Orientation of nitrogen transformation processes in the soil with corn growing under the different fertilization practices

Aim. To explore the peculiarities of nitrogen transformation in sod-podzolic soils with corn growing under dif- ferent fertilizer types and the effect of bacterization. Methods. Agrochemical, fi eld and lyzimetric, chromato- graphic determination of nitrogen fi xation activity and emission of N 2 O. Results. The highest losses of nitrogen from the soil occurred in the variants with manure application and use of mineral fertilizers N 90 P 90 K 90 . The processes of nitrogen transformation in soil and corn yield were optimized using the combination of mineral fertilizers with green manure and microbial agent. Conclusions. The application of fertilizers for corn grow- ing on sod-podzolic soils of Polissya region should be accompanied with the use of green manures. The use of microbial preparations is recommended.

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Orientation of processes of biological nitrogen transformation in winter rye agroecosystems under different levels of fertilization background

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp3.03.028 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 28-34

Author(s):

V. Volkogon ◽

I. Korotka

Keyword(s):

Root Zone ◽

Field Studies ◽

Nitrogen Transformation ◽

Mineral Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Podzolic Soils ◽

Microbial Preparation ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Aim. To determine physiologically expedient rates of mineral nitrogen in winter rye production on sod-podzol- ic soils based on the orientation of the processes of biological nitrogen transformation in the plants rhizosphere. Methods. Field studies, gas chromatography determination of potential nitrogen fi xation activity and potential emissions of N 2 O. Results. The results obtained have demonstrated that the rates of mineral nitrogen, not ex- ceeding 60 kg/ha, can be considered physiologically expedient for winter rye production on sod-podzolic soils. Under the application of microbial preparation Diazobakteryn, there is a higher physiological need of plants for nitrogen, which allows increasing the rates of nitrogen fertilizers up to 90 kg/ha. Conclusions. The orienta- tion of the processes of biological nitrogen transformation in the root zone of plants is a reliable indicator of determining the appropriateness of nitrogen fertilization of crops.

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IMPACT OF GREEN MANURE ON CROP YIELD OF CEREALS IN CONDITIONS OF IRRIGATION OF THE TERSKO-SULAK SUBPROVINCES

South of Russia ecology development ◽

10.18470/1992-1098-2018-2-144-155 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 144-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aytemir A. Aytemirov ◽

Magomednur B. Khalilov ◽

Tofik T. Babayev ◽

Zaur G. Amiraliev

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

Federal State ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Yield Data ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

First Time

Aim. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of types of fertilizer on increasing soil fertility and corn yield of grain and sorghum in conditions of irrigation of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince. Methods. Carrying out some field experiments: conducting observations and laboratory tests, selection of soil and plant samples was carried out according to generally accepted methods: statistical processing of yield data was carried out by the method of variance analysis based on Kirov Federal State Unitary Enterprise and FSBSI Dagestan Agricultural Research Institute named after F.G. Kisriev. Results. Studies showed that in the post-harvest period after harvesting winter wheat, it is better to cultivate green manure with the presence of legumes. A valuable biological feature of them is the ability to absorb atmospheric nitrogen. The powerful root system of the seeding pea improves the physical properties of the soil, as well as microbiological activity. The most favorable conditions are created for the growth and development of maize and sorghum, after plowing of fertilizers in the stubble period in the conditions of irrigation of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince, by applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N150 P75 K75, seeding peas, manure (30 t / ha), In these cases, on average, over two years, the highest yield of maize was 5.6-5.7-5.5 t / ha and grain sorghum, respectively, 4.7-4.8-4.5 t / ha. Conclusion. For the first time, in conditions of irrigation of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince, were obtained the results on the effectiveness of different types of fertilizers introduced into the soil.

