scholarly journals Boundaries of word-formation. New reflections on old things

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Antanas Smetona
Keyword(s):  
General Scheme ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Whole Word ◽  
Lexical Content ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Significant Question

The attitude that word-formation fully coincides with derivation has been well established in the Lithuanian linguistics. The means of formation that fall outside derivation are regarded as peripheries of derivation that are not worth a considerable attention, although formal features of derivation are obvious (skruzdėlė cf. skruzdė), or absolutely fruitless prescriptive discussions about some kind of mistakes (profsąjunga cf. vyrgydytojas) are generated. In addition, composition is attributed to derivation, even when it is not clear where word-formation formant is and how to identify the meaning of forming a compound (nelaižytveršis: nelaižytas veršis). The article puts forward a solution to the discussed problems, which embraces all the formation in the Lithuanian language (not only derivation) and deals with the problems of derivation mentioned here.Seeking to address the problems raised, it is necessary to evaluate the role of language economy in the word-formation and, based on this evaluation, to expand perception of the importance of word-formation. Word-formation embraces not only derivation, but also all other ways of formation that go beyond the boundaries of morphemes. However auxiliary, insignificant or peripheral they may seem, they are a part of an integral word-formation system. All the attributes of this word-formation phenomenon, such as opposition, foundation and formant, synchronically apply to the whole word-formation. For this reason, the boundaries of derivation should be expanded. The most significant question here refers to semantic measuring and the volume of the formation meaning. Taking into account the fact that the main and fully comprehensive function of word-formation is not about increasing the number of words, but rather about rationalisation of their emergence, i.e. language economy, and also assuming that all the aspects of formation meaning (lexical, grammatical as well as economy) overlap and only one of them prevails, the general scheme of formation meaning (not only the derivational meaning) can be presented more or less as follows:Meaning of economy (profsąjunga, mikriukas, epaštas, JT, sodra, nelaižytveršis, eras, skruzdė) economizing means of linguistic expression.Grammatical meaning (gerumas, ėjimas, begalvis, palangė, stiklinė) change in grammatical content economizing means of linguistic expression.   Lexical meaning (žiūrovas, namelis, įlanka, snūduriuoti, rugiagėlė, nueiti) change in lexical content economizing means of linguistic expression and changing grammatical content if necessary.Such explanation of the general meaning of formation and inclusion of language economy expands the understanding of formation beyond the boundaries of derivation and allows referring to a new concept of the word-formation system. 

scholarly journals LINGUODIDACTIC APPROACHES TO TEACHING RUSSIAN WORD-FORMATION IN A FOREIGN AUDIENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Л.К. Красильникова
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Russian Word ◽  
Formation System

Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам обучения иностранных учащихся русскому словообразованию. В ней рассматривается полипарадигмальность современной лингвистики, которая находит свое преломление в теории и практике преподавания РКИ в области русского словообразования. При доминирующей роли функционально-коммуникативного подхода к изучению и представлению языкового материала в аспекте РКИ продуктивным является обращение к методам когнитивной лингвистики и лингвокультурологии. Приводятся примеры использования таких единиц системы русского словообразования, как словообразовательная парадигма и словообразовательное гнездо в качестве базы для развития речи иностранных учащихся в рамках разговорных тем «Русская природа» и «Роль животных в жизни человека». The article is about topical issues of teaching Russian word-formation to foreign students. Polyparadigmatic approach of Modern Linguistics is applied to the theory and practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, particularly Russian word-formation. Allthough the functional-communicative approach to the study and presentation of language material in the aspect of Russian as a foreign language has the dominant position, it is productive to turn to the methods of cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology. Russian word-formation system units such as the word-formation paradigm and the word-formation nest are used as a basis for the development of foreign students' speech within such conversation topics as «Russian Nature» and «The role of animals in Human life».

scholarly journals The Ancient Greek adjective: semantic and grammatical features

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Genus Number

The article reveals the essence of an Ancient Greek adjective as a separate part of speech. Thus, the substantive nature of an adjective was examined, including the historical process of its separation as an independent part of speech, with a consequent emphasis on the inseparability of adjectives and nouns by external signs in Ancient Greek. The analysis of the Greek adjectives was made on the grounds of their semantics, morphological features, syntactic functions. The semantic analysis was based on the studying of such concepts as the categorial, word-building and lexical meaning. The categorial meaning is the attribution of an adjective. The smaller semantic-grammatical groups (qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives) were learnt with regard to word formation and lexical motivation. Word-building and lexical meanings were studied basing on the division of adjectives into primary units and derivatives. The meaning of a derivative is interpreted both: due to the analysis of its structure (paying a special attention to the compound units, which are mainly formed on the basis of word combinations), and due as to the relation (strong, weak, metaphorical) of the general meaning of a derivative with the meaning of its components. The word-formation meaning of such units, therefore, is syntagmatic. Their lexical semantics depend also on the context. The basic morphological categories of genus, number and case of a Greek adjective simultaneously indicates its semantic dependence on a noun. The category of degrees of comparison was analyzed on terms of morphological means and such syntactic features as left/right-side valence. The main primary (an attribute) and the secondary (as a predicative) syntactic adjective functions are equally realized in preposition or postposition to the noun in Ancient Greek.

