scholarly journals Study of the immunomodulating influence of preparation alpha/beta-defensins on chemo/radiotherapy of patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
H.A. Hirna ◽  
◽  
D.V. Maltsev ◽  
L.V. Natrus ◽  
M.M. Rozhko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Natural Killers ◽  
Cytostatic Therapy ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Dose Dependent

The state of antitumor immunity of patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer during treatment (radiation and chemoradiation therapy), which additionally included α/β-defensin immunotherapy, was studied. In all three study groups, where preparation α/β-defensins was used, there was a more pronounced dose-dependent decrease in the relative number of lymphocytes in the blood than among those receiving cytostatic therapy in mono mode. Patients of group I received radiation therapy and immunotherapy, group II - chemoradiation and immunotherapy, group III - radiation therapy with immunotherapy in increased doses, VI - radiation, V - chemoradiation. Thus, in group І the decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes was by 0.6×109/l, in group II - by 0.82×109/l, and in group III - by 0.93×109/l; by 8.51% there was a decrease in the relative number of lymphocytes in group I, by 15.52% in group II and in group III - by 14.32%. A significant decrease in the absolute number of CD3+ T cells in the blood was registered with a combination of radiation- and immunotherapy: in group I from 1141×106/l to 682×106/l and in group III - from 871×106/l to 309×106/l. At the same time, there was an increase in the relative number of natural killers in the blood of patients undergoing radiation therapy in combination with immunotherapy, also with a dose-dependent effect, the growth in group I is from 16 to 17% and group III - from 13.4 to 19.5%. Among patients undergoing cytostatic therapy, there were significant differences in the absolute number of NKT cells in the combination of radiation and immunotherapy, groups I and III, by reducing the number of these lymphocytes in the blood from 86 to 57 and from 62 to 31, respectively. α/β-defensins have been shown to have a dose-dependent adjuvant effect on cytostatic treatment – radiation, and chemoradiation of patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Simultaneously with the use of the drug α/β-defensins associated additional immunomodulatory effect in the form of the restructuring of the subpopulation of lymphocytes due to an increase in the relative number of natural killers in the blood.

scholarly journals Immune disorders after combined treatment of obese patients with endometrial cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-386
Author(s):  
I. S. Hromakova ◽  
P. P. Sorochan ◽  
N. E. Prokhach ◽  
M. V. Polozova ◽  
I. А. Hromakova
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Immune Disorders ◽  
Group I ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Group Ii

Background. Immune disorders in antitumor treatment of obese patients may depend on the severity of the inflammatory process, which justifies the need to take into account the intensity of the latter in the analysis of complications of antitumor treatment in obese individuals. Purpose – evaluation of immune disorders after radiation therapy in obese patients with different intensity of the inflammatory process.  Materials and methods. 65 patients with stage I–II endometrial cancer underwent pangysterectomy and a postoperative course of remote gamma therapy. Examinations were performed before treatment and after radiation therapy. Subpopulation composition of lymphocytes, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, levels of circulating immune complexes and immunoglobulins G, A, M were determined by standard methods. The SF-3000 «SYSMEX» analyzer was used to evaluate hematological parameters. The level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined using an analyzer «RESPONS 910». Insulin and leptin levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results and discussion. Immune and hematological parameters were evaluated in 3 groups of patients. Group I included patients with normal body weight (BMI < 25), II and III groups consisted of obese patients (BMI > 30). Group II included patients with a CRP level below the median, which was 18,0 mg/l, group III – patients with a CRP level above 18.0 mg/l. In patients of group II there was a higher absolute and relative number of lymphocytes, the absolute number of CD3+-, CD4+- and CD8+-lymphocytes compared with those registered in groups I and III. After radiation therapy, the absolute number of lymphocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations decreased in all groups. As before treatment, higher levels of these indicators were registered in group II. In obese patients, the relative number of NK cells was lower than that determined in patients of group I before and after treatment. Conclusions. Patients with obesity and low intensity of the inflammatory process have less pronounced immune disorders after radiation therapy compared with patients who had a normal body weight and individuals with obesity and high levels of CRP.