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The strawberry yield and the contents of the main macronutrients in the soil of plantations with different fertilizer and drip irrigation

POMICULTURE & SMALL FRUITS CULTURE IN RUSSIA ◽

10.31676/2073-4948-2020-62-165-171 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 165-171

Author(s):

L. V. Pomyaksheva ◽

S. N. Konovalov ◽

A. V. Kelina

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Optimal Method ◽

Podzolic Soils ◽

Combined Application ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

The purpose of research was to determine the optimal method of applying mineral fertilizers with drip irrigation in strawberry plantations and the level of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in sod-podzolic mediumloam soil. The studies were carried out on strawberries of Honeyoe and Troitskaya varieties, the experiment was two-factor, the replicates were isolated. The determination of NPK in soil and pH were performed according to the generally accepted recommendations for sod-podzolic soils. Weather conditions during the years of research were sufficiently diverse and determined the irrigation rates of plantings. The results showed that the maximum yield of strawberries (13.3 t / ha) is possible with combined fertilization in reserve and with fertigation, but with fertigation, the yield is stable and varies least of all. The highest content of alkaline hydrolysable-nitrogen and plant-available potassium in the average over the years of research was observed in the variant with fertilization in reserve. It has been established that the most optimal way to fertilize strawberries with drip irrigation is a combined application. Drip irrigation accelerates the mineralization of organic nitrogen. Doses of mineral fertilizers should be increased with the age of plantings, while taking into account the level of basic macronutrients in the soil.

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Use of legume green manures as nitrogen sources for corn production

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170511000299 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 180-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Matt Liebman ◽

Rhonda L. Graef ◽

Daniel Nettleton ◽

Cynthia A. Cambardella

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Green Manure ◽

Energy Content ◽

Red Clover ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Green Manures ◽

Fossil Energy ◽

Fuel Savings

AbstractRecent volatility in supplies and prices of natural gas and synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer suggests a need to develop and refine alternative strategies for supplying N to corn. In this study, conducted in north-eastern Iowa, we examined the use of red clover and alfalfa green manures as means of supplying N to a succeeding corn crop. Red clover intercropped with oat produced significantly more biomass and contained more N than alfalfa intercropped with oat. Tilling green manures in the fall or delaying tillage until the following spring did not have a consistent effect on green manure N content. Without N fertilizer, corn grain yield following oat–red clover and oat–alfalfa was 25–63% greater than following oat grown alone, but at the highest fertilizer rate (202 kg N ha−1), there was no difference in corn yield between oat–legume and oat-alone treatments. These patterns support the premise that legume green manure effects on corn yield were N-related. Red clover green manure had an N fertilizer replacement value for corn of 87–184 kg N ha−1; alfalfa supplied corn with the equivalent of 70–121 kg N ha−1. At a fossil energy cost for N fertilizer of 57 MJ kg−1 N, reducing synthetic N fertilizer applications to corn by 70–184 kg N ha−1 would represent a fossil fuel savings of 3990–10,488 MJ ha−1, equivalent to the energy content of 104–274 m3 of natural gas. These types of savings are likely to become increasingly important as fossil energy supplies become scarcer and fertilizer prices rise.

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Influence of using fertilizers on fertility indices of sod-podzolic soils and productivity of short-term crop rotation of Polissya

Agroecological journal ◽

10.33730/2077-4893.3.2021.240329 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. Egorov ◽

N. Zhidok ◽

E. Grischenko ◽

I. Shabanova

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Green Manure ◽

Humus Content ◽

Arable Land ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Phosphorus Compounds ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Podzolic Soils ◽

