scholarly journals The mound-building mouse (Mus spicilegus) in Western Podillia: expansion on the left bank of the Dnister

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (20) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Vikyrchak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Care Quality ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Biotopic Distribution ◽  
Mus Spicilegus ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Trophic Chains ◽  
Food Reserves

New findings of the mound-building mouse on the left bank of the Dniester in the interfluve of its tributaries—the Dzhuryn and the Nichlava (Chortkiv Raion, Ternopil Oblast)—are described. The presence of Mus spicilegus was established based on findings of food stocks common for this species in the form of mounds, which are easy to detect in the field and which can be clearly diagnosed. Both single mounds and their clusters were taken into account. The specifics of biotopic distribution, formation of food reserves, and the role in trophic chains of this species under conditions of the studied region are indicated. The mound-building mouse is one of the few rodent species that maintain a high abundance under conditions of intensive agriculture, which involves mechanical tillage several times a year and a significant level of chemical use. The distribution of the studied species is influenced primarily by two factors: the level of agricultural techniques in agricultural production (arable farming and crop care, quality of harvesting) and the distance from uncultivated areas. The mound-building mouse usually inhabits agricultural lands with a low level of agriculture (minimal chemicalization and mechanical tillage). These are lands allocated for private gardening or farming. Such lands have increased weeds and crop losses during harvesting, which creates a rich food base. After harvesting, such lands usually do not undergo long-term tillage. Results show that the settlement of arable lands comes from natural or other uncultivated areas, where the nuclei of populations are concentrated. In autumn, under the above favourable conditions, population growth is observed in adjacent cultivated lands, where winter food reserves are formed in the form of characteristic mounds. On large-area crops of monocultures cultivated by large agricultural firms, mounds are usually absent. The level of agro-technical pressure on the same area varies from year to year. This causes temporary instability in the appearance of mounds. They disappear where anthropogenic impact has re-emerged significantly and re-appear where there has been a weakening. The role of the mound-building mouse in trophic chains and in maintaining regional biodiversity is shown.

scholarly journals Social Changes on Basisombow in The Community of Kampar Riau Regency

Catharsis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Osmawinda Putri ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
Udi Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inspection Process

Basisombow is a literature that develops in the North Kampar of Kampar District. In antiquity Basisombow was used for traditional event, wedding, and circumcision event. The research aims to describe and analyze the social change of Basisombow in the community of Kampar Riau Regency. This study used qualitative research, with a sociological approach. Observation technology, interviews and documentation are used as instruments of the research in collecting the data. The data analysis procedures used data reduction, data presentation and data verification. The validity of the data in this study used Triangulation source that was performed for the inspection process by examining data from multiple sources. The results of the study that Basisombow experienced social change as follows: 1). Changes on Kampar community structure; 2). new findings and other cultural contacts; 3). Differences of opinion amongst generations. In particular, the findings in social change are influenced by 2 (two) factors such as; external and internal factors which are related to the social environment of the Kampar community.

A FIELD TEST FOR ASSESSING THE WINTER HARDINESS OF ALFALFA IN NORTHWESTERN CANADA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 917-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McKENZIE ◽  
G. E. McLEAN
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Snow Removal ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Natural Snow ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Northern Alberta

A procedure is described for separating differences in winter hardiness among alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars under field conditions. The procedure depends upon two factors associated with winterkill in northern Alberta during the 1977–1978 winter, namely, low food reserves in the crowns resulting from improper cutting management plus cold stress due to lack of snow in early winter. To induce these conditions we recommend that year-old plants be clipped in mid-June, late July and early September and that snow be removed once from the plot during early winter on the first day that air temperatures below −30 °C are forecasted. Natural snow fall can protect the plot for the remainder of the winter. If soil temperatures do not drop close to the range of the LT50 of the control cultivars, snow cover may be removed again provided air temperatures are below −30 °C. Cultivar rankings for winter hardiness following severe stress induced by snow removal were significantly correlated (r = 0.944**) with the mean survival observed at five locations following natural winter stresses in this region. Although additional work is warranted, the induced stress procedure has real merit in screening winter-hardy genotypes in the field and in assessing management techniques to reduce the effects of stressful winter environments on alfalfa production in northwestern Canada.Key words: Alfalfa, winter hardiness, field test, snow removal, frequent clipping