Venous thromboembolism incidence in radiation oncology: Retrospective trial.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18289-e18289
Author(s):  
Mikhail A Cherkashin ◽  
Natalia A Berezina
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
External Beam Radiation Therapy ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

e18289 Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention in oncology patients during external beam radiation therapy (RT) in outpatient setting is the challenging question. We performed analysis of our own data. The aim of study is the clear assessment of VTE incidence in these patients Methods: In retrospective analysis 5134 patients' medical records were included (2612 with RT and 2522 with chemotherapy). Inclusion criteria were: RT in outpatient setting and chemotherapy in outpatient setting. Exclusion criteria: combined radiochemotherapy, hospitalzation, central venous catheter, palliative treatment. 487 patients were selected for the final analysis and stratified in 3 groups: group I (n = 165) 3D-conformal RT for brain tumors or brain metastasis; group II (n = 158) RT for body tumors (abdominal, retroabdominal, pelvic, chest, breast); group III (n = 164) was control –brain and body tumors on chemotherapy. Mean fraction numbers were 25 (11 - 32), mean total dose – 52 Gy (22 - 66). VTE assessment based on clinical data, ultrasound examination (US) and chest CT. Statistical analysis was performed by OpenEpi, Version 3 software pack. Results: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was detected in 10 cases (6.06%) in group I, 4 cases in group II and 4 case in control group. VTE patients has a different tumors (astrocytomas, brain trunk tumors, skull basis cancer, rectal cancer, breast cancer). 3 patients were available for long-term outcomes assessment (12 months after radiation therapy). During 1-year period we haven’t detected thrombosis recurrence. One patient on 11th follow-up month was exposed with repeated course of RT without any complications. The difference between VTE incidence for group I and group III characterized by statistical significance (p = 0.018). Risk difference for these groups was 5% (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on study results we suggest that external beam radiation therapy is potentially an independent risk factor for VTE development even in outpatient settings. High degree of clinical suspicion and aggressive diagnostic work-up in case of suspicion is necessary. In our opinion low molecular weight heparins prevention should be considered at least during active radiation therapy.

scholarly journals The Alleviative Effect of Vitamin B2 on Potassium Bromate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Hassan ◽  
Hossam Ebaid ◽  
Ibrahim M. Alhazza ◽  
Jameel Al-Tamimi
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Dose Dependent

Potassium bromate (PB) is a food enhancer, water disinfection by-product, and a proven carcinogen. It elicits toxicities in the living organism due to exposure and in a dose-dependent manner. The present study discourses the ameliorative efficacy of riboflavin (RF) in PB-administered rodents. The animals were distributed into five treatment groups: control (group I), PB alone (group II, 150 mg/kg), RF alone (group III, 2 mg/kg), PB+RF1 (group IV, 150 mg/kg+2 mg/kg), and PB+RF2 (group V, 150 mg/kg+4 mg/kg). After the round of the treatment, the animals were sacrificed to collect their blood and liver samples for the detailed analysis. Group II depicted perturbed liver functions evidenced by altered serum and toxicity markers along with the disturbed redox balance. Also, these biochemical results were found harmonious with histopathological analysis and comet assay. However, group III showed no noticeable alteration in the same parameters, whereas the combination groups (IV and V) exhibited dose-dependent amelioration in the PB-induced toxicities. Interestingly, RF favored apoptosis concomitant with suppressing the necrosis in the PB-challenged groups, as shown by the activity of caspase-3 and lactate dehydrogenase. Histopathological analysis and comet assay further consolidate these results. Hence, RF has significant alleviative property against PB-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo that can be used in the consumer items containing the toxicant.

Meloxicam induced toxicopathology studies in Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pramod Bharani ◽  
A. K. Naik ◽  
S. C. Parija ◽  
S. K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Dose Dependent

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used class of drugs for treating inflammation and pain. Meloxicam has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and is a commonly used NSAID in veterinary practice. The present study was done to evaluate effect of meloxicam on toxico-pathological and hematological parameters in Wistar rats. Eighteen Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups i.e. Group I, Group II and Group III. Group I (negative control) rats received only Normal saline (0.9%) @ 1ml/kg. Group II (Low dose) received meloxicam@ 4 mg/kg B.W. and Group III (High dose) rats received meloxicam@8 mg/kg B.W. orally by gavage for 28 days. Dose-dependent clinical signs and lesions were observed after meloxicam treatment. Kidneys and liver were severely hemorrhagic at the high dose, while intestine and stomach had ulcers and erosions. Hematological values were altered after 28 days of administration. Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Haemoglobin values were decreased and TLC count was significantly increased in both doses of meloxicam treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. It was concluded that meloxicam caused GIT lesions, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and variation in the hematological parameters at selected dose and duration.