Mobile Phosphorus ◽

Positive Balance

The influence of litter manure and straw as fertilizers in pure form and in combination with manure, green manure and mineral fertilizers on the content of humus and basic nutrients in sod-podzolic soil has been studied. A significant effect on the change of humus content on sod-podzolic soils depending on fertilizer systems has been established. The highest indicators of humus content in the soil were found in the variants with 40 t/ha of manure, 0.97–1.14% and 1.17–1.23%, respectively, and straw 4 t/ha in combination with lupine green manure — 0.94–1.15% and 1.16–1.25%. The most significant increase in humus content per rotation was observed in sidereal crop rotation, against the background without fertilizers the indicator increased by 0.05–0.29%, against the background of N40P40K120 application — by 0.03–0.21%, in crop rotation — 0.05–0.19% and 0.01-0.09%, respectively. Analyzing the dynamics of the content of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, it was found that the greatest growth both at the beginning and at the end of crop rotation provided options with the introduction of 40 t/ha of manure (+69…+85 mg/kg of soil), 4 t/ha of straw with half dose of manure (+63…+82 mg/kg of soil) and straw with green manure (+71…+80 mg/kg of soil). The application of manure, straw and plowing of green manures contributed to the increase of the content of mobile phosphorus compounds from 9 to 69 mg/kg of soil on the background without fertilizers and 38 to 67 mg/kg of soil on the background N40P40K120. The combination of straw with manure and straw with green manure for the application of mineral fertilizers helped to increase the content of mobile phosphorus compounds to the level recorded in the variant for the application of 40 t/ha of manure, and in some versions of the experiment even exceed it. It was found that the deficit-free and positive balance of potassium for rotation of crop rotation and sidereal crop rotation was provided by variants with 4 t/ha of straw in combination with 20 t/ha of manure and 4 t/ha of straw in combination with lupine green manure against N40P40K120. Balances and productivity of arable land use in short-rotation crop rotations of Polissya are calculated. In crop rotation, the humus balance is negative for the alienation of lupine green mass for fodder. Variants with application of 10 t / ha of crop rotation area of manure (–0.03 t/ha) and 1 t/ha of straw with half dose of manure (–0.1 t/ha) on the background of N35P35K85 application allowed to get as close as possible to the deficit-free balance of humus. In sidereal crop rotation, a positive balance of humus is observed with the application of 10 t/ha of manure (+0.21…+0.29 t/ha), 1 t/ha of straw in combination with 5 t/ha of manure, 22 t/ha) and 1 t/ha of straw in combination with green manure (+0.09… +0.18 t/ha). Close to the deficit-free balance of humus is the option with the introduction of 1 t/ha of straw in its pure form. An alternative to manure in Polissya should be the use of straw in combination with green manure (including lupine), which will help preserve and reproduce the humus content in the soil, improve the balance of nutrients and increase the productivity of arable land in crop rotations.

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Effects of Liming and Fertilization on the Dehydrogenase and Catalase Activities

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.10.7576 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 3464-3468

Author(s):

Alina Dora Samuel ◽

Simona Bungau ◽

Ilona Katalin Fodor ◽

Delia Mirela Tit ◽

Cristian Felix Blidar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Quality ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Low Dose ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Enzymatic Activities ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Npk Fertilization

In this paper we provide new data about the soil enzyme activity as a biological process, which is an indicator for impacts of factorial combinations of lime and fertilizers applications. Five plots divided into fifteen subplots were sampled for determination of the enzymatic indicators of soil quality, based on the actual and potential dehydrogenase and catalase activities. The research revealed that limed soil samples, in comparison with unlimed ones, resulted in significantly higher soil enzymatic activities (p[0.05) in the upper (0-20 cm), while in the deeper (20-40 cm) layer, only catalase activity was significantly higher (at least at p[0.02). Mineral fertilization, in comparison with its farmyard manuring, led to an insignificant increase in each of the three enzymatic activities determined, excepting catalase activity which was significantly higher (0.05]p]0.02) in the 0-20 cm layer. Based on the absolute values of the enzymatic activities, the enzymatic indicators of soil quality (EISQ) were calculated. The mineral NPK-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 0-20 cm layer, and mineral NP-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 20-40 cm layer proved to be the best variants of fertilization. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality in these variants reached the highest values: EISQ=0.821 and EISQ=0.889, respectively, indicating the presence of high enzymatic activities. It should be emphasized that a balanced application of lime, mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure leads to the formation of favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms, growth of plants and for an intense and lasting enzymatic activity.