scholarly journals The problem of defining the term ‘occasionalism’

2018 ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Оksana Matsko
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Phenomena

The article is devoted to the theoretical problem of defining the term “neologism”. Considering the dynamism and constant replenishment of the ocasional vocabulary fund, there is some problem in defining the very term “occasional”. The article reviews the definition of the concept of “neologism” and “occasionality” by Ukrainian and foreign linguists. Often, researchers interpret this concept more narrowly or broadly, by contrasting or comparing the concepts of “neologism”, “individually-authorial word”, and others. Neologism is the word or its lexical meaning, which, unlike the well-known and conventional lexical units or their traditional meanings, is characterized by novelty and perceived as unusual. Neologisms include lexical-semantic units that have a stylistic newness. Secondly chronological understanding of neologisms is also known. The content of this concept is much wider. It covers all new phenomena in the field of vocabulary or lexical semantics that arose during a certain, predetermined period, regardless of whether the stylistic tone of freshness and unusualness, of unconsciousness, whether it has already disappeared, or maybe it wasn’t felt even at the time of the appearance of neologism. The history of the issue and the multidimensional views of the researchers on the development of the theory of occasional word-formation are described. The role of borrowing in the formation of the neologistic vocabulary is considered. The place of the borrowed word in the active and passive dictionary is determined by the function of borrowing itself. Occasionalisms are considered as means of expressive influence on the reader, which are actualized in the language creation of many contemporary Ukrainian authors. For the reason that the formation of the individual language tastes of the writer is always influenced by the linguistic experience of his predecessors, and knowledge of various spheres of the spiritual life of the peoples of the world, numerous areas of science, art and culture, and at the same time, a close connection with the language of the native culture, with folk creativity and conversational tradition.

scholarly journals Stylistics in “Asahan Dalam Angka 2015” Translation Text

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Ely Ezir Marpaung ◽  
Syahron Lubis ◽  
Amrin Saragih ◽  
Eddy Setia
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Morphological Process ◽  
Lexical Choice ◽  
Contextual Variation ◽  
Order Variation ◽  
Text Word ◽  
Grammatical Change

This research deals with the role of stylistics in translation and is aimed at identifying the types of stylistics used in “Asahan Dalam Angka 2015” in the translation text, to analyze the application of how and why stylistics is applied. This study applies qualitative research method, proposed by Miles and Huberman. There are six types of stylistics applied in ASDA 2015translation text: Word Formation Variation (WFV), Lexical Choice Variation (LCV), Syntactical Order Variation (SOV), Semantic Meaning Variation (SMV), Pragmatic Contextual Variation (PCV), and Grammatical Change Variation (GCV). The application refers to the morphological process (Word Formation Variation).The words are lexically chosen to vary lexical meaning (LCV), the phrases are syntactically reconstructed SOV), the words are pragmatically and contextually varied and translated to be equivalent (PCV), and the words are grammatically changed and varied to construct appropriate meaning. The finding shows that there are two causes why stylistics is not well applied in ASDA 2015translation text. Firstly, MT (Machine Translation) used in translating the text is not equipped by sufficient linguistic devices. Secondly, ASDA 2015 translation text is not realized in stylistic variation.

scholarly journals Właściwości Derywacyjne Pożyczek Czasownikowych W XVI Wieku

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The 16th century is the period of intensified processes of assimilation of foreign forms. This period provides insight into the situation of new borrowings which began to appear in the Polish language for the first time in such an extent. A considerable number of borrowed lexemes fosters the establishment of word­formative links between those lexemes in the Polish context. In this manner, the particular derivation­related nests of foreign origin were developed. In her article, the author emphasizes above all the role of verbal Latin and Greek borrowings in the organisation of the abovementioned nests, inquiring about the extent to which borrowings disrupt the existing word formation system, and about the extent to which these borrowings blend with the word formative “system”. As derivation­related bases, verbs are associated with two types of formations: with nominal and with verbal derivatives. The word­formative relations which emerged in the Polish language between a borrowed verb and a noun (which is in many cases borrowed as well) are well­documented already in the period in question (annotacyja – annotować). However, in this period, motivation­based relations between verbal borrowings were not developed, and thus foreign verbal formants did not separate out. The adaptation of these elements in the Polish language, as demonstrated by the further development in the diachronic perspective, is considerably impeded.

scholarly journals Derivational Potential of Pronouns in German and Russian languages