scholarly journals Observation of dose dependent intravaginal Prostaglandin E2 application in free farrowing sows during parturition – a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Grahofer ◽  
Ramona Bill ◽  
Heiko Nathues
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Meconium Staining ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel after the birth of the fourth piglet in sows. Twelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 0.5 mg; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV PGE2 application of 2.0 mg PGE2. Total duration of parturition (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval before and after treatment and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths.A significant dose-dependent effect of PGE2 after the fourth piglet in a linear regression model with group I, II and III on the total duration of parturition and the placenta expulsion duration was detected. An increase of the PGE2 dosage from 0 to 1 mg significantly reduced the total duration of parturition (group I: 553.7 ± 114.2; group II:456 ± 167.9; group III: 284.7 ± 40.5; p-value: 0.02) and placenta expulsion duration (group I: 364 ± 120; group II: 289 ± 144.1; group III: 119 ± 46.13; p-value: 0.03). Although no further significant differences between the groups using ANCOVA and a linear regression model including all groups were detected, severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group IV showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia after treatment, and intra-partum deaths were recorded.The best outcome for the sows and piglets was achieved using the 1 mg PGE2 dosage, whereas the other dosages showed more negative side effects, impairing the health and welfare of the animals. The results of this study can be used for further studies with larger sample sizes.

Randomized trial of hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer.

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Jeremic ◽  
Y Shibamoto ◽  
L Acimovic ◽  
L Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Concurrent Chemotherapy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hyperfractionated Radiation Therapy ◽  
Group Ii

PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of combined hyperfractionated radiation therapy (HFX RT) and concurrent chemotherapy (CHT) in stage IIIA or IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with that of HFX RT alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 1988 and December 1989, 169 patients were divided randomly into the following groups: group I, HFX RT with 1.2 Gy twice daily to a total dose of 64.8 Gy (n = 61); group II, same HFX RT with CHT consisting of 100 mg of carboplatin (CBDCA) on days 1 and 2 and 100 mg of etoposide (VP-16) on days 1 to 3 of each week during the RT course (n = 52); and group III, same HFX RT with CHT consisting of 200 mg of CBDCA on days 1 and 2 and 100 mg of VP-16 on days 1 to 5 of the first, third, and fifth weeks of the RT course (n = 56). RESULTS The median survival time (MST) was 8 months for group I, 18 months for group II, and 13 months for group III. The 3-year survival rates were 6.6%, 23%, and 16%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the survival rate between groups I and II (P = .0027, log-rank test), but not between groups I and III (P = .17) or between groups II and III (P = .14). The relapse-free survival rate in group II was also higher than that in group I (P = .0024), which was largely due to improved local control in group II patients. Patients in groups II and III showed a higher incidence of acute and/or late high-grade toxicity compared with group I patients, but no patient died of treatment-related toxicity. CONCLUSION The combination of HFX RT and continuous CBDCA/VP-16 CHT was tolerable and substantially increased the survival rate.

Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
K.K. SEKHRI ◽  
C.S. ALEXANDER ◽  
H.T. NAGASAWA
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

Heterogeneity and Immunochemical Properties of Anti-β2-glycoprotein I Autoantibodies

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (09) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Regnault ◽  
E. Hachulla ◽  
L. Darnige ◽  
B. Roussel ◽  
J. C. Bensa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Dual Reactivity ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Epitope Specificity ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sufficient Concentration

