scholarly journals Treatment of natural surface waters using new composite flocculants-coagulants

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Kudryavtsev P
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Aluminum Salts ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Coagulation is an essential process in the treatment of water and industrial wastewater. In the field of drinking water treatment since ancient times, water purification using coagulants using various substances has been practiced. Coagulation is the most common method of purification of natural and wastewaters from the bulk of colloidal, finely dispersed, and partially dissolved contaminants. The characteristics of the new composite flocculants-coagulants ASFC and ISFC developed by the authors are presented in comparison with conventional aluminum and iron salts. The titration method was used to study the behavior of coagulant flocculants at different pH. The titration method was used to study the behavior of coagulant flocculants at different pH. The ζ-potentials and isoelectric points for aluminum hydroxide obtained by hydrolysis of a coagulant are determined. The nature of the interaction of active silicic acid and the products of hydrolysis of aluminum salts as components of composite flocculants-coagulants is shown. The characteristics of natural waters are given, on which the efficiency of using the obtained flocculants-coagulants is investigated. A comparison of the coagulating ability of coagulants in water purification with high color from the Orsha River and with medium color from the Volga and Tvertsa rivers is presented.

scholarly journals Recommendations for the Aluminum and Iron-Containing Composite Flocculants-Coagulants Use for the Purification of Natural River Waters and Industrial Wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudryavtsev P
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Magnetic Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Iron Salts

Coagulation is the most widespread method of natural and wastewater purification from the bulk of colloidal, finely dispersed, and partially dissolved contaminants. The characteristics of the new composite flocculants-coagulants ASFC and ISFC developed by the authors compared to traditional aluminum and iron salts are given. The characteristics of natural waters, which were used to study the efficiency of using the obtained flocculants-coagulants, are given. To compare the effect of the developed materials with known products, we used such a parameter as their coagulation ability to purify high-color water from the Orsha river and medium-color water from the Volga and Tvertsa rivers in Russia. An attempt is made to assess the effect of magnetic treatment of the developed composite flocculants-coagulants. Based on the conducted research and production tests, recommendations were developed to use aluminum and iron-containing composite flocculants-coagulants to purify natural river waters and industrial wastewaters.

DISINFEKSI UNTUK PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Disinfection Process

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2),  Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE ACETATE SULPHATE IN ACETONE

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Keirstead ◽  
John Myers
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Potentiometric Titration ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Acetate Ester ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Potentiometric Titration Method ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

When cellulose acetate sulphate is dissolved in acetone the hydrolysis of the sulphate ester is rapid compared with that of the acetate ester. In 70% acetone the relative rates are reversed. Hydrolysis of the sulphate ester in acetone is greatly affected by the temperature. At 25 °C. or greater the hydrolysis is complete after 24 hr. A potentiometric titration method has been developed for the estimation of sulphuric acid in the presence of smaller amounts of acetic acid.

scholarly journals Рredominant microflora of natural and wastewaters of Lviv region

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
I. Z. Koval ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Wort Agar ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Meat Peptone Agar ◽  
Saccharomyces Yeast

Quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms have been determined by the microbiological methods of the analysis of natural waters and industrial wastewater. It is shown that the dominant microflora of the studied waters are Diplococcus, Sarcina, Bacillus, Pseudomonas bacteria types, blue-green algae of Oscillatoria types, as well as Saccharomyces yeast types. Morphological, physiological and cultural characteristics of colonies grown on nutrient media were studied to identify microorganisms. The growth pattern of colonies of microorganisms on meat-peptone agar (for bacteria) and wort-agar (for yeast) in a Petri dish is shown.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials Based Drinking Water Purification: Comparative Study with a Conventional Water Purification Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barış Şimşek ◽  
İnci Sevgili ◽  
Özge Bildi Ceran ◽  
Haluk Korucu ◽  
Osman Nuri Şara
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Liquid

One of the ways of fully securing the presence of fresh water is water treatment process. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offers an innovative solution for water treatment. In this study, physical, chemical and microbiological improvement rates of raw water were analyzed after filtration with graphene oxide. Graphene oxide's water treatment performance; silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles & graphene oxide composites that are commonly used in water treatment were compared with a traditional treatment method. When compared to the traditional method, there were improvements of 50 %, 40.7 %, 86.8 % and 45.5 % for color, TIC, TOC and hardness properties, respectively in water treatment by GO-based filtration with solid liquid ratio of 0.7 % (v/v). In water treatment with GO-Ag based filtration, 39.8 %, 69.8 %, 10.3 % and 28.6 % of improvements were obtained for TIC, TOC, hardness and LSI value compared to the conventional method. Both GO at 0.7 % (v/v) solid-liquid ratio and GO-Ag nanocomposites were successful in the number of total viable microorganisms and inhibiting microorganisms such as Escherichia coli fecal (gaita-infected), Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the studied parameters GO-Ag nanocomposites found to be the most suitable for drinking water treatment.

scholarly journals Recreational Use of Spa Thermal Waters: Criticisms and Perspectives for Innovative Treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Valeriani ◽  
Lory Marika Margarucci ◽  
Vincenzo Romano Spica
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Alternative ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Recreational Use

Natural spa springs are diffused all over the world and their use in pools is known since ancient times. This review underlines the cultural and social spa context focusing on hygiene issues, public health guidelines and emerging concerns regarding water management in wellness or recreational settings. The question of the “untouchability” of therapeutic natural waters and their incompatibility with traditional disinfection processes is addressed considering the demand for effective treatments that would respect the natural properties. Available strategies and innovative treatments are reviewed, highlighting potentials and limits for a sustainable management. Alternative approaches comprise nanotechnologies, photocatalysis systems, advanced filtration. State of the art and promising perspectives are reported considering the chemical-physical component and the biological natural complexity of the spa water microbiota.

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