scholarly journals Research of the images of standard Lithuanian in an area of the standard language: the case of Kaunas district gymnasium

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Laura Geržotaitė
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
National Language ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Perceptual Dialectology ◽  
Linguistic Code ◽  
Language And Education ◽  
Methodological Principles

The present study explores the images of standard Lithuanian of young people at a gymnasium located in the area of the standard language. The data were obtained from a questionnaire based on the methodological principles of perceptual dialectology. The image of the standard language in the consciousness of the respondents emerges from the analysis of the questionnaire data: the frequency of linguistic codes, the mental maps of the standard language areas, and associations of the standard language. The analysis of the data shows that the gymnasium students tend to distance themselves from the regional linguistic code. The respondents’ disassociation from the local variety and their stronger preference for the code of the standard language is probably related to their sense of language security in the area of the linguistic homeland (including that of the standard language). The mental maps show that the young people associate the standard Lithuanian with the larger or smaller area of central Lithuania, which includes cities (Kaunas, Vilnius), adjacent non-dialect areas (Jonava, Kaišiadorys), and one or two dialect zones; it nearly overlaps the area of the standard language delineated in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Vilnius is the part of this image – probably of its status of the capital city and a significant social, cultural, and urban centre of attraction. The gymnasium students think that speakers of the standard language are city dwellers first and foremost, while the mental connection between the code of standard language and education occurs less often. Such views might have emerged due to the location of the city – hence that of the respondents’ linguistic homeland. Identifying the standard language user as an ordinary person or a Lithuanian could most likely be explained by the fact that the standard language is not only a national language to the young people: it is also an equivalent of their linguistic code. The gymnasium students do not associate the standard language with linguistic norms (the correct use of language). The consistency of the young generation’s attitudes (both those visualised on the maps and verbalised in the questionnaire answers) suggests the high value of the variety spoken in the area they associate with the standard language. The results of the study provide insights into the functioning, vitality, and continuity of the standard language in this area.  

scholarly journals The perception and value of the new local language variety: the case of the Samogitians of periphery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Monika Triaušytė
Keyword(s):  
Language Usage ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Perceptual Dialectology ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Methodological Principles

Dialects change, transform, and new ones – transitional, intermediate varieties between dialect(s) and standard language – emerge due to various extralinguistic factors (see Lenz 2010, 296). The research shows that the variety of the periphery of Samogitia, Akmenė region has also changed (Murinienė 2018).The aim of this study is to reveal the gymnasium students’ competence to identify local intermediate variety by assessing it from the perspective of three language varieties – dialect, semi-dialect (intermediate variety) and standard language, and also its value. The data was obtained from a questionnaire, based on the methodological principles of sociolinguistics and perceptual dialectology, to reveal attitudes of young residents of Akmenė region.The analysis shows that gymnasium students, according to their verbalised and visualised attitudes, identify the local variety as a semi-dialect and reflect a less marked dialect. Respondents call it semi-Samogitian dialect, semi-Samogitian and semi-Highland dialect/standard language. In the mental maps, the local dialect is also marked as a semi-dialect and is located between Šiauliai and Mažeikiai, which reveals the reflected peripherality of the local language variety.According to the associations with users of semi-dialect, this variety acquires a high value compared to the (traditional) dialect. The user of the intermediate language variety is described as adaptable, flexible, and simultaneously modern, but not the person who abandons the traditions. The local language variety is important for expressing the local identity because the standard language usage is not recognised among the local dialect users as a conscious separation from the community if it is used in informal situations.

RECYCLED WATER RISK PERCEPTION - A COMPARISON OF TWO CASE STUDIES

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hurlimann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Survey ◽  
Water Uses

This paper reports results from a study comparing perceived risk associated with various recycled water uses in two Australian locations, both in the state of Victoria: the capital city Melbourne, and Bendigo a regional urban centre. Both locations are experiencing ‘drought’, but Bendigo is experiencing this in a more acute manner. A case study is used in each location. Both case studies involve future use of recycled water in new commercial buildings. An on-line survey was used to measure attitudes to recycled water of the future occupants of both buildings. The study found perceived risk associated with 11 uses of recycled water increased as the use became increasingly personal. Interestingly, no difference in perceived risk associated with 11 uses of recycled water was found between locations. Prior experience (use) of recycled water was found to be a significant and positive factor in reducing risk perception. Various attitudinal variables were found to be significant influences on perceived risk. Results indicate that reducing perceived risk of recycled water use may increase satisfaction with its use.