SummaryMost anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are directed against epitopes expressed on β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Despite a good correlation between standard ACA assays and those using purified human β2GPI as the sole antigen, some sera from APS patients only react in the latter. This is indicative of heterogeneity in anti-β2GPI antibodies. To characterize their reactivity profiles, human and bovine β2GPI were immobilized on γ-irradiated plates (β2GPI-ELISA), plain polystyrene precoated with increasing cardiolipin concentrations (CL/β2GPI-ELISA), and affinity columns. Fluid-phase inhibition experiments were also carried out with both proteins. Of 56 selected sera, restricted recognition of bovine or human β2GPI occurred respectively in 10/29 IgA-positive and 9/22 IgM-positive samples, and most of the latter (8/9) were missed by the standard ACA assay, as expected from a previous study. Based on species specificity and ACA results, IgG-positive samples (53/56) were categorized into three groups: antibodies reactive to bovine β2GPI only (group I) or to bovine and human β2GPI, group II being ACA-negative, and group III being ACA-positive. The most important group, group III (n = 33) was characterized by (i) binding when β2GPI was immobilized on γ-irradiated polystyrene or cardiolipin at sufficient concentration (regardless of β2GPI density, as assessed using 125I-β2GPI); (ii) and low avidity binding to fluid-phase β2GPI (Kd in the range 10–5 M). In contrast, all six group II samples showed (i) ability to bind human and bovine β2GPI immobilized on non-irradiated plates; (ii) concentration-dependent blockade of binding by cardiolipin, suggesting epitope location in the vicinity of the phospholipid binding site on native β2GPI; (iii) and relative avidities approximately 100-fold higher than in group III. Group I patients were heterogeneous with respect to CL/β2GPI-ELISA and ACA results (6/14 scored negative), possibly reflecting antibody differences in terms of avidity and epitope specificity. Affinity fractionation of 23 sera showed the existence, in individual patients, of various combinations of antibody subsets solely reactive to human or bovine β2GPI, together with cross-species reactive subsets present in all samples with dual reactivity namely groups III and II, although the latter antibodies were poorly purified on either column. Therefore, the mode of presentation of β2GPI greatly influences its recognition by anti-β2GPI antibodies with marked inter-individual heterogeneity, in relation to ACA quantitation and, possibly, disease presentation and pathogenesis.

Oxygen Fraction Adjustment According to Body Surface Area during Extracorporeal Circulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 098
Author(s):  
Cem Arıtürk ◽  
Serpil Ustalar Özgen ◽  
Behiç Danışan ◽  
Hasan Karabulut ◽  
Fevzi Toraman
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Background:</strong> The inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO<sub>2</sub>) is usually set between 60% and 100% during conventional extracorporeal circulation (ECC). However, this strategy causes partial oxygen pressure (PaO<sub>2</sub>) to reach hyperoxemic levels (&gt;180 mmHg). During anesthetic management of cardiothoracic surgery it is important to keep PaO<sub>2</sub> levels between 80-180 mmHg. The aim of this study was to assess whether adjusting FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in accordance with body temperature and body surface area (BSA) during ECC is an effective method for maintaining normoxemic PaO<sub>2</sub> during cardiac surgery.</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Methods:</strong> After approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Acıbadem, informed consent was given from 60 patients. FiO<sub>2</sub> adjustment strategies applied to the patients in the groups were as follows: FiO<sub>2</sub> levels were set as 0.21 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.21 × BSA + 10 during rewarming in Group I; 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.18 × BSA + 15 during rewarming in Group II; and 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and variable with body temperature during rewarming in Group III. Arterial blood gas values and hemodynamic parameters were recorded before ECC (T1); at the 10th minute of cross clamp (T2); when the esophageal temperature (OT) reached 34°C (T3); when OT reached 36°C (T4); and just before the cessation of ECC (T5).</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean PaO<sub>2</sub> was significantly higher in Group I than in Group II at T2 and T3 (<em>P</em> = .0001 and <em>P</em> = .0001, respectively); in Group I than in Group III at T1 (<em>P</em> = .02); and in Group II than in Group III at T2, T3, and T4 <br /> (<em>P</em> = .0001 for all). </span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjustment of FiO<sub>2</sub> according to BSA rather than keeping it at a constant level is more appropriate for keeping PaO<sub>2</sub> between safe level limits. However, since oxygen consumption of cells vary with body temperature, it would be appropriate to set FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in concordance with the body temperature in the <br /> rewarming period.</span></p>

Features of the cervix uteri in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps and micropolyps

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
◽  
D.G. German ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

The article presents the comparative analysis of the state of the cervix in women with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Patients and methods. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Results. According to the anamnesis of women in the I group were significantly more frequent diseases of the cervix, which corrected physical surgery methods, in particular cryodestruction. In group II, the representatives of these indicators were similar to healthy. Normal colposcopic picture met significantly less frequently in patients and I, and II group. The differences in the incidence of HPV high oncogenic risk in all groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Destructive methods used in the detection of any changes in the cervix are often overly aggressive, form scars and contributing to inflamaciones process. In the chain of events leading to the formation of PE, cervical pathology and its correction can take the basic place. Key words: endometrial polyp, micropolyps, chronic endometritis, uterine cervix, colposcopy.

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