Directional Growth of Si Nanowires on Insulating Films by Electric-Field-Assisted Metal-Induced Lateral Crystallization

2005 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kanno ◽  
Atsushi Kenjo ◽  
Taizoh Sadoh ◽  
Masanobu Miyao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Si Nanowires ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Directional Growth ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lateral Crystallization

ABSTRACTMetal-induced lateral crystallization of amorphous Si has been investigated under a wide range of electric fields (0-4000 V/cm). In the low field region (<100 V/cm), lateral growth velocity at the cathode side was enhanced by applying an electric field. This achieved formation of poly-Si with a large area (∼50 μm) during low-temperature annealing (525°C, 25 h). When the electric field exceeded 100 V/cm, the lateral growth velocity decreased with increasing the electric field strength. Under the extremely high electric field (>2000 V/cm), directional growth aligned to the electric field was observed. This new findings will be a powerful tool to achieve new poly-Si with highly controlled structures.

scholarly journals A Directionally Sensitive Motion Detecting Neurone in the Brain of a Moth

1983 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Claire Rind
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Firing Frequency ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Directional Response ◽  
Stimulus Movement ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
The Brain

1. In the moth, Manduca sexta, a pair of neurones, one on each side of the brain, were characterized morphologically and physiologically as descending interneurones, selective for horizontal motion over a large area of the moth's visual field. 2. Their cell bodies and dendritic processes are located in the protocerebrum of the brain. Their axons, 12–15 [μm diameter, project down the ipsilateral connective, branching profusely on the ipsilateral side of the suboesophageal, prothoracic and pterothoracic ganglia. 3. Each neurone responds to movement over either retina. Their preferred directions are from front to back across the ipsilateral eye and back to front over the contralateral one. Movement in the opposite direction supresses their usual ‘resting’ discharge. The neurones are particularly sensitive to movements within the frontal, ventral visual field. 4. Each neurone responds repeatedly, for up to 5 h, to a stimulus oscillating back and forth across the retinae. The response is not diminished during concurrent wing flapping. 5. An increase in the velocity of stimulus movement produces a proportional increase in firing frequency. For stripes of 2.5 cm wavelength and subtending 32° at the eye, the maximum response occurs at a velocity of 3cm/s which gives a contrast frequency of 1.2 Hz. 6. The latency of the neurone's response, measured from its axon as it enters the pterothoracic ganglion, depends on at least two factors: light intensity and the speed of stimulus movement. 7. The neurone gives a directional response to stripes of period 6–4° in bright light. The response falls to 16° in dim light. 8. At night, in dim light, the latency of response is much reduced and the threshold light intensity, necessary for a directional response, decreases by two orders of magnitude.

scholarly journals The impact of broadleaved woodland on water resources in lowland UK: III. The results from Black Wood and Bridgets Farm compared with those from other woodland and grassland sites

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roberts ◽  
P. Rosier
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Shallow Soils ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the United Kingdom the planting of broadleaved woodland has led to concerns about the impact on water resources. Comparative studies, typically using soil water measurements, have been established to compare water use of broadleaved woodland and grassland. The diversity of outcomes from these studies makes it difficult to make any consistent prediction of the hydrological impact of afforestation. Most studies have shown greater drying of soils under broadleaved woodland than under grass. However, two studies in a beech wood growing on shallow soils above chalk at Black Wood, Micheldever, Hampshire showed little overall difference between broadleaved woodland and grass, either in soil water abstraction or in evaporation. Two factors are thought to contribute to the different results from Black Wood. It is known that evaporation can be considerably enhanced at the edges of woodlands or in small areas of woodlands. The studies at Black Wood were made well within a large area of fairly uniform woodland. Other studies in which a difference occurred in soil drying between broadleaved woodland and grass used measurements made in small areas of woodlands or at woodland edges. Another important difference between comparison of woodland at Black Wood and grassland growing nearby, also on shallow soils above Chalk, compared to other broadleaved woodland/grass comparisons, growing on other geologies, is the influence of the Chalk. Although vegetation such as grass (and woodland) does not populate the chalk profusely with roots, water can be removed from the Chalk by the roots which proliferate at the soil/chalk interface and which can generate upward water movement within the Chalk. Published work showed that only in a very dry summer did the evaporation from grass growing on shallow soils above chalk fall below potential. In broadleaved woodland/grass comparisons on non-chalky soils it is possible that moisture deficits in the soil below the grass may reach critical levels and reduce evaporation below that of the woodland with which it is being compared.

scholarly journals NEW FINDINGS OF ALIEN PLANT ERGAZIOPHYTES IN THE LEFT BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Davydov D. A.
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Solidago Gigantea ◽  
Salvia Sclarea ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Iris Germanica

The article summarizes the data on the distribution of 25 alien vascular plants in the territory of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. All of them are ergaziophytes (mostly ornamental plants) escaped from their areas of cultivation. Ten species (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees, Iberis umbellata L., Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv., Ricinus communis L., Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L., Iris germanica L., Salvia sclarea L., Mirabilis jalapa L., Sorghum drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) Millsp. & Chase and Viola sororia Willd.) have been firstly found as wild plants in this region. Four species (Rudbeckia triloba L., Euphorbia marginata Pursh, Portulaca grandiflora Hook. and Solanum lycopersicum L.) are new for Poltava region, one(Solidago gigantea W.T. Aiton) – for Sumy region, two (Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng. and Salvia sclarea L.) – for Kharkiv city and Kharkiv region. The data of distribution of Amaranthus caudatus L. in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were confirmed by herbarium specimen. Other eight species (Allium schoenoprasum L., Calendula officinalis L., Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet, Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L. Nesom, Dianthus barbatus L., Phedimus spurius (M. Bieb.) 't Hart, Phlox paniculata L., Solanum tuberosum L.) belong to locally distributed alien plants. Based on analysis of the chorology of these species, it is found that eight alien plants have North-American origin, other main regional chorological groups are represented by species from Eastern Asia (4), South America (3) and Europe (3). Major part of the found alien plants includes ephemerophytes in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (22 species), only three representatives (Heliopsis helianthoides, Phedimus spurius and Solidago gigantea) are naturalized on this territory and belong to the stable floristic component. Two species (Hemerocallis fulva and Iris germanica) are sporadically distributed in different locations, but represented by vegetative clones only and have not been considered as elements of the spontaneous flora. Key words: adventive plants, new localities, Forest-Steppe zone.

scholarly journals Super-resolved polarisation-enhanced second harmonic generation for direct imaging of nanoscale changes in collagen architecture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Johnson ◽  
Artemis Karvounis ◽  
H. Johnson Singh ◽  
Christopher J. Brereton ◽  
Konstantinos Bourdakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic Generation ◽  
Harmonic Generation ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Fundamental Wavelength ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Biological Structures

AbstractSuper-resolution (SR) optical microscopy has allowed the investigation of many biological structures below the diffraction limit, however, most of the techniques are hampered by the need for fluorescent labels. Non-linear label-free techniques such as Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) provide structurally specific contrast without the addition of exogenous labels, allowing observation of unperturbed biological systems. Here we achieve super-resolution SHG (SR-SHG) for the first time. We use the photonic nanojet (PNJ) phenomena to achieve a resolution of ~λ/6 with respect to the fundamental wavelength, a ~2.7-fold improvement over diffraction-limited SHG under the same imaging conditions. Crucially we find that the polarisation properties of excitation are maintained in a PNJ allowing the resolution to be further enhanced by detection of polarisation-resolved SHG (p-SHG) by observing anisotropy in signals. These new findings allowed us to visualise biological SHG-active structures such as collagen at an unprecedented and previously unresolvable spatial scale. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of an array of self-assembled high-index spheres overcomes the issue of a limited field of view for such a method, allowing PNJ-assisted SR-SHG to be used over a large area. Dysregulation of collagen at the nanoscale occurs in many diseases and is an underlying cause in diseases such as lung fibrosis. Here we are able to demonstrate that pSR-SHG allows unprecedented observation of changes at the nanoscale that are invisible by conventional diffraction-limited SHG imaging. The ability to non-destructively image SHG-active biological structures without labels at the nanoscale with a relatively simple optical method heralds the promise of a new tool to understand biological phenomena and drive drug discovery.

scholarly journals Gray forest soils peculiarities of loess islands in Polissia and Left-Bank Wooded Steppe of Ukraine

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Kanivets
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Natural Zones ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Central Russian Upland ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
High Level