scholarly journals Polysemy of ‘Common Language’ and the Modern Japanese Nation: The Universalization of a ‘Standard Language’ to correct ‘Dialects’?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Saki Amano
Keyword(s):  
Ambiguous Word ◽  
National Language ◽  
Common Language ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Second Period

In this paper, the term futsūgo (common language) was viewed over two periods. The first period (1880s-1894) was concerned with education but aimed to establish everyday, commonplace language and script that was familiar to the populace. However, by the 1890s, the policy of Europeanization was being reconsidered, and national consciousness was on the rise. The second period (1894-early 1900s), with the start of the Sino-Japanese War, saw an increase in the national consciousness in strengthening both literary and military arts, with a desire for the establishment of an artificially unified language with artificial rules that would unify the populace and the nation. The natural shift from the populace’s everyday commonplace language to a unified national language became possible through the linguistic logic, or mediation of terminology, seen in the single (but ambiguous) word futsūgo.

scholarly journals Ethnocultural Relations in the Republics of the Middle-Volga Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Veronika Jur'evna Arestova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Native People ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Middle Volga

The information presented in the article describes the results of the sociological survey of ethnic and cultural relations in the Ethnic Republics of the Volga Federal District, namely the Chuvash Republic and the Mari El Republic. The purpose of the research was to highlight issues concerning some aspects of ethnic culture, specifically intercultural communication among young people (of 16–30 years old) in Cheboksary (the capital city of the Chuvash Republic) and Yoshkar-Ola (the capital city of the Mari El Republic). The research was focused on revealing the tolerant or intolerant, respectful or disrespectful attitude of native young people (representatives of the prevalent ethnicity) to other ethnic groups. The study was conducted using the methods of interviewing by means of computer-assisted web questionnaire. The answers were collected from university students. In conclusion, it was established that in general, native people from the Chuvash Republic and the Mari El Republic are non-conflict, tolerant and friendly.

scholarly journals A cidade-santuário de Fátima: percepções do território religioso por meio da análise de mapas mentais

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Camila Benatti
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Sacred Place ◽  
Sacred Heart ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The City

ResumoNo ano de 1917, a manifestação de um fenômeno religioso em Fátima (Portugal) acabou por gerar transformações profundas em sua paisagem. A partir da crença neste acontecimento, nasce num descampado um dos maiores centros de peregrinação mundial, o Santuário de Fátima. Abordando os fenômenos religiosos sob a perspectiva geográfica, este artigo tem como principal intuito analisar e compreender as percepções dos alunos do Colégio do Sagrado Coração de Maria da cidade de Fátima em relação à cidade e ao respectivo território religioso. Como proposta de análise remeteu-se a métodos qualitativos através da elaboração de mapas mentais. A partir desta análise foi possível identificar que embora haja a carência de alguns espaços e infraestruturas direcionados às necessidades dos residentes locais, estes revelam um forte sentimento de pertença em relação ao território em estudo. Este envolvimento é refletido no reconhecimento por parte destes jovens do valor simbólico e patrimonial da cidade de Fátima enquanto lugar sagrado e religioso.Palavras-chave: Santuário de Fátima; Lugar sagrado; Percepção do espaço; Mapas mentais. AbstractIn the year of 1917, the manifestation of a religious phenomenon took place in Fatima, which turned out to engender profound changes in its landscape. From the belief in this event emerged in an open field the Sanctuary of Fatima, one of the largest world centers of pilgrimage. Approaching the religious phenomena from a geographical perspective, this research has the main purpose of understand and analyze the perceptions of the students of the College of the Sacred Heart of Mary of the city of Fatima in relation to the city and its religious territory. As proposed analysis referred to qualitative methods through the development of mental maps. From this analysis we found that although there is a shortage of some spaces and infrastructure targeted to the needs of local residents, they reveal a strong sense of belonging towards the area under study. This involvement is reflected in the recognition on the part of these young people the symbolic and heritage value of the city of Fatima as religious and sacred place.Key words: Sanctuary of Fatima; Sacred place; Perception of space; Mental maps. ResumenEn 1917 , la manifestación de un fenómeno religioso en Fátima (Portugal ) ha generado profundos cambios en su paisaje. De la creencia en este evento , que nace en un campo uno de los mayores centros mundiales de peregrinación, el Santuario de Fátima. Dirigiéndose el fenómeno religioso desde el punto de vista geográfico, este artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar y comprender las percepciones de los estudiantes del Colegio del Sagrado Corazón de María de Fátima en relación con la ciudad y su territorio religioso. Como propuesta de análisis hace utilizado métodos cualitativos a través de la elaboración de mapas mentales. A partir de este análisis fue posible identificar que a pesar de que hay una escasez de algunos espacios e infraestructuras orientados a las necesidades de los residentes locales, estos revelan un fuerte sentido de pertenencia hacia la zona de estudio. Este compromiso se refleja en el reconocimiento por parte de estos jóvenes del valor simbólico de Fátima como un lugar religioso y sagrado.Palabras-Claves: Santuario de Fátima; Lugar sagrado; Percepciones del espacio; Mapas mentales.

