scholarly journals ASPEK DIPLOMASI, STRATEGI PERTAHANAN SEMESTA, DAN IRREGULAR WARFARE DALAM PENANGGANAN GERAKAN DISINTEGRASI DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Rizqa Noor Abdi ◽  
Joni Wijayanto ◽  
I Wayan Midhio
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
East Timor ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Irregular Warfare ◽  
West Java ◽  
Defense Strategy ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Free Aceh Movement ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic

Abstract. The aspects of diplomacy, total defense strategy, and irregular warfare are important aspects which, if combined correctly, will be effective in the strategy of winning the war, including fighting quelling uprisings that threaten the disintegration of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia/NKRI). This paper presents a comparison of the application of the above aspects in three cases of rebellion in Indonesia, namely Darul Islam/ Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) in West Java, the Fretilin group in East Timor, and the Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka/GAM) in Aceh. Descriptive comparisons refer to the use of library materials to describe the common thread of differences and similarities of the three movements. As a result, exposure to differences and similarities from the application of aspects of diplomacy, total defense strategy, and irregular warfare in the three cases above. Even though the time constraints and understanding of descriptive analysis may have been a limitation in this paper, the comparative presentation presented can be subject to further study, especially regarding the case of war to quell the rebellion in Indonesia. Abstrak. Aspek diplomasi, strategi pertahanan semesta, dan irregular warfare adalah aspek penting jika dikombinasikan secara tepat akan efektif dalam strategi memenangkan peperangan, termasuk perang meredam pemberontakan yang mengancam disintegrasi Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI). Makalah ini memaparkan perbandingan penerapan ketika aspek di atas dalam tiga kasus pemberontakan di Indonesia, yaitu Darul Islam/Tentra Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) di Jawa Barat, kelompok Fretelin di Timor-Timur, dan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) di Aceh. Perbandingan deskriptif mengacu kepada penggunaan bahan pustaka dilakukan untuk memaparkan benang merah perbedaan dan persamaan dari ketiganya. Hasilnya, paparan perbedaan dan persamaan dari penerapan aspek diplomasi, strategi pertahanan semesta, dan irreguler warfare dari ketiga kasus di atas. Meskipun dengan keterbatasan waktu dan pemahaman analisis deskriptif mungkin menjadi batasan dalam makalah ini, tetapi paparan perbandingan yang disampaikan dapat menjadi bahan kajian selanjutnya, khususnya menyangkut kasus perang meredam pemberontakan di Indonesia.

scholarly journals Additional nest structures and natural enemies of stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
NORITA WIDYA PANGESTIKA ◽  
TRI ATMOWIDI ◽  
SIH KAHONO
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Nest Entrance ◽  
Nest Structure ◽  
West Java ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nitidulid Beetles

Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are widely distributed in tropics and subtropics areas. Now these bees are farmed by the human because they produce honey and propolis. Natural enemies can disturb the colony that affects to nest structure and productivity of these bees. This study aimed to study the common nest structure and additional nest structure of stingless bees which caused by natural enemies. This research was conducted from August to November 2015. Samples were taken from three locations, i.e, Pasuruan (East Java), Tasikmalaya (West Java), and Rangkasbitung (Banten). Descriptive analysis was used to compare the structure and composition of the nest in bamboo and additional nest structures in relation with natural enemies. Generally, the structure and composition of the nest of stingless bees in bamboo consist of nest entrance, storage pots (honey and pollen), and brood cells. We didn’t found natural enemies of stingless bees in Pasuruan and Tasikmalaya and these colonies did not create additional nest structures. In contrast, the colonies in Rangkasbitung created additional nest structures i.e. the inner entrance covered by batumen and cerumen and also build a root-like structure. Natural enemies found in the colony at Rangkasbitung were cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattidae), histerid beetles, Platysoma leconti (Coleoptera: Histeridae), nitidulid beetles, Carphophilus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and ants, Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).

scholarly journals Flypaper Effect Pada Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) Terhadap Belanja Daerah (Studi Pada Pemerintahan Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Barat Periode 2011-2013)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Ade Irma Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Flypaper Effect ◽  
West Java ◽  
Local Revenue ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Republic

This study aims to determine the effect of local revenue (PAD) and the General Allocation Fund (DAU) to the Expenditures of Regional as well as the possibility of flypaper effect on the country/city in East Java, Central Java and West Java the period 2011-2013. The method used in thus research is quantitative method. The population used is the district/city in East Java, Central and West Java. Sampling using purposive sampling and sample in this research is 100 district/cities with details of East Java Province 38 District/city, West Java 35 district/city and West Java 27 district/city.The data used in this research is secondary data which the data obtained from reports of Regional Budget obtained via the website Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia Directorate General of Regional Financial Balance. The analysis in this research is using descriptive analysis, classical assumption test and multiple linear regression. Result from this research that indicates that the local revenue (PAD) affects regional expenditure as well as with the General Allocation Fund (DAU) also affects regional expenditure and occurred flypaper effect on the country/city in East Java,Central Java and West Java periods 2011-2013.

