scholarly journals ПРАВИЛА ЯЗЫКА — РЕЧИ — СЛОВА В ПСАЛТИРИ, ПРИТЧАХ СОЛОМОНА И ЕВАНГЕЛИИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-37
Author(s):  
Vladimir Annushkin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Ethical Assessment ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
European Culture ◽  
New Meanings

Spiritual texts implicitly contain rules and recommendations for the construction of speech communication. These rules are derived from direct references to the language-speech-word, or indicate speech actions or language actions. The texts of the Psalter, the book of Proverbs of Solomon, and the Holy Gospel are selected for this article. The author identified direct or hidden references to the terms language-speech-word-mouth that express judgments about the content or evaluation of these words in the life of a person. All these terms are used in the sense of “an instrument of communication, an instrument of organizing human contacts.” And they all receive a fundamentally dual moral and ethical assessment: language-speech-word can either “praise God” and be “words of good,” carry “joy in the response of the mouth,” or become an instrument of evil (“slander”), deception (“flattery”), suffering and destruction (“flood verbs”). Compared with oral pre-literate speech in folklore at a new stage of civilization development, these terms have acquired new meanings in written and printed literature: the term language obtains the meaning of “people” (in the Psalter), the term word becomes of overriding importance for European culture as the Word of God (the Holy Gospel), and the term mouth is metaphorically used most frequently in the Proverbs of Solomon. The revealed position in regard to the primacy of moral and ethical requirements for the speaker in the preparation of speech, when “pure heart” is mentioned first (“create a pure heart in me, oh God”), about righteousness and wisdom (in “Parables”), about the qualities of a person (see the Beatitudes), and only then it is about actions “of the tongue and mouth.” The duality of assessments of language-speech-word also speaks of the dual nature of man, who either “praises God with his mouth” or receives “judgment” for idle and false words. The analysis of judgments about language-speech-word-mouth in spiritual texts allows us to form recommendations and instructions for language acts and actions of a modern person who must preserve moral and cultural traditions and creatively apply the newly revealed rules in their own speech acts.

“Nero, the mustard!”

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Margaret Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Deep Knowledge ◽  
Legal Power ◽  
European Culture ◽  
New Meanings

This chapter considers the renaming of enslaved people in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Jamaica. Using plantation records and narrative accounts, it focuses on the classical names that made up 10–15% of inventory listings. Those who renamed newly acquired slaves after powerful historical and mythological figures from antiquity added a cruel irony to the physical practices of enslavement. They also laid claim to the cultural capital of high European culture, while mocking those denied access to it. But their claim was bogus, resting on the physical and legal power to enslave rather than on any deep knowledge of antiquity. The claim to civilizational and racial purity that underpinned it was also undercut by new meanings, including the perceptions of the enslaved: deployed in the service of racial purity, Classics became creolized. The implications can be traced in an early-nineteenth-century Johnny Newcome print and in the fiction of Charles W. Chesnutt.

scholarly journals Differentiated Analysis of the «Insult» Speech Genrebased on Messages from a Social Network Internet Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-631
Author(s):  
Liliya R. Komalova ◽  
Tatiana I. Goloshchapova
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Forensic Linguistics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Speech Genres ◽  
Binary Division ◽  
Administrative Code

The study of Internet mediated speech communication seems relevant due to the dynamic development of the Internet language, the lack of its codification and legal regulation, duplication of social practices and processes in the virtual environment. The present research is focused on one of the conflicting speech genres (speech acts), which is frequent within Internet communication. Speech actions in the genre of insult in some cases acquire illegal actions and are considered from the standpoint of law enforcement in the practice of forensic linguistics. The novelty of this study lies in the differentiated approach to insults as applied not only to the binary division of its interpretation within the ordinary logic and legal grounds, but also to the study of the distinctive characteristics of this phenomenon in refraction to various legal interpretations (in the criminal, civil, administrative codes). We analyzed written messages of Russian-speaking users of the social network site VKontakte, which were considered through the prism of the provisions of Article 5.61 Insult of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation. In the course of the study, it was revealed that even within a specialized dataset of messages, perceived by the recipients as insulting messages, the share of messages corresponding to the criterion basis of insult (Article 5.61) is negligible.

“I wol sterve”

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhani Rudanko
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Definition Of

This study focuses on the construction of an amorous relationship in Chaucer’s poetry. It is observed that threats are recurring speech acts in Chaucer’s wooing scenes. Such threats are conditional and coercive in nature, having a bearing on the role and exercise of free will. A speech act definition of a threat is offered in the article. The definition is based on John Searle’s analytic model and threats in wooing scenes are treated as commissives, given their conditional nature. Such threats are also often playful in varying degrees. Drawing on a number of examples from Chaucer’s major poems, the article examines the nature of playfulness and the question of how it is grounded in the content and the context of a threat. The issue of a lady’s consent is framed in the article by the larger background of the partly conflicting Germanic and Roman cultural traditions both impacting Chaucerian England.

scholarly journals KESANTUNAN TINDAK TUTUR DALAM KOMUNIKASI TENAGA KESEHATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT DAHA SEJAHTERA (POLITENESS OF SPEECH IN THE COMMUNICATION OF HEALTH PERSONNEL AT DAHA SEJAHTERA HOSPITAL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Eti Komariah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
The People ◽  
Descriptive Approach

AbstractPoliteness of Speech in the Communication of Health Personnel at Daha Sejahtera Hospital. Thisresearch is a qualitative research that analyzes the politeness of speech acts doctor, nurse with patient andpatient family at Daha Sejahtera Hospital. This research also uses descriptive approach. Triangulationused are: source technique, method, researcher, and theory. The result of the research shows that (1)Behavior of speech acts in health personnel communication at Daha Sejahtera Hospital is a form ofpoliteness in the form of: maxim of wisdom, maxim of generosity, maxim of praise, maxim of humbleness,maxim of agreement and maxim of sympathy. Decent communication is believed to minimize the tensionor inconvenience of the people in the Daha Sejahtera hospitals by using spoken spoken language well andcorrectly will reduce the conflict in communicating and also strengthen the sense of good brotherhoodthat aims to make people others do something according to the speaker’s wishes. (2) Communication ofhealth personnel at RSUD Daha Sejahtera as a function of language politeness ie for action to save face,action to avoid conflict, action to respect, action to reduce burden, action to entertain, and action togive motivation. It serves as a person’s desire to be independent, free to act, and not compelled by othersthrough orders and requests, advice, advice, warnings, threats and challenges to ask for a particularaction, speakers can do or not do speech acts (with gestures).Key words: courtesy, speech, communication, health manpowerAbstrakKesantunan Tindak Tutur dalam Komunikasi Tenaga Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Daha Sejahtera.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menganalisis kesantunan tindak tutur dokter,perawat dengan pasien dan keluarga pasien di RSUD Daha Sejahtera. Penelitian ini juga menggunakanpendekatan deskriptif. Triangulasi yang digunakan yaitu: teknik sumber, metode, peneliti, dan teori.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Wujud kesantunan tindak tutur dalam komunikasi tenagakesehatan di Rumah Sakit Daha sejahtera merupakan wujud kesantunan dalam wujud: maksim kearifan,maksim kedermawanan, maksim pujian, maksim kerendahatian, maksim kesepakatan dan maksimsimpati. Komunikasi yang santun diyakini akan memperkecil ketegangan atau ketidaknyamanan orangorang(pasien) tersebut dalam ruang inap di RSUD Daha Sejahtera dengan penggunaan bahasa tutursecara lisan yang baik dan benar akan mengurangi konflik dalam berkomunikasi dan juga menguatkanrasa persaudaraan yang baik yang bertujuan untuk membuat orang lain melakukan sesuatu sesuaidengan keinginan penutur. (2) Komunikasi tenaga kesehatan di RSUD Daha Sejahtera yang sebagai222fungsi kesantunan berbahasa, yakni untuk tindakan untuk menyelamatkan muka, tindakan untukmenghindari konflik, tindakan untuk menghormati, tindakan untuk mengurangi beban, tindakan untukmenghibur, dan tindakan untuk memberi motivasi. Hal ini berfungsi sebagai keinginan seseorang untukmandiri, bebas bertindak, dan tidak dipaksa oleh orang lain melalui perintah dan permintaan, saran,nasihat, peringatan, ancaman, dan tantangan untuk meminta melakukan suatu tindakan tertentu,penutur dapat melakukan atau tidak melakukan tindak tutur (dengan gerak-gerik).Kata-kata kunci: kesantunan, tindak tutur, komunikasi, tenaga kesehatan