scholarly journals The influence of the language of new media on the literacy of young people in their school assignments and in leisure

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Blaženka Filipan-Žignić ◽  
Vladimir Legac ◽  
Katica Sobo
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
New Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Private Language ◽  
School Students ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
Iconic Signs

The authors of this research study try to explore the real literacy among young people of today resulting from the influence of the language of new media (especially Facebook and the mobile phone). The impetus for this study comes from frequent complaints that the language of young people has deteriorated due to the negative impact of the language that young people are using in the new media. The authors have done this through an analysis of the way students write in their school assignments and in writings done in their spare time in the new media with regard to (non) existence of the language of new media (such as abbreviations, emoticons and other iconic signs, capitals, dialecticisms, anglicisms, vulgarisms, etc.). In their analysis, the researchers used a computer programme WordSmith Tools 6.0 (Scott 2006). The authors aimed to find out whether or not students in their private language texts use the language of new media (written language with many elements of spoken language and with many abbreviations) and whether or not the students in their school assignments consistently use the standard language without the elements that they normally use in their own language in the new media. The results have shown that secondary school students do consistently write in the standard language in their school assignments, whereas in their leisure activities they use all the elements of the language of new media.

Assessment of Learning Needs of Street Vendors in Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
Louis Caleb Kutame ◽  
Olivia Frimpong Kwapong
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
National Development ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Adult Educators ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Assessment Of Learning

This chapter assessed the learning needs of street vendors in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. The findings revealed that vendors in the streets of Accra were made up predominantly of young people aged between the ages of 16 and 40 years. Seventy-five percent (75%) of these street vendors had gone through basic education and about 55% of them showed interest in furthering their learning. A majority of those who wished to further their education and indicated that they wished to be assisted in acquiring technical education which they figured out would enable them to generate regular revenues with which they can support themselves and their families. It was recommended that adult educators should assist street vendors in locating opportunities for the learning they have indicated and to support them in achieving their dream for the sake of national development.

English and the Imagining of a Cosmopolitan City

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-98
Author(s):  
Christina P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
National Language ◽  
Education Reforms ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
The Future ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Language And Education ◽  
The City

Chapter 4 considers the role of English in how the Girls’ College grade 10 Tamil-medium students navigated inequalities in the school as a whole and the Tamil-medium stream and claimed status as cosmopolitan Kandy or Sri Lankan girls. The use of full English in the classroom risked making them seem uppity, but the girls skillfully used English-inflected Tamil to articulate desired identities and stake claims in the future. Despite their multilingualism, the girls’ identities as predominantly Tamil speakers shaped how they interacted in school and in their home and neighborhood settings. This chapter argues that while their representation of themselves as Kandy girls avoided ethnicity-based models of identity, inconsistent with ideologies present in the national language and education reforms, they did not view Kandy as ethnically integrated so much as associate the city with their potential for upward social mobility.

scholarly journals The new towns in the Agro Pontino: a literature review and critical bibliography

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 08003
Author(s):  
Emanuela Margione
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Reclamation Project ◽  
The Relationship

This literature review intends to focus on how the settlements system of the Agro Pontino, newly designed in a geographic area contiguous to the capital city and directly connected to the integral reclamation project elaborated by the agricultural economist Arrigo Serpieri starting from 1923, is narrated. The reclamation of the Agro Pontino is one of the most important territorial transformations carried out by Fascism under direct public control. Also, this case study is particularly significant due to the relationship between the capital city, Rome, as large urban centre, the new medium size cities, villages and the morphological structure of agricultural holdings, into a historical context where the concept of agricultural property is defined. Today we have an enormous number of books, paper and documents written in different historical period that can help us to understand the evolution of the Italian new towns but at the same time the large number of these materials can also make it difficult for understanding the project and its meaning through time. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to explain how to prepare a critical bibliography able to show the evolution of the reclamation project and the construction of new towns and the changing of its meaning over time. Also, thanks to this bibliography it’s possible to extract the main issues related to the Italian case study: the relationship between the existing landscape and the network of roads; the relationship between the plans for villages, towns and the architectural features of the new settlements, and finally, the role of public buildings as a system of public facilities promoting new behaviour patterns, and their bold modernist architecture symbolized the conquest of the land.

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