, normality, and different test Paired Sample T Test to find out the difference in the mean. Athletes' knowledge of hydration was in the moderate category and there was a significant difference (Sig. <0.05) in the average hydration before and after training by the Madiun Regency martial art athletes.  

scholarly journals Leg Volume and Mass Scales of Elite Male and Female Athletes in Some Olympic Sports

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Sevde Mavi Var ◽  
Irfan MARANGOZ
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Statistics Analysis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Package Program

This study aims to scale average leg volume and mass scales of elite male and female athletes in some olympicsports. A total of 280 elite athletes comprising of 200 males and 80 females studying at School of Physical Educationand Sports at University of Kirsehir Ahi Evran voluntarily participated in this study. Frustum and Hanavan methodswere used to determine leg volume and mass, respectively. SPSS 22.0 package program for Windows was used fordescriptive statistics analysis of the study. The present study found average leg volume and mass scale of maleathletes in football, basketball, volleyball, handball, gymnastics and wrestling and female athletes in football,basketball, volleyball, handball, gymnastics, box, taekwondo and tennis. It was observed in the related scale that legvolume of the athletes in the lowest weight classes in weight sports were lower. In other words, leg volume and massof the athletes were in direct proportion to their weight class. When the scale of female athletes is analyzed, it can benoted that volleyball players have the highest leg volume and mass among team sports players.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Sports Specialization in NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletics

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596711882117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasani W. Swindell ◽  
Melanie L. Marcille ◽  
David P. Trofa ◽  
Franklin E. Paulino ◽  
Natasha N. Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Division I ◽  
P Value ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Individual Sports

Background: Youth sports specialization has become more prevalent despite consequences such as increased injury rates and burnout. Young athletes, coaches, and parents continue to have misconceptions about the necessity of sports specialization, giving athletes the encouragement to focus on a single sport at a younger age. Purpose: To characterize the motivations for specialization and determine when elite athletes in various individual and team sports made the decision to specialize. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A Likert-style survey was developed and distributed to athletes from two National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I institutions. The survey’s Flesch-Kincaid grade level was 6.3. Statistical analysis was performed via the Student t test, where a P value less than .05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 303 athletes with a mean ± SD age of 19.9 ± 1.52 years across 19 sports were surveyed; 94.7% of specialized athletes had previously played another organized sport prior to college, and 45% of athletes had played multiple sports up to age 16 years. The mean age of specialization was 14.9 years, with a significant difference between athletes competing in team (15.5 years) and individual (14.0 years) sports ( P = .008). Males in individual sports specialized earlier than those in team sports ( P ≤ .001). Nearly one-fifth (17.4%) of athletes reported specializing at age 12 years or earlier. Personal interest, skill level, time constraints, and potential scholarships were the most important reasons for specialization overall. For individual sports, the motivations for specialization were similar, but collegiate ( P < .001) or professional ( P < .001) ambitions were significantly larger contributing factors. Conclusion: Early sports specialization is uncommon among NCAA Division I athletes for most team sports, whereas individual sports tend to have athletes who specialize earlier and are more motivated by professional and collegiate goals. This study characterized the timing of specialization among elite athletes, providing a basis for understanding the motivations behind youth sports specialization. Physicians should be prepared to discuss the misconception that early sports specialization is necessary or common among most team-focused collegiate-level athletes. Knowing the motivations for sports specialization will guide clinicians in their discussions with youth athletes.

scholarly journals BODY COMPOSITION AMONG UNIVERSITY FEMALE ATHLETES OF TEAM SPORTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Carlos Alencar Souza Alves Junior ◽  
Mikael Seabra Moraes ◽  
Cassiano Schuaste de Souza ◽  
Giovani Costa ◽  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Menstrual Irregularities

ABSTRACT Introduction: The assessment of body composition in female athletes of different sports is important for health monitoring. Objective: To compare body composition in university athletes of different team sports (indoor soccer, flag football and volleyball). Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with 45 female athletes, aged 18 to 35 years (22.8 ± 3.55). The dependent variables were body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) measured by air displacement plethysmography. Bone mineral content, adjusted for height (BMC/height) and bone mineral density (BMD), were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The independent variable was sport [flag football (n = 12); indoor soccer (n = 20); volleyball (n = 13)] and the covariates were age (complete years), training volume (minutes per week) and length of time playing the sport (complete years). Analysis of covariance was used. Results: Adjusting the model for covariates, volleyball athletes (19.27 kg ± 2.20) presented higher FM values compared to the flag football (16.00 kg ± 1.70) and indoor soccer players (12.20 kg ± 1.30). There was no significant difference in FFM, BMC/height and total BMD between sports, even after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Volleyball athletes presented higher FM compared to flag football and indoor soccer athletes. There were no differences in FFM, BMC/height and BMD among the players of the different team sports. This study can help coaches and other sports professionals to prevent injuries to athletes in sports such as higher FM (volleyball), or to prevent diseases such as menstrual irregularities, which are common in athletes who may have low levels of body fat (indoor soccer players), this being one of the risk factors for the female athlete triad (eating disorders, menstrual irregularities and low BMD). Level of evidence III; Retrospective comparative study .

scholarly journals Perfectionism, Self-Esteem, and the Will to Win Among Adolescent Athletes: The Effects of the Level of Achievements and Gender

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Dilsad Ahmed ◽  
Walter King Yan Ho ◽  
Shaheen Begum ◽  
Guillermo Felipe López Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Need For Approval ◽  
The Will ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
Fit Index

This study examined the relationships between perfectionism, self-esteem, and the will to win and the effects of gender and the level of achievement on these variables. A total of 318 adolescents in the age group of 12–19 years (M = 16.10 ± 1.01) completed the self-esteem questionnaire, the will-to-win questionnaire, and the perfectionism inventory. Interstate level (ISL) athletes obtained higher scores than interdistrict level (IDL) athletes on the following variables: self-esteem, the will to win, and four of the eight dimensions of perfectionism (i.e., concern over mistakes, the need for approval, organization, and planfulness). Further, male athletes obtained higher self-esteem and perfectionism (i.e., the need for approval and rumination) scores than female athletes. Self-esteem, the will to win, and the dimensions of perfectionism were positively and significantly interrelated. However, one dimension, namely, perceived parental pressure, was unrelated to any factor except striving for excellence. Further, the will to win, concern over mistakes, high standard for others, and planfulness were unrelated to striving for excellence. The results of the discriminant analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between ISL and IDL athletes (variance explained = 9.480%). Finally, using path analysis showed that Model 3 (perfectionism self-esteem will-to-win) has provided good model fit such as Bentler's comparative fit index (CFI) (0.987), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) (0.876), normed fit index (NFI) (0.973), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (0.097).

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