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Effects of green-manure and tillage management on soil microbial community composition, nutrients and tree growth in a walnut orchard

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96472-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ningguang Dong ◽

Guanglong Hu ◽

Yunqi Zhang ◽

Jianxun Qi ◽

Yonghao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Green Manure ◽

Rhizosphere Soil ◽

Green Manures ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Mineral N ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Walnut Tree

AbstractThis study characterized the effect of green manures (February orchid, hairy vetch, rattail fescue and a no-green-manure control) and the termination method (flail or disk) on nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial biomass, microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil and vegetative growth of walnut tree. All three selected green manures significantly enhanced the water content, organic C, total N and available P. The rattail fescue significantly decreased the mineral N. Total organic C, total N, mineral N and available P were significantly greater under flail than under disk. Hairy vetch and February orchid significantly improved levels of soil β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activity, whereas rattail fescue improved only β-glucosidase activity. All of the green manures significantly decreased phenoloxidase activity. β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly greater under flail relative to disk. The termination method had no significant effect on phenoloxidase activity. The different types of green manures and termination methods significantly altered the soil microbial biomass and microbial community structure. The green-manure treatments were characterized by a significantly greater abundance of Gram-positive (Gram +) bacteria, total bacteria and saprophytic fungi compared to the control. Hairy vetch significantly decreased the abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) while February orchid and rattail fescue increased their abundance compared to the no-green-manure treatment. The abundance rates of Gram+ bacteria, actinomycetes, saprophytic fungi and AMF were significantly greater in soils under flail than under disk. In terms of vegetative growth of walnut tree, hairy vetch showed the greatest positive effects. The growth of walnut tree was significantly greater under flail relative to disk. Our results indicate that green-manure application benefits the rhizosphere soil micro-ecology, rhizosphere soil nutrient contents and tree growth. Overall, the hairy vetch and flail combined treatment is recommended for walnut orchards in northern China.

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DETERMINING AMMONIUM OXALATE-EXTRACTABLE Si IN SOILS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss86-076 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 751-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. WANG ◽

P. A. SCHUPPLI

Keyword(s):

Atomic Absorption ◽

Key Words ◽

Podzolic Soil ◽

Ammonium Oxalate ◽

Podzolic Soils ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Key Words Oxalate

Determination of oxalate-extractable Si and Al is useful in assessing the degree of accumulation of allophane-like materials in Podzolic soils. Three procedures were tested for determining Si: manual spectrophotometry, automated spectrophotometry and atomic absorption. For concentrations of oxalate-extractable Si above 0.5 g kg−1, there was no significant difference among results by the three procedures. For lower concentrations of Si, results by atomic absorption were higher than those by the spectrophotometric procedures. Determination by Si by autoanalyzer is the preferred procedure as it is convenient, sensitive and reliable. Key words: Oxalate Si, Podzolic soil, autoanalyzer

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Economic analysis of rice and common bean production in succession to green manure crops and mecahnical soil decompression in Brazilian Savannah

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201663030006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 315-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vagner do Nascimento ◽

Orivaldo Arf ◽

Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano ◽

Nayara Fernanda Siviero Garcia ◽

Mariele de Souza Penteado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Green Manure ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Green Manures ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Soil Scarification ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT The previous cultivation of green manures and mechanical soil decompression are options to minimize compaction of the topsoil in no-tilage system (NTS) set in different production systems in the Brazilian Savannah. In addition, it is essential to relate these agricultural practices with the economic benefits generated through the production cycles. The objective of this study was to evaluate economically the effect of sporadic mechanical decompression of the soil and previous cultivation of green manure in the production and net gain margin of upland rice and "winter" common bean, under sprinkler irrigation, in NTS in lowland Brazilian savannah. This study was developed in the 2012/13 harvest and 2013 winter in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in an clay texture Oxisol in the savanah in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in a randomized block design arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement with four replications. The treatments were a combination of five green manures (fallow (control), Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum glaucum and Urochloa ruziziensis) with and without mechanical soil scarification. The yields of upland rice and common bean grains were not influenced by the previous green manure cultivation; the upland rice grown in succession to Cajanus cajan in the presence of mechanical soil scarification provided greater increase in grain yield and higher gross margin profit. Beans cultivated in succession to Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum glaucum in the presence of mechanical soil scarification, followed by rice cultivation, provided greater increases in grain yield and gross profit margins.

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