scholarly journals Właściwości Derywacyjne Pożyczek Czasownikowych W XVI Wieku

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Formation System ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The 16th century is the period of intensified processes of assimilation of foreign forms. This period provides insight into the situation of new borrowings which began to appear in the Polish language for the first time in such an extent. A considerable number of borrowed lexemes fosters the establishment of word­formative links between those lexemes in the Polish context. In this manner, the particular derivation­related nests of foreign origin were developed. In her article, the author emphasizes above all the role of verbal Latin and Greek borrowings in the organisation of the abovementioned nests, inquiring about the extent to which borrowings disrupt the existing word formation system, and about the extent to which these borrowings blend with the word formative “system”. As derivation­related bases, verbs are associated with two types of formations: with nominal and with verbal derivatives. The word­formative relations which emerged in the Polish language between a borrowed verb and a noun (which is in many cases borrowed as well) are well­documented already in the period in question (annotacyja – annotować). However, in this period, motivation­based relations between verbal borrowings were not developed, and thus foreign verbal formants did not separate out. The adaptation of these elements in the Polish language, as demonstrated by the further development in the diachronic perspective, is considerably impeded.

scholarly journals The Role of ‘Digitalization’ in German Sustainability Bank Reporting

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Diener ◽  
Miroslav Špaček
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Financial Services Sector ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Insight Into

The financial services sector, particularly with respect to today’s banking industry, is aiming to make a digital transition. Sustainable reporting is a holistic new reporting approach in banking and has only become partially mandatory for the sector. Thus, this paper makes a contribution to the current analysis approach and further development of the German Sustainability Code as well as associated legal approaches. It concerns the assessment of mandatory sustainable reporting in the light of constantly changing market conditions and stricter legal requirements for stakeholder data responsibility. In specific, it focuses on a digital evolving business environment and is intended to provide an insight into the perception of the topic of digitalization in the banking sector. The assessment is based on the structure of the German Sustainability Code. Based on 113 bank reports, a multiple regression analysis of 1410 codings of the keyword ‘digital’ is carried out. The results show that banks partly and not fully address digital issues in their reporting. It transpires that the emphasis is on seven criteria, while social elements are totally ignored. The paper shows a structural inequality within sustainable bank reporting with regard to digitalization. It also shows that issues are not adequately addressed and covered in legal reporting standards and that the provision of information to stakeholders on specific issues is largely undefined.

Strategic Relations and Sport Policy Making: The Case of Aerobic Union and School Sports Federation Bulgaria

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassil Girginov
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Relation Perspective

The dismissal of totalitarian regimes across Eastern Europe challenged the strategic orientation of sport in these countries. A central issue concerning the shaping of the new sport policies and the role of democratic states surprisingly as yet has not generated thorough academic analyses. As a result of transformations, the sport sector is undergoing massive adaptations, innovations, and reconfigurations leading to the emergence of new arrangements and actors pursuing different projects. Studying this process from a Strategic Relation perspective invites an analysis of sports policy, which accounts equally for events, actors, structures, and relations. More specifically, this approach offered a fruitful insight into the state and its strategic relations in sport policy making. One aspect of this study of theoretical interest is that, so far as can be ascertained, it is the first time the Strategic Relations approach has been applied to a Communist state.

scholarly journals Bayogenin 3-O-Cellobioside is a novel non-cultivar specific anti-blast metabolite produced in rice in response to Pyricularia oryzae infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice Norvienyeku ◽  
Lili Lin ◽  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Xiaomin Chen ◽  
Jiandong Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Differential Resistance ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractRice cultivars from japonica and indica lineage possess differential resistance against blast fungus on an account genetic divergence. Whether different rice cultivars also show distinct metabolomic changes in response to P. oryzae, and their role in host resistance, are poorly understood. Here, we examine the responses of six different rice cultivars from japonica and indica lineage challenged with P. oryzae. Both susceptible and resistant rice cultivars expressed several metabolites exclusively during P. oryzae infection, including the saponin Bayogenin 3-O-cellobioside. Bayogenin 3-O-cellobioside level in infected rice directly correlated with their resistant attributes. These findings reveal, for the first time to our knowledge that besides oat, other grass plants including rice produces protective saponins. Our study provides insight into the role of pathogen-mediated metabolomics-reprogramming in host immunity. The correlation between Bayogenin 3-O-Cellobioside levels and blast resistance suggests that engineering saponin expression in cereal crops represents an attractive and sustainable disease control strategy.