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC MEANING AS A PART OF THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE WORLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Maciejczak
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Linguistic Meaning ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
System A ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind

The paper deals with the concept of the model of the word. It concerns a pre-linguistic stage of language acquisition, descriptive content of proper names and interpretation by means of a conceptual system. The model of the world comprises all aspects of being conscious. It is a system, a unity, a background of our conscious life; perception, language, notions, concepts, are its aspects. The more we know about cognitive processes, functions and structure of the mind, the be$er we understand the nature of language; the more we know about language, the better we understand the nature of the mind. Linguistic meaning as it was shown by the studies of language and categories acquisition, has its origin in the aforementioned model. That is why linguistic meanings are not ready-made contents, ideas, semantic entities, etc. but rather systems of procedures that constitute sense of speech acts. The approach to linguistic meaning as a part of an individual conceptual system, a system of information that mirrors cognitive, linguistic and non-verbal experience of an individual, is much of help in understanding efficacy of language, forming of beliefs, convictions, and also introducing new meanings.

scholarly journals Dantes kristne universalisme og islam: Dante og den europæiske identitet

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (108) ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cecchini
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Middle Ages

Dante’s Christian Universalism and Islam:During the years 2001-2004, when the establishment of a Constitution for Europe was on the EU’s agenda, the suggestion to include a reference to the ‘Christian roots’ of Europe in the Constitution’s Preamble lead to an animated debate. Some Italian Catholic intellectuals (Anna Maria Chiavacci, Giuseppe Reale) took part in the debate and used Dante to illustrate the essential significance of Christianity in the European culture, thereby involving themselves in this debate. Referring to T.S. Eliot’s famous quote (»the culture of Dante was not of one European country but of Europe«), they claimed that Dante’s work was one of the greatest expressions of a Christian European cultural identity which took form in the Middle Ages and drew impulse from a synthesis of the two great Mediterranean cultural traditions: the Greek-Roman and the Jewish-Christian; a cultural identity they identified tout court with our present ‘European’ or ‘Western’ culture. It is worth observing that Chiavacci and Reale did not mention in their narrative the third great Mediterranean cultural tradition (especially in the Middle Ages) of Islam and its own likely contribution to the ‘European’ civilization. In my paper, I wish to contribute to the understanding of how Dante represents ‘Europe’ and ‘Islam’ in his work. My suggestion is that in Dante’s work we can neither find an idea of a Europe (or ‘West’) as separated or superior to other continents nor an orientalized image of the Orient as claimed by Edward Said. On the contrary, Dante considers ‘Europe’ as a metaphor for an ideal universal Christian community (with strong eschatological features), that is a community that potentially includes the whole of humanity.As few other intellectuals in the Middle Ages, Dante’s attitude to Islamic culture is primarily assimilative; he does not include but assimilates Arabian culture and philosophy to the extent that they have contributed to Christian thinking. As a good medieval Christian, Dante is hostile to Islam just because he looks at it as a heretical or schismatic version of Christianity (and therefore assimilated to his own faith), not as ‘another’ religion.

IMPERATIVENESS AND THE THEORY OF SPEECH ACTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
SHATOKHINA GALINA N. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Communicative Intention ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Speech Genres

The article discusses the key provisions of the theory of speech acts, presents their modern classifications and models. A speech act is interpreted in the work as the production of a certain sentence in the context of real speech communication to implement a certain communicative intention. The focus is on the illocutionary act, the main criterion for highlighting which is the presence of a sign of expediency. Analyzing the concept of speech genres, the author of the article singles out imperative genres and examines their originality and linguistic expression.

