scholarly journals IMPACT OF GREEN MANURE ON CROP YIELD OF CEREALS IN CONDITIONS OF IRRIGATION OF THE TERSKO-SULAK SUBPROVINCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aytemir A. Aytemirov ◽  
Magomednur B. Khalilov ◽  
Tofik T. Babayev ◽  
Zaur G. Amiraliev
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
First Time

Aim. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of types of fertilizer on increasing soil fertility and corn yield of grain and sorghum in conditions of irrigation of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince. Methods. Carrying out some field experiments: conducting observations and laboratory tests, selection of soil and plant samples was carried out according to generally accepted methods: statistical processing of yield data was carried out by the method of variance analysis based on Kirov Federal State Unitary Enterprise and FSBSI Dagestan Agricultural Research Institute named after F.G. Kisriev. Results. Studies showed that in the post-harvest period after harvesting winter wheat, it is better to cultivate green manure with the presence of legumes. A valuable biological feature of them is the ability to absorb atmospheric nitrogen. The powerful root system of the seeding pea improves the physical properties of the soil, as well as microbiological activity. The most favorable conditions are created for the growth and development of maize and sorghum, after plowing of fertilizers in the stubble period in the conditions of irrigation of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince, by applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N150 P75 K75, seeding peas, manure (30 t / ha), In these cases, on average, over two years, the highest yield of maize was 5.6-5.7-5.5 t / ha and grain sorghum, respectively, 4.7-4.8-4.5 t / ha. Conclusion. For the first time, in conditions of irrigation of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince, were obtained the results on the effectiveness of different types of fertilizers introduced into the soil.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF WATER PERMEABILITY AND EROSION PROCESSES AT DIFFERENT METHODS OF PRIMARY TILLAGE OF CHERNOZEM IN SOUTHERN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Poluektov ◽  
◽  
I. V. Batishchev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Permeability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Melt Water

Purpose: analysis of soil water permeability and runoff-regulating ability of methods of basic soil tillage on chernozems in the south of the European territory of Russia. Materials and methods. The object of research is ordinary chernozem on the erosion-hazardous slope of the experimental station of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre” (FSBSI FRARC). The methods used are generally accepted in soil science, erosion science, agriculture (S. V. Astapov, 1958; V. N. Dyakov, 1974; E. V. Poluektov, 1982; B. A. Dospekhov, 1985), generalized analysis and analysis of data obtained in field experiments. Results. The results of studies of the methods of basic tillage: moldboard, flat-cut, chisel, surface, for the period from 1975 to 2017 are analyzed. The dependence of water permeability on the methods of basic tillage starting from the moment of its implementation until harvesting of agricultural crops is established. Particular attention is paid to soil permeability during the period of snow melting, since during this period the flow of melt water and soil washout are formed, the relationship between which is quite close. The most intense erosion processes are manifested during moldboard plowing, followed by surface tillage. A higher soil conservation capacity is typical for areas tilled with chisel. Conclusion. According to the data obtained, in autumn period, rainwater runoff and soil washout can be an exception, especially if the basic tillage is carried out to a depth of 25–29 cm. In winter, when the soil freezes, the permeability decreases sharply, especially on surface cultivation, which creates preconditions for melt water formation. The maximum snowmelt runoff is formed on surface tillage, followed by a flat-cut one, and a moldboard and a chisel one close the list. In terms of soil washout, moldboard plowing is in the first place, followed by cultivation methods that leave stubble and plant residues on the surface: surface, flat-cut, chisel.

scholarly journals LENTIL CULTIVATION EFFICIENCY ON ORDINARY CHERNOZEM, DEPENDING ON THE SEEDING RATE AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS DOSES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Fedyushkin ◽  
◽  
S. V. Pasko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers

Purpose: to reveal the efficiency of the Donskaya variety lentils cultivation on ordinary chernozem at different seeding rates and doses of mineral fertilizers. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in Aksai district Rostov region on the experimental field of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre” (FSBSI FRARC). The objects of research are the yield and protein content in lentil grain, depending on the seeding rate and the mineral fertilizers dose. The experiments setting, recording and mathematical processing of the data obtained were carried out according to B. A. Dospekhov. Results. It has been found that the yield of Donskaya lentils is significantly influenced by both mineral fertilizers and changes in sowing rates. The maximum yield was obtained at sowing seeds at a rate of 2.2 million pcs/ha, while the plant stand and the feeding area were optimal for development. The maximum yield increase was obtained in the N20P40 variant, amounting to 0.55 t/ha. As the seeding rate increases, the protein content in the lentil grain decreases. The application of mineral fertilizers leads to a significant increase in the protein content at all studied seeding rates. The combined use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers leads to an increase in protein content compared to the application of only phosphorus fertilizers. Calculation of the agrochemical efficiency of the applied fertilizers showed that the highest payback of lentils at rates of 2.2 and 2.8 million pcs/ha was obtained with the introduction of 20 kg of active agent of phosphorus, amounting to 1.5 and 11.5 kg/kg active agent respectively. When sowing at a rate of 1.6 million pcs/ha, the maximum payback was obtained with the introduction of 40 kg active agent of phosphorus. Conclusion. It was found that it is economically efficient to cultivate lentils when sowing seeds at a rate of 2.2 million pcs/ha with the introduction of 20 kg of active agent of nitrogen and 40 kg active agent of phosphorus, this allows you to get the maximum net income (44.3 thousand rubles/ha) and payback of direct costs (3.1 rubles) with the lowest cost of grain produced (9.6 thousand rubles/ton).

Orientation of nitrogen transformation processes in the soil with corn growing under the different fertilization practices

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
V. Volkogon ◽  
O. Berdnikov ◽  
S. Dimova ◽  
M. Volkogon
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Transformation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
Microbial Agent ◽  
Graphic Determination

Aim. To explore the peculiarities of nitrogen transformation in sod-podzolic soils with corn growing under dif- ferent fertilizer types and the effect of bacterization. Methods. Agrochemical, fi eld and lyzimetric, chromato- graphic determination of nitrogen fi xation activity and emission of N 2 O. Results. The highest losses of nitrogen from the soil occurred in the variants with manure application and use of mineral fertilizers N 90 P 90 K 90 . The processes of nitrogen transformation in soil and corn yield were optimized using the combination of mineral fertilizers with green manure and microbial agent. Conclusions. The application of fertilizers for corn grow- ing on sod-podzolic soils of Polissya region should be accompanied with the use of green manures. The use of microbial preparations is recommended.

scholarly journals PRIMARY TILLAGE FOR WINTER DURUM WHEAT

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
A. S. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
Soil Activity ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The primary tillage in crop cultivation determines the conditions for their growth and development. This is especially important for winter durum wheat, which has an underdeveloped root system and it requires a better approach to creating favorable conditions through tillage. There have been studied three methods of tillage: moldboard plowing on 22–25 cm (PN is 5-35); beardless plowing on 22–25 cm (PCh is2.5); disk plowing on 0–12 cm (AG is 2.4). The study was carried out in the southern area of the Rostov region in the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (2011–2015). The trial was carried out by generally accepted methods, which made it possible to establish the advantages of the moldboard and beardless plowing of black fallow on 22–25 cm compared to disk plowing on 10-12 cm when cultivating winter durum wheat. Tillage contributed to a lower density in the arable horizon (1.08 and 1.09 g/cm3 ), to a greater microbiological soil activity (up to 37%), and to better moisture supply during the growing season. Moldboard plowing contributed to an availability increase of such nutrients as potassium and nitrogen, and disk plowing contributed to accumulation of available phosphorus. The improved physical soil properties contributed to greater productivity. At disk plowing, winter durum wheat productivity was on average 4.93 t/ha through the years of study. At boardless and moldboard plowing wheat productivity was 5.38 and 5.55 t/ha for non-plow and dump plowing, respectively. Soil treatment did not affect the quality indicators.

scholarly journals Effect of Zeolite and Mineral Fertilizers on Some Soil Properties and Growth of Jew's Mallow in Clayey and Sandy Soils

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
T. H. H. Khalifa ◽  
M. S. Elsaka ◽  
M. A. Shabana ◽  
H. M. Abo-Elsoud
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station

Aims: To evaluate the effect of zeolite and mineral fertilizers on some soil properties, availability of soil nutrients and yield of Jew’s mallow (Corchorus olitorius) in clayey and sandy soils. Study Design: The experimental designed as split plot design with three replicates, the main plots were devoted to zeolite at the rates of 0, 4.76 and 9.52 Mg ha-1 and the sub plots were occupied by mineral fertilizers at the rates of 50% and 100% from the recommended NPK doses. Place and Duration of Study: During spring and summer seasons of 2018, the field experiments were conducted in Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm (clayey soil) and private farm at Baltium district (sandy soil). Methodology: Jew’s mallow grains (Alexandria variety). Soil samples were collected at (0-30 cm depth) in the initial of experiment and after harvesting with the aid of soil auger at random from different parts of the experimental sites to determine the physicochemical and soil moisture characteristics of the soil. Growth characteristics (plant height and fresh mass weight) were studied. Results: The results showed that ECe, SAR and bulk density values were decreased, while CEC, total porosity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water values increased due to application of 9.52 Mg zeolites ha-1 when compared to untreated soil. The maximum stem height and total fresh yield of Jew’s mallow were recorded with the application of 9.52 Mg zeolite ha-1+100% NPK. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the use of zeolite in clayey and sandy soils improved the soil properties, improved the availability of soil nutrients and consequently decreased the environmental pollution. Also, the obtained results are promising for enhancing the horizontal and/or vertical expansion of agriculture in such problematic soils.

scholarly journals Efecto de dosis de urea-N en el rendimiento del maíz bajo un sistema de rotación con leguminosas de cobertura.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Barreto ◽  
C. Pérez ◽  
M. R. Fuentes ◽  
J. L. Quelme ◽  
L. Larios
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Tropics

The economical substitution of nitrogenous fertilizer by biological fixation by a leguminous covering under rotation systems with corn (Zea mays L.), is one of the agricultural research themeswith highest potential for developing technologies aimed to achieve a sustainable corn production in the tropics. An experiment was conducted during twoconsecutive corn cycles at Cuyuta-Guatemala, in order to quantify the equivalence of urea dos es and the N supplied by two legumes (Canavalia ensiformis L. and Mucuna deeringianum Bort). During the first cycle, the corn yield showed a significant response to the N-urea as well as to the incorporation of green manure. During the second cycle, the residual effect of the legumes on the corn yield was markedly lower and the differences among rotation systems depended on the N level and plant population. The rotation effect with green manure and its relation with the doses of urea approved the substitution of N-fertilizer by green manure. The main factors affecting the yield response under the different rotation systems were: doses of N-fertilizer, amount of N in the superficial biomass of the legume and the final plant population.

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION METHODS ON THE PEA YIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
А. М. Grebennikov ◽  
А. S. Frid ◽  
V. P. Belobrov ◽  
V. А. Isaev ◽  
V. М. Garmashоv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article assesses the relationships between the morphological properties of agrochernozems and yield of peas on the plots, experience with different methods of basic treatment (moldboard plowing at the depth of 20 - 22, 25 - 27 and 14 - 16 cm, moldboard plowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, combined midwater moldboard, mid-water subsurface, surface to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and zero tillage) is inherent in V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth strip, in the fall of 2014. The research was conducted in 2015 - 2016, with the application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р60К60) and unfertilized background. The highest pea yields in the fertilized as the background, and without the use of fertilizers was observed in dumping plowing and especially in the variant with deep moldboard plowing, which creates in comparison with other ways of handling the best conditions for the growth and development of peas. The lowest yield of pea was obtained with zero processing. Apparently legalistic migrational-mizelial agrochernozems the Central Chernozem zone of minimum tillage in the cultivation of peas are not effective, what is evident already in the first year after the laying of experience with different basic treatments. As shown by the results of applying multifactor analysis of variance studied the mapping properties of the soil can have the same significant impact on the yield of agricultural crops, as options for the field experiments aimed at assessing the impact of various treatments on yield.

THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF LONG-FLAX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dumych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flax Seeds

The purpose of research: to improve the technology of growing flax in the Western region of Ukraine on the basis of the introduction of systems for minimizing tillage, which will increase the yield of trusts and seeds. Research methods: field, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results: Field experiments included the study of three tillage systems (traditional, canning and mulching) and determining their impact on growth and development and yields of trusts and flax seeds. The traditional tillage system included the following operations: plowing with a reversible plow to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage. The conservation system is based on deep shelfless loosening of the soil and provided for chiseling to a depth of 40 cm, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing, pre-sowing tillage. During the implementation of the mulching system, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage with a combined unit was carried out. Tillage implements and machines were used to perform tillage operations: disc harrow BDVP-3,6, reversible plow PON-5/4, chisel PCh-3, cultivator KPSP-4, pre-sowing tillage unit LK-4. The SZ-3,6 ASTPA grain seeder was used for sowing long flax of the Kamenyar variety. Simultaneously with the sowing of flax seeds, local application of mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska 2 c/ha) was carried out. The application of conservation tillage allows to obtain the yield of flax trust at the level of 3,5 t/ha, which is 0,4 t/ha (12.9 %) more than from the area of traditional tillage and 0,7 t/ha (25 %) in comparison with mulching. In the area with canning treatment, the seed yield was the highest and amounted to 0,64 t/ha. The difference between this option and traditional and mulching tillage reaches 0,06 t/ha (10,3 %) and 0.10 t/ha (18.5 %), respectively. Conclusions. Preservation tillage, which is based on shelf-free tillage to a depth of 40 cm and disking to a depth of 15 cm has a positive effect on plant growth and development, yield and quality of flax.

Effects of Liming and Fertilization on the Dehydrogenase and Catalase Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3464-3468
Author(s):  
Alina Dora Samuel ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Ilona Katalin Fodor ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Cristian Felix Blidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Npk Fertilization

In this paper we provide new data about the soil enzyme activity as a biological process, which is an indicator for impacts of factorial combinations of lime and fertilizers applications. Five plots divided into fifteen subplots were sampled for determination of the enzymatic indicators of soil quality, based on the actual and potential dehydrogenase and catalase activities. The research revealed that limed soil samples, in comparison with unlimed ones, resulted in significantly higher soil enzymatic activities (p[0.05) in the upper (0-20 cm), while in the deeper (20-40 cm) layer, only catalase activity was significantly higher (at least at p[0.02). Mineral fertilization, in comparison with its farmyard manuring, led to an insignificant increase in each of the three enzymatic activities determined, excepting catalase activity which was significantly higher (0.05]p]0.02) in the 0-20 cm layer. Based on the absolute values of the enzymatic activities, the enzymatic indicators of soil quality (EISQ) were calculated. The mineral NPK-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 0-20 cm layer, and mineral NP-fertilization and low dose of lime in the 20-40 cm layer proved to be the best variants of fertilization. The enzymatic indicators of soil quality in these variants reached the highest values: EISQ=0.821 and EISQ=0.889, respectively, indicating the presence of high enzymatic activities. It should be emphasized that a balanced application of lime, mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure leads to the formation of favorable conditions for the development of microorganisms, growth of plants and for an intense and lasting enzymatic activity.

Interference of Three Annual Grasses with Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Smith ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
J. D. Green ◽  
Wan M. Wanyahaya ◽  
David L. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Wide Row Spacing

Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, and Texas panicum were evaluated in field experiments over 3 yr to measure their duration of interference and density on grain sorghum yield. When grain yield data were converted to a percentage of the weed-free control, linear regression predicted a 3.6% yield loss for each week of weed interference regardless of year or grass species. Grain sorghum grown in a narrow (61-cm) row spacing was affected little by full-season interference; however, in wide (91-cm) rows, interference increased as grass density increased. Data from the wide-row spacing were described by linear regression following conversion of grain yield to percentages and weed density to log10. A separate nonlinear model also was derived which could predict the effect of weed density on grain sorghum yield.

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