The article reviews the achievements in gray forest soils study, reveals the main tenets of their formation and the results of authors’ research. The authors were induced to carry out the research, stated in the article, by the necessity to convert from the generalized characteristics of gray forest soils to the differentiated ones, as it is very important with regard to sustainable use of soils fertility and developing their stabilization measures. The article deals with the peculiarities of gray forest soils in left-bank Ukraine from the aspect of these soils characteristic features discreteness within the area stretching from the Podillia to Central Russian Upland. The research was carried out in two provinces – in Chernihiv region, in the transition zone from Polissia (woodlands) to Wooded Steppe, where gray forest soils occur on loess islands and in northern part of Wooded Steppe in the valley terraces of the Desna and Dnipro rivers, and also in Kharkiv region in droughty Eastern Wooded Steppe of Ukraine. It is shown that gray forest soils of loess islands of Polissia (woodlands) and northern part of Wooded Steppe were formed mainly on loessivated sandy loams and partly on loessial loam soils. Among the analogs from other regions they have the shortest humus part of the profile. By the way, humus coloration of the profile increases maximally in the soils of the most humid regions in the Podillia Upland, and in the northern part of the Central Russian Upland. In Polissia (woodlands) and the adjacent (northern) belt of Wooded Steppe gray forest soils contain a very little amount of humus (1,2–1,6 %), have high acidity, contain few nutrients, especially nitrogen. Though, in husbandries of durable optimal arable farming culture rather fertile soils are formed, even on loess sandy loams. They contain 2,4–2,7 % of humus, are saturated with bases by 90–93 %, are characterized by the close to neutral condition reaction, have high content of phosphorus and potassium, and sufficient content of nitrogen. The soils of droughty Eastern Wooded Steppe adjoining to right banks of river valleys, mostly along the edges of plateau terraces, were formed on heavy loamy loesses. The biggest tract is situated around the city of Kharkiv (Kharkiv refugium). They contain more humus (over 2 %), have a deeper dark-gray coloration of the profile, have a less lack of bases and are more saturated with nutrients, though have substantial acidity. It is stated, that in the virgin gray forest soils (in groves) a rather high level of fertility is formed, active accumulation of humus, nitrogen and ashy elements, which are very important for soils fertility, takes place in particular. This is proved by the conclusions of S. V. Zonn and A. P. Travleev about the fact that a broad-leaved forest is not only the cause of leaching and podzolizing. But the factors of fertility decrease rapidly in arable soils. It is caused by stressful aeration while mechanical tilling, which is resulted in intensive mineralization of organic matter. All the above-mentioned peculiarities of gray forest soils properties are the necessary base of regional adaptive-landscape agriculture planning. As for the improvement of gray forest soils classification, the necessity of singling out gray forest soils subtypes according to natural zones and facies is proved, including singling out the above introduced subtype of gray forest soils and the subtype of gray wooded steppe soils.

Differentification features of modern arid landscapes of Middle Araz plain

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
Reyhan Fikrət qızı Rüstəmova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Arid Landscapes ◽  
Autonomous Republic

The article d4remonstrated Sadarak, Sharur, Boyukduz, Nakhchivan, Julfa, Yayji, Kangarli, Deste, Ordubad, etc., located in the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic along the left bank of the Araz River and covering a large area. The features of modern arid-denudation landscape forms formed in such plains as. In the presented scientific work the altered relief, location features of flora and fauna, exposed to anthropogenic influences in the Arazboyu plains of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, as well as the factors that create modern arid landscapes in the area. Key words: Plains of Arazboyu, landscape, anthropogenesis, arid-denudation, differentiation

scholarly journals Influence of Size and Administrative Organization on Costs of Rural Roads

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Lamb ◽  
Wilfred H. Pine
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Administrative Unit

Providing and maintaining roads are major public services. Costs of these services are influenced by many factors. This paper examines the influence of two factors, size of operation and type of administrative organization, on costs of rural roads.An administrative unit providing roads for a small area, county, or township, with a given density of roads might experience higher costs per unit of area than an administrative unit providing road service for a larger area, all other conditions being the same. It likely would experience disadvantages in buying supplies and equipment, making full use of equipment, hiring competent help, and in other ways. However, the unit with a large area could run into diseconomies through high administrative and supervisional costs. Actually, it may not be that simple. This study tests the idea empirically.

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