Postproverbials in Igbo Language

Matatu ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-405
Author(s):  
Ifeoma Abana ◽  
Obiora Eke
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Conversational Implicature ◽  
Pragmatic Theory ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
New Meanings

Abstract This treatise assesses the pragmatic implicature derived during the use of postproverbials in Igbo language and culture. Igbo proverbs have been so much studied that it would certainly be monotonous for a paroemiographer to resume making belated significance of Igbo speculations on the meaning and essence of a proverb. It is a glaring fact that that there is virtually no substantial controversy about the importance of proverbs in culture and the significance of proverbs in Igbo traditional society as a repository and verbal effulgence of wisdom is indeed proverbial. This study relies on Austin’s pragmatic theory of speech acts, conversational implicature and presupposition. The data is drawn from oral interview conducted by the researchers on ten Igbo elders with the aim of unraveling the linguistic idiosyncrasies associated with the connotation of postproverbials as it relates to different contextual usages. The paper will look at the development of this threat to the fixability of Igbo proverbs, the normative rapture and by extension establish the presence of “new” proverbs with new syntactic forms, new meanings and perhaps, new values. The analytic emphasis is based on the type of transformation, the shift in the construction of users. This paper concludes that postproverbiality is situated in the dynamic space of informal speech of a younger and adventurous generation.

scholarly journals Can philosophy be autonomous in the XXI century?

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Nadezda Gonotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Existential Choice ◽  
The One ◽  
Intellectual Environment

This article discusses the image of philosophy in modern world in the context of synthesis of the various intellectual and cultural traditions. The author explores the correlation between philosophy and politics, knowledge and power as a certain discursive practice that in an organic part of Western European culture; demonstrates the limits on establishing dialogue between philosophical traditions, schools and strands of thought. Leaning on the ideas of Kant and Foucault in viewing the phenomenon of Enlightenment, the author analyzes the role and place of a philosopher in the political and intellectual environment. The procedure of double sample realized by the philosopher holds the risk of losing its position on the pedestal taken by intellectualism and serve ideology instead, since orientation towards socially-pragmatic actions inevitably requires involvement into a political game. It demands conscious demarcation of the two types of decisions made: on the one hand, it is an existential choice pertinent to the held by philosopher intellectual position; while on the other – a socially-pragmatic, associated with interval choices, not affecting the ultimate grounds of existence. Due to the fact that preservation of the autonomy of philosophical territory in the era of globalization is an acute problem, there is a need for extremely cautious attitude to any attempts of shifting traditions and cultures, which usually assign primary role to the “philosophical reason”.

scholarly journals Синтактико-семантические особенности русских и словацких языковых афоризмов

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Light Touch ◽  
Original Source ◽  
The Status ◽  
Slovak Language

The article compares/contrasts the syntactic and semantic features of language aphorisms in Russian and Slovak. The Russian and Slovak language aphorisms have a priori axiological modality and are capable of referemental use, as potential acts of motivation and acts of affirmation. The expediency of this analysis is due to the fact that the illocutionary force has national and cultural specifics, which is manifested at all levels of language, speech and discourse. The object of the article is Russian and Slovak proverbs, sayings and winged expressions, in which the value bases of interpersonal speech communication are focused. A group of examples of the greatest illocutionary force is given, i.e. speech acts of prompting, then affirmative speech acts, as well as speech acts of inducement and affirmations that acquire additional illocutionary power. The taxonomy of the illocutionary force contained in Russian and Slovak folk aphorisms takes the following outlines: a) the most illocutionary power is speech acts of motivation, in which proverbs are used; b) affirmative speech and behavioral acts, which are evaluative aphorisms, have the status of passing thoughts with a light touch of lax edification, warning, or wish, and therefore, their illocutionary force is less pronounced; c) speech acts of inducement and affirmation acquire additional illocutionary force if the proverbs used in them retain the connotation of an authoritative original source. In the last part of the text, conclusions of the presented issue are drawn.

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