scholarly journals Novel Insight Into the Development and Function of Hypopharyngeal Glands in Honey Bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saboor Ahmad ◽  
Shahmshad Ahmed Khan ◽  
Khalid Ali Khan ◽  
Jianke Li
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hypopharyngeal Glands ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Hypopharyngeal glands (HGs) are the most important organ of hymenopterans which play critical roles for the insect physiology. In honey bees, HGs are paired structures located bilaterally in the head, in front of the brain between compound eyes. Each gland is composed of thousands of secretory units connecting to secretory duct in worker bees. To better understand the recent progress made in understanding the structure and function of these glands, we here review the ontogeny of HGs, and the factors affecting the morphology, physiology, and molecular basis of the functionality of the glands. We also review the morphogenesis of HGs in the pupal and adult stages, and the secretory role of the glands across the ages for the first time. Furthermore, recent transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome analyses have elucidated the potential mechanisms driving the HGs development and functionality. This adds a comprehensive novel knowledge of the development and physiology of HGs in honey bees over time, which may be helpful for future research investigations.

scholarly journals Lexical-semantic and word-formation features of verbs in the materials of the book «The Songs of the Kazym River in the Collection of the Okrug House of Folk Art»

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
I. M. Moldanova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Art ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
First Time ◽  
Formation System

Introduction: the article is devoted to the lexical and grammatical features of the verbal vocabulary functioning in the songs of Bears Games, based on the material of the book «The Songs of the Kazym River in The Collection of the Okrug House of Folk Art». The book presents field material recorded by employees of the Okrug House of Folk Art in 1988–1992s in the Yuilsk settlement of Beloyarsky District and in the Kyshik settlement of Khanty-Mansiysky District. In the course of the study, the archaic vocabulary, existing in this sphere, and word-formation means, attached to the root of the verb and modifying its meaning, are revealed. Objective: to identify the archaic verbal vocabulary presented in the texts of Bear’s songs; to give the most complete lexicographic description; to consider the word-formation system of verbal units. Research materials: the collection «Songs of the Kazym River in The Collection of the Okrug House of Folk Art» (2019), bilingual dictionaries on the Khanty language. Results and novelty of the research: in the paper, for the first time the verbal vocabulary of the texts of Bear’s songs is analyzed; archaic lexemes that are not represented in modern dictionaries of the Kazym dialect, but find separate parallels in the eastern and southern dialects, are identified; 18 verbal word-formation morphemes are identified, among them suffixes that are not represented in modern grammars. The most commonly used suffixes are the multiplicity and duration suffixes =iλә=, =ijәλ=/=ĭjәλ=, =әt’λ’ә= / =λ’ә=.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas chlororaphis Produces Two Distinct R-Tailocins That Contribute to Bacterial Competition in Biofilms and on Roots

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dorosky ◽  
Jun Myoung Yu ◽  
Leland S. Pierson ◽  
Elizabeth A. Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterial Competition ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Lysis Cassette ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT R-type tailocins are high-molecular-weight bacteriocins that resemble bacteriophage tails and are encoded within the genomes of many Pseudomonas species. In this study, analysis of the P. chlororaphis 30-84 R-tailocin gene cluster revealed that it contains the structural components to produce two R-tailocins of different ancestral origins. Two distinct R-tailocin populations differing in length were observed in UV-induced lysates of P. chlororaphis 30-84 via transmission electron microscopy. Mutants defective in the production of one or both R-tailocins demonstrated that the killing spectrum of each tailocin is limited to Pseudomonas species. The spectra of pseudomonads killed by the two R-tailocins differed, although a few Pseudomonas species were either killed by or insusceptible to both tailocins. Tailocin release was disrupted by deletion of the holin gene within the tailocin gene cluster, demonstrating that the lysis cassette is required for the release of both R-tailocins. The loss of functional tailocin production reduced the ability of P. chlororaphis 30-84 to compete with an R-tailocin-sensitive strain within biofilms and rhizosphere communities. Our study demonstrates that Pseudomonas species can produce more than one functional R-tailocin particle sharing the same lysis cassette but differing in their killing spectra. This study provides evidence for the role of R-tailocins as determinants of bacterial competition among plant-associated Pseudomonas in biofilms and the rhizosphere. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have identified R-tailocin gene clusters potentially encoding more than one R-tailocin within the genomes of plant-associated Pseudomonas but have not demonstrated that more than one particle is produced or the ecological significance of the production of multiple R-tailocins. This study demonstrates for the first time that Pseudomonas strains can produce two distinct R-tailocins with different killing spectra, both of which contribute to bacterial competition between rhizosphere-associated bacteria. These results provide new insight into the previously uncharacterized role of R-tailocin production by plant-associated Pseudomonas species in bacterial population dynamics within surface-attached biofilms and on roots.

scholarly journals Design of Conditionally Active STATs: Insights into STAT Activation and Gene Regulatory Function

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2913-2920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Milocco ◽  
Jennifer A. Haslam ◽  
Jonathan Rosen ◽  
H. Martin Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Nuclear Localization Sequence ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Localization Sequence ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT The STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling pathway is activated by a large number of cytokines and growth factors. We sought to design a conditionally active STAT that could not only provide insight into basic questions about STAT function but also serve as a powerful tool to determine the precise biological role of STATs. To this end, we have developed a conditionally active STAT by fusing STATs with the ligand-binding domain of the estrogen receptor (ER). We have demonstrated that the resulting STAT-ER chimeras are estrogen-inducible transcription factors that retain the functional and biochemical characteristics of the cognate wild-type STATs. In addition, these tools have allowed us to evaluate separately the contribution of tyrosine phosphorylation and dimerization to STAT function. We have for the first time provided experimental data supporting the model that the only apparent role of STAT tyrosine phosphorylation is to drive dimerization, as dimerization alone is sufficient to unmask a latent STAT nuclear localization sequence and induce nuclear translocation, sequence-specific DNA binding, and transcriptional activity.

scholarly journals LINGUODIDACTIC APPROACHES TO TEACHING RUSSIAN WORD-FORMATION IN A FOREIGN AUDIENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Л.К. Красильникова
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Russian Word ◽  
Formation System

Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам обучения иностранных учащихся русскому словообразованию. В ней рассматривается полипарадигмальность современной лингвистики, которая находит свое преломление в теории и практике преподавания РКИ в области русского словообразования. При доминирующей роли функционально-коммуникативного подхода к изучению и представлению языкового материала в аспекте РКИ продуктивным является обращение к методам когнитивной лингвистики и лингвокультурологии. Приводятся примеры использования таких единиц системы русского словообразования, как словообразовательная парадигма и словообразовательное гнездо в качестве базы для развития речи иностранных учащихся в рамках разговорных тем «Русская природа» и «Роль животных в жизни человека». The article is about topical issues of teaching Russian word-formation to foreign students. Polyparadigmatic approach of Modern Linguistics is applied to the theory and practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, particularly Russian word-formation. Allthough the functional-communicative approach to the study and presentation of language material in the aspect of Russian as a foreign language has the dominant position, it is productive to turn to the methods of cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology. Russian word-formation system units such as the word-formation paradigm and the word-formation nest are used as a basis for the development of foreign students' speech within such conversation topics as «Russian Nature» and «The role of animals in Human life».

scholarly journals Semantic-Pragmatic Evolution of the Latin Prefix SUPER (according to Polish and English)

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
T. M. Shkapenko ◽  
E. V. Shapovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Formation System

The cognitive mechanisms underlying the semantic-pragmatic evolution of the prepositive component of Latin origin super are described. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the data of the modern Polish language, studied in comparison with the data of the English and Latin languages, acting as donors of the semantic-pragmatic evolution of the prefix. It is proved that the locative semantics of the prefix serves as a trigger that starts the processes of metaphorical reinterpretation in modern English. It is shown that the final stage of the pragmatization of the formant is it’s functioning as an evaluative predicate and emotive interjection. It is stated that in the host Slavic language, the specificity of actualization in speech of the super component is determined by the interaction of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. It is emphasized that the integration of post-socialist countries into the global socio-economic space determines the intensive pragmatic-oriented use of this component in advertising discourse and in colloquial speech. It is noted that the influence of the linguistic factor - the features of the word-formation system - determines a new stage in the morphological evolution of the component super. It has been established that, within the affixal derivatives, a new meaning of an element acquiring the status of a root morpheme is being fixed. The relevance of the work performed is determined by the functional and explanative approach to the description of active word-formation processes occurring in modern Slavic languages under the influence of the universal tendency of linguistic globalization.

scholarly journals The function of LncRNA-H19 in cardiac hypertrophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhua Su ◽  
Qian Huo ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Lulin Wang ◽  
Xiaoxue Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Myocardial Hypertrophy ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Pathological Mechanism ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy, characterized by the enlargement of cardiomyocytes, is initially an adaptive response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Decompensated cardiac hypertrophy is related to fibrosis, inflammatory cytokine, maladaptive remodeling, and heart failure. Although pathological myocardial hypertrophy is the main cause of hypertrophy-related morbidity and mortality, our understanding of its mechanism is still poor. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate various physiological and pathological processes through multiple molecular mechanisms. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that lncRNA-H19 is a potent regulator of the progression of cardiac hypertrophy. For the first time, this review summarizes the current studies about the role of lncRNA-H19 in cardiac hypertrophy, including its pathophysiological processes and underlying pathological mechanism, including calcium regulation, fibrosis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and methylation. The context within which lncRNA-H19 might be developed as a target for cardiac hypertrophy treatment is then discussed to gain better insight into the possible biological functions of lncRNA-H19 in cardiac hypertrophy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document