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
A. V. Melgunova
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Similar Elements ◽  
Formation System

The question of the use of pronouns as an element in the process of word formation of lexical units of the German and Russian languages is considered. The material was texts related to different genres: journalistic, popular science, scientific, artistic. The novelty of the research is seen in the comparison of the word-formation potential of pronouns in two languages, the word-formation system of which has some differences. The result of a comparative analysis of vocabulary related to different parts of speech is presented. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of using personal pronouns that are involved in nominal word formation. It is shown that lexical units with components — personal pronouns in the Russian language are less typical, however, they are used in texts of a certain subject and in some cases are tracing copies from the corresponding foreign words. Attention is paid to the emergence of neologisms and occasionalisms, the use of borrowings. The question is raised about the role of context in the interpretation of words with pronominal components. It is concluded that the derivational potential of pronouns is higher in German, but the lexical units of the Russian language can also be formed using similar elements. An increase in the number of words of this type in the Russian language is noted due to the translated terminology from the Germanic languages. 

Niuean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Massam
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Noun Incorporation ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Theta Role ◽  
Predicate Argument Structure

This book presents a detailed descriptive and theoretical examination of predicate-argument structure in Niuean, a Polynesian language within the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family, spoken mainly on the Pacific island of Niue and in New Zealand. Niuean has VSO word order and an ergative case-marking system, both of which raise questions for a subject-predicate view of sentence structure. Working within a broadly Minimalist framework, this volume develops an analysis in which syntactic arguments are not merged locally to their thematic sources, but instead are merged high, above an inverted extended predicate which serves syntactically as the Niuean verb, later undergoing movement into the left periphery of the clause. The thematically lowest argument merges as an absolutive inner subject, with higher arguments merging as applicatives. The proposal relates Niuean word order and ergativity to its isolating morphology, by equating the absence of inflection with the absence of IP in Niuean, which impacts many aspects of its grammar. As well as developing a novel analysis of clause and argument structure, word order, ergative case, and theta role assignment, the volume argues for an expanded understanding of subjecthood. Throughout the volume, many other topics are also treated, such as noun incorporation, word formation, the parallel internal structure of predicates and arguments, null arguments, displacement typology, the role of determiners, and the structure of the left periphery.

Revolutionizing Mental Health with Social Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-284
Author(s):  
Munmun De Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Social media platforms have emerged as rich repositories of information relating to people’s activities, emotions, and linguistic expression. This chapter highlights how these data may be harnessed to reason about human mental and psychological well-being. It also discusses the emergent role of social media in providing a platform of self-disclosure and support to distressed and vulnerable communities. It reflects on how this new line of research bears potential for informing the design of timely and tailored interventions, provisions for improved personal and societal well-being assessment, privacy and ethical considerations, and the challenges and opportunities of the increasing ubiquity of social media.

THE ROLE OF PRODUCTIVE WORD-FORMATION MODELS IN COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Диана Григорьевна Акубекова
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Language Classes

В статье освещается проблема использования продуктивных словообразовательных моделей на занятиях иностранного языка. The article presents the problem of using productive word-formation models in foreign language classes.

scholarly journals Achievements of the academic grammar school

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-29
Author(s):  
Kateryna Horodensʹka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Functional Grammar ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Syntactic Theory ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Functional Syntax ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
Formation System

This study aims at investigating the development of grammatical theory at the Institute of the Ukrainian Language for the last 30 years. The paper summarizes achievements in grammar theory from applying the functional, i.e., semantic and grammatical, approach developed by I.R. Vykhovanetsʹ to differentiating units into word and nonword classes and distinguishing morphological categories of major word classes. This facilitated the establishment of the theoretical basis of functional and categorical morphology. The author analyses studies in formal grammatical, semantic, functional, categorical, deri vational, and anthropocentric syntax that attest to the multidimensional growth of a syntactic theory and main aspects of the Ukrainian word formation on the basis of semantic and categorical syntax and a formant- and stem-based derivatology. Some of the latest multi-pronged processes in word formation reflect dynamics of word formation rules, the replenishment of word formation resources, and the development of the word-formation system of Standard Ukrainian. The solving of a complex set of theoretical issues in the modern Ukrainian word-formation introduced the methodological foundations for the recent normative description of the word formation system of Standard Ukrainian. The article addresses issues in studies on applied grammar determined by the process of glo balization and democratization of the Ukrainian society and the needs of Modern Ukrainian language practice to be met. Particular importance is attached to the grammatical prescriptive norms in the professional use, the actualization of case forms appearing in the passive vocabulary, and the dynamics of morphological and syntactic norms in various functional and stylistic dimensions of Standard Ukrainian. Keywords: functional grammar, functional morphology, functional syntax, categorical grammar, categorical syntax, categorical word formation, classification of parts of speech, morphological categories.

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