K.H. Abdul Halim dan Gagasan Pendidikan Ekonomi Berbasis Pesantren

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Asep Saefullah
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Education Economics ◽  
West Java ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economics And Politics

This paper discusses the biography of K.H. Abdul Halim, a cleric, educator, political activist, a national hero, who was born in Jatiwangi, Majalengka, West Java on June 26, 1887 and died on May 7, 1962, in a peaceful and quiet place, Santi Asromo, Majalengka. The title of the National Hero from the Government of Indonesia was granted on the basis of his important roles in education, economics and politics. Among his legacy are the religious educational institutions, namely Santi Asromo Pesantren, the religious organization of the Islamic Ummah Union (PUI), and several books such as the Kitab Petunjuk bagi Sekalian Manusia (Manual for Man), Ekonomi dan Koperasi dalam Islam (Economics and Cooperative in Islam), dan Ketetapan Pengajaran di Sekolah Ibtidaiyah Persyarikatan Ulama (The Teaching Decrees at Ibtidaiyah Persyarikatan Ulama School). His biography is a manifestation of appreciation for his services and works, his struggle and his devotion to science and people, as well as his role and contribution in building the nation of Indonesia with noble character and dignity. Another milestone of his is the value of the struggle and at the same time his Islamic scholarship can be an example for the younger generation in particular and for anyone who aspires to build a nation of Indonesia which is based on the Belief in One God, fair and civilized, united in the context of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Keywords: Kiai, Education, Pesantren, Majalengka, West Java Tulisan ini mengangkat biografi K.H. Abdul Halim dan gagasannya tentang pendidikan ekonomi di pesantren. Ia memiliki nama kecil Otong Syatori, dikenal sebagai ulama pejuang, pendidik, dan aktivis politik. Ia dilahirkan di Desa Ciborelang, Kecamatan Jatiwangi, Majalengka, Jawa Barat, pada 26 Juni 1887, dan wafat dalam usia 75 tahun pada 7 Mei 1962, di Santi Asromo, Majalengka. Ia mendapat gelar Pahlawan Nasional dari Pemerintah RI tahun 2008. Perjuangannya meliputi pendidikan, ekonomi, dan politik. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah deskriptif-analitis dengan perspektif historis. Adapun fokusnya, selain biog¬rafi singkat K.H. Abdul Halim, juga tentang konsep pendidikan eko¬no¬mi berbasis pesantren. Dari hasil pembahasan ditemukan bahwa ia telah melakukan pembaharuan di bidang pendidikan agama dan sekaligus memberikan keterampilan kewirausahaan bagi santri dan lulusannya. Awalnya gagasan tersebut berasal dari konsep pembaharuannya yang disebut Iṣlāḥ as-Ṡamāniyyah, yaitu: perbaikan akidah, ibadah, pendidikan, keluarga, kebiasaan (adat), masyarakat, ekonomi, dan hubungan umat dan tolong-menolong. Di bidang pendidikan, ia memadukan sistem pesantren dengan sistem sekolah, ilmu-ilmu agama dengan ilmu-ilmu umum, serta memberkali para santrinya dengan berbagai keterampilan tangan dan keahlian teknik. Di bidang ekonomi, disebutnya dengan Iṣlāḥ al-Iqtiṣād, untuk menanggulangi ketimpangan ekonomi di masyarakat, yaitu dengan menanamkan kesadaran kepada kaum muslimin agar berusaha memperbai¬ki dan meningkatkan kehidupan ekonominya dan berjuang secara bersama-sama melalui wadah koperasi. Kata kunci: Abdul Halim, Santi Asromo, pendidikan ekonomi, Iṣlāḥ as-Ṡamāniyyah, Iṣlāḥ al-Iqtiṣād

Transnational Patriotism in the Mediterranean, 1800-1850

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina Zanou
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Space ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Multicultural Context ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ugo Foscolo ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Republic

Transnational Patriotism in the Mediterranean, 1800–1850: Stammering the Nation investigates the long process of transition from a world of empires to a world of nation-states by narrating the biographies of a group of people who were born within empires but came of age surrounded by the emerging vocabulary of nationalism, much of which they themselves created. It is the story of a generation of intellectuals and political thinkers from the Ionian Islands who experienced the collapse of the Republic of Venice and the dissolution of the common cultural and political space of the Adriatic, and who contributed to the creation of Italian and Greek nationalisms. By uncovering this forgotten intellectual universe, Transnational Patriotism in the Mediterranean retrieves a world characterized by multiple cultural, intellectual, and political affiliations that have since been buried by the conventional narrative of the formation of nation-states. The book rethinks the origins of Italian and Greek nationalisms and states, highlighting the intellectual connection between the Italian peninsula, Greece, and Russia, and re-establishing the lost link between the changing geopolitical contexts of western Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Balkans in the Age of Revolutions. It re-inscribes important intellectuals and political figures, considered ‘national fathers’ of Italy and Greece (such as Ugo Foscolo, Dionysios Solomos, Ioannis Kapodistrias, and Niccolò Tommaseo), into their regional and multicultural context, and shows how nations emerged from an intermingling, rather than a clash, of ideas concerning empire and liberalism, Enlightenment and religion, revolution and conservatism, and East and West.

The Logicism of Frege, Dedekind, and Russell

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Demopoulos ◽  
Peter Clark
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Synthetic A Priori ◽  
The Common

This article is organized around logicism's answers to the following questions: What is the basis for our knowledge of the infinity of the numbers? How is arithmetic applicable to reality? Why is reasoning by induction justified? Although there are, as is seen in this article, important differences, the common thread that runs through all three of the authors discussed in this article their opposition to the Kantian thesis that reflection on reasoning with mere concepts (i.e., without attention to intuitions formed a priori) can never succeed in providing satisfactory answers to these three questions. This description of the core of the view differs from more usual formulations which represent the opposition to Kant as an opposition to the contention that mathematics in general, and arithmetic in particular, are synthetic a priori rather than analytic.

Pensare Dio. Spunti di riflessione in dialogo con Anca Vasiliu

Elenchos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Angela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Trinity

AbstractThe following work features elements to ponder and an in-depth explanation taken on the Anca Vasiliu’s study about the possibilities and ways of thinking of God by a rational entity, such as the human being. This is an ever relevant topic that, however, takes place in relation to Platonic authors and texts, especially in Late Antiquity. The common thread is that the human being is a God’s creature who resembles him and who is image of. Nevertheless, this also applies within the Christian Trinity according to which, not without problems, the Son is the image of the Father. Lastly, also the relationship of the Spirit with the Father and the Son, always within the Trinity, can be considered as a relationship of similarity, but again not without critical issues between the similarity of attributes, on the one hand, and the identity of nature, on the other.

scholarly journals Challenges of Spa Tourism in Andalusia: Experts’ Proposed Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Anaya-Aguilar ◽  
German Gemar ◽  
Carmen Anaya-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Autonomous Community ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Common Thread ◽  
The Common

Water is the common thread and attraction factor of the tourism facilities called “spas”, which are part of health and beauty services. Spa use is currently experiencing a boom that reflects changes in populations, such as an increase in economic wellbeing and a desire to reunite with nature. This research’s objectives were to understand spa tourism’s structural and operational dimensions and to assess this sector’s current situation by using the Delphi method with a panel of 22 experts. The results show that these experts believe that, in Andalusia, spas energize the area as a tourism destination through their natural resources and conservation of key elements. However, spa development policies are scarce, including a lack of autonomous community laws regarding these facilities.

Triumvirate and Principate

1973 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 50-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fergus Millar
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
New Method ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Res Publica

More than thirty years after its publication The Roman Revolution still stands unrivalled, not as the ‘definitive’ account of the emergence of a monarch from the ruins of the Republic but as something far more than that, the demonstration of a new method in the presentation of historical change. The aspect of this method, which has found most imitation, is of course prosopography; and it is indeed essential to it. But far more important is the use made of contemporary literature to mirror events, and to analyse and define the concepts and the terms in which the events were seen by those who lived through them.It is the common characteristic, perhaps even the definition, of great works of history that they invite imitation and offer a challenge, not just to apply their methods and standards to other areas, but to pursue their own conclusions further. The present paper is gratefully offered as an attempt to portray with a different emphasis some aspects of the establishment of Octavian as a monarch, first by demonstrating the extent to which the institutions of the res publica remained active in the Triumviral period, and secondly by redefining the change which culminated in 27 B.C., precisely by asking again in what terms it and the novus status which emerged from it were seen by contemporaries.

Population abundance of the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius in the Haut Niger National Park, Republic of Guinea / Abondance de la population d'hippopotame commun Hippopotamus amphibius dans le Parc National du Haut Niger, République de Guinée

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brugière ◽  
Bakary Magassouba ◽  
Amidou Sylla ◽  
Halimou Diallo ◽  
Mamadou Sow
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
The Status ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe Republic of Guinea is thought to contain the largest population of common hippopotamus in West Africa. However, no systematic field survey has been carried out recently and the information available is limited to informal observations. To clