scholarly journals Recycling and melting process of the zirconium alloy chips

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Augusto Mendes Reis
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Zirconium Alloy ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Storage Volume

The aim of this work is study on the recycling process of zirconium alloy chips and the results aiming the efficiency in the cleaning process; the quality control; the obtaining of the pressed electrodes and finally the melting in a Vac-uum Arc Remelting furnace (VAR). The recycling process begins with magnetic separation of possible ferrous al-loys chips contaminant, the washing of the cutting fluid that is soluble in water, washing with an industrial degreas-er, followed by a rinse with continuous flow of water under high pressure and drying with hot air. The first evalua-tion of the process was done by an Energy Dispersive X-rays Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDXRFS) showed the presence of 10 wt. % to 17 wt. % of impurities due the mixing with stainless steel machining chips. The chips were then pressed in a custom-made matrix of square section (40 x 40 mm - 500 mm in length), resulting in electrodes with 20% of apparent density of the original alloy. The electrode was then melted in a laboratory scale VAR furnace at the CCTM-IPEN, producing a massive ingot with 0.8 kg. It was observed that the samples obtained from In-dústrias Nucleares do Brasil (INB) are supposed to be secondary scrap and it is suggested careful separation in the generation of this material. The melting of the chips is possible and feasible in a VAR furnace which reduces the storage volume by up to 40 times of this material, however, it is necessary to correct the composition of the alloy for the melting of these ingots.

scholarly journals Semi-automated protein crystal mounting device for the sulfur single-wavelength anomalous diffraction method

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Kitago ◽  
Nobuhisa Watanabe ◽  
Isao Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Protein Crystal ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Anomalous Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Frozen Solution ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Protein Molecules ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Use of longer-wavelength X-rays has advantages for the detection of small anomalous signals from light atoms, such as sulfur, in protein molecules. However, the accuracy of the measured diffraction data decreases at longer wavelengths because of the greater X-ray absorption. The capillary-top mounting method (formerly the loopless mounting method) makes it possible to eliminate frozen solution around the protein crystal and reduces systematic errors in the evaluation of small anomalous differences. However, use of this method requires custom-made tools and a large amount of skill. Here, the development of a device that can freeze the protein crystal semi-automatically using the capillary-top mounting method is described. This device can pick up the protein crystal from the crystallization drop using a micro-manipulator, and further procedures, such as withdrawal of the solution around the crystal by suction and subsequent flash freezing of the protein crystal, are carried out automatically. This device makes it easy for structural biologists to use the capillary-top mounting method for sulfur single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing using longer-wavelength X-rays.

Unusual liquid-solid transition effects in a methoxypentamethylflavan

1958 ◽  
Vol 243 (1235) ◽  
pp. 518-533 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Melting Range ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Transition Effects ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Crystal Boundaries

The solid phase of the compound 2'-methoxy-2 : 4 : 4 : 7 : 4'- pentamethylflavan differs in many respects from normally crystalline materials, yet is not amorphous. It tends to form spherical masses which exhibit no regular crystal boundaries, even when seen under the microscope. The solid melts over a range of up to 3° C and the actual temperatures at which melting begins and ends vary according to the thermal treatment previously received by the specimen. The temperature at which the melt starts to solidify on cooling is always several degrees below the melting range; this is not due to normal supercooling. Solidification from the melt presents several other interesting features, including some rhythmic effects. Variations in the external conditions during solidification can give rise to three superficially different forms of the solid phase. The solid-liquid and liquid-solid transitions have been followed by measurements of density, rigidity and dielectric constant, all of which give further indications of the diffuse nature of the melting process and the existence of hysteresis between melting and solidifica­tion. These effects recall the behaviour of some crystalline high polymers and examination of solid methoxypentamethylflavan by polarized light, X-rays and electron microscopy has revealed further analogies with such materials. It is tentatively concluded that the solid is composed of submicroscopic crystalline regions which are organized into larger spherulitic aggregates, but no definite explanations of the failure of the compound to form macroscopic crystals or of the similarities between it and polymers seem possible at present.

Optimization of Geometry for Continuous Flow PCR Devices in a Titer Plate-Based PCR Multi-Reactor Platform

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Park ◽  
P.-C. Chen ◽  
B. H. You ◽  
N. Kim ◽  
T. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Structural Rigidity ◽  
Steady State Temperature ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Thermal Cycler ◽  
The Human Genome Project

A highly parallel, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multireactor platform is in high demand to satisfy the high throughput requirements for exploiting the accumulated genetic information from the Human Genome Project. By incorporating continuous flow PCR (CFPCR) devices in a polymer 96-well titer plate format, DNA amplification can be performed with steady-state temperature control and faster reaction speed at lower cost. Prior to the realization of a PCR multi-reactor platform, consisting of a sample delivery chip, a PCR multireactor chip, and a thermal cycler, optimization of the geometry for CFPCR devices in a titer plate-based PCR multi-reactor chip based on manufacturing feasibility is necessary. A prototype PCR multi-reactor chip was designed in a 96-well titer plate format with twelve different CFPCR configurations. High quality metallic, large area mold inserts (LAMIs) were fabricated using an SU-8 based UV-LIGA technique by overplating nickel in SU-8 electroplating templates. Micro molding of polycarbonate (PC) was done using hot embossing, resulting in good replication fidelity over the large surface area. Thermal fusion bonding of the molded PC chips using a custom-made bonding jig yielded acceptable sealing results. The manufacturability investigation throughout the design and the process sequence suggested that the microchannel walls require a minimum width of at least 20 μm and an aspect ratio of 2 for structural rigidity. An optimal CFPCR device for use in a PCR multi-reactor chip can be selected with a series of amplification experiments with the development of a thermal cycler.

Hot Milling: A Proposal to Minimize Thermal Cracks Formation in Cemented Carbide Tools

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramsés Otto Cunha Lima ◽  
Anderson Clayton Alves de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Milling Cutter ◽  
Thermal Cracks ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
1045 Steel ◽  
Coated Cemented Carbide

It is well known that milling is a rotating and interrupted cutting process in which the milling cutter is made up of a number of inserts placed around its body and that each insert has the function of removing an amount of material from the workpiece per revolution. This feature induces the cyclic thermal loading in the cutting tool edge leading the insert to thermal fatigue, which induces nucleation and propagation of thermal cracks and accelerates the process of tool wear. This paper proposes a method to minimize this thermal cycling effect. In this case, hot air was blown into the idle phase of the milling cutter during face milling of an AISI 1045 steel with coated cemented carbide inserts. The main goal was to make the process quasi-continuous from the thermal viewpoint. Trials were carried out dry, at room temperature and with hot air applied at 100, 350 and 580°C, and wet at room temperature and 580°C. In this last case, an MQL (Minimum Quantity of Lubricant) system was used to create a spray of cutting fluid. After milling trials, the inserts were taken to a scanning electron microscope where the number of thermal cracks, wear and other damage was analyzed. It was observed that the heating of the idle phase helped reducing the number of thermal cracks and tool wear.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF ACCRETION X-RAYS FROM QS Vir: CATACLYSMIC OR A LOT OF HOT AIR?

2012 ◽  
Vol 747 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Matranga ◽  
Jeremy J. Drake ◽  
Vinay Kashyap ◽  
Danny Steeghs
Keyword(s):  
X Rays ◽  
Hot Air

scholarly journals The Effect of Metatarsal Padding on Pain and Functional Ability in Metatarsalgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Männikkö ◽  
J. Sahlman
Keyword(s):  
Hallux Valgus ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numeric Rating Scale ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
X Rays ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
American Orthopaedic ◽  
Numeric Rating

Background and Aims: Many kinds of insoles and pads are commonly used as a conservative treatment of metatarsalgia. However, earlier studies of insole treatment provide contradictory results, and the natural progression of metatarsalgia is still unknown. The aims of this study were to (1) determine whether simple custom-made metatarsal pad insoles reduce pain and improve functional ability, (2) find out patients’ satisfaction with padding treatment, and (3) investigate predisposing factors for metatarsalgia. Material and Methods: All metatarsalgia patients provided with metatarsal pad insoles during a 2-year period at Kuopio University Hospital (n = 45) were included in the study and observed at least a year. In all, 25 patients were interviewed about their situation before and after treatment. The Numeric Rating Scale for pain and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society forefoot questionnaire included questions about predisposing factors, other diseases, exercise, work, shoes, and satisfaction with insoles. Foot X-rays taken from 45 patients during treatment were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56 years (range 34–84 years); 87% of them were women. In all, 47% of patients had osteoarthritic changes in the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and 42% had hallux valgus. In the interviewed subgroup (n = 25) body mass index was normal in 44%, and 36% were mildly overweight. High-heeled shoes were used by 40% daily, and 68% had done standing work for several years. Pain decreased significantly on the Numeric Rating Scale: 3.2 points in all patients ( p < 0.001), 3.1 points among women, and 4.25 points among men. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score improved 24.2 points in all patients ( p < 0.001, range 0–100), among women 19 points, and among men 29 points. Conclusion: Metatarsalgia affects mostly women and is often preceded by extensive use of high heels and standing work. Also, a high association of first metatarsophalangeal arthrosis and hallux valgus was found. Metatarsal pads reduce pain and improve the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score. We recommend metatarsal padding as a safe and inexpensive alternative in treating metatarsalgia patients.

A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Typical Foam Glass Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 1054-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
Ying Liang Tian ◽  
Li Juan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Foam Glass ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Glass Recycling

Foam glass is a new insulation building materials and plays an important role in building energy efficiency for its many excellent performances, such as small thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion and high mechanical strength. Generally, the manufacturing process of foam glass mainly can be classified into two typical processes, the waste glass recycling process and glass melting process. In this paper, the process-oriented life cycle assessment is used to quantitative analyze and evaluate the environmental load, such as energy consumption and pollutant emission of the two typical processes. The results show that the environmental load of the glass melting process takes place in two stages of the foaming and annealing, and the raw material extraction, while the waste glass recycling process mainly come from foaming and annealing. Regarding the energy consumption of foam glass, waste glass process is lower 22.4% than the glass melting process, while carbon emissions is lower 24.8%, and the comprehensive environmental impact is lower 40%. Therefore, the findings will guide and promote the new technology application for the energy saving and green technology applications in foam glass industry.

scholarly journals 3D-printed devices for continuous-flow organic chemistry

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Dragone ◽  
Victor Sans ◽  
Mali H Rosnes ◽  
Philip J Kitson ◽  
Leroy Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Flow Cell ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
3D Printed

We present a study in which the versatility of 3D-printing is combined with the processing advantages of flow chemistry for the synthesis of organic compounds. Robust and inexpensive 3D-printed reactionware devices are easily connected using standard fittings resulting in complex, custom-made flow systems, including multiple reactors in a series with in-line, real-time analysis using an ATR-IR flow cell. As a proof of concept, we utilized two types of organic reactions, imine syntheses and imine reductions, to show how different reactor configurations and substrates give different products.

scholarly journals Electro-Flotation as the Method of the Water Treatment in Recycling Process of Contaminated Water as an Integral Part of the Reverse Logistics System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Antonyová ◽  
Peter Antony
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Time Period

Proper management of water is a challenge for every individual but especially for companies. Nowadays also legislation obliges companies to clean the wastewater before being discharged into municipal public sewer especially if they use some chemicals or oily elements in their production process. Construction of the wastewater cleaner depends directly on the way of pollution, the amount of contaminated water and the energy demand of the cleaning process. The paper deals with the construction of the wastewater cleaner, which is based on the technology of electro-flotation for the treatment of water contaminated with disperse colorants. The experimental work as well as the modelling using the statistical methods proved the suitability of the chosen technology. Also, each colour combination requires a specific time period for the water treatment. The authors determined the time interval for cleaning the wastewater that was polluted with yellow colour to 33 minutes. Finally, the wastewater cleaner that is based on the electro-flotation technology was included in the company&rsquo;s reverse logistics system.

scholarly journals Modelling of hot air chamber designs of a continuous flow grain dryer

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1055
Author(s):  
Lotte Strange Kjær ◽  
Mathias Poulsen ◽  
Kim Sørensen ◽  
Thomas Condra
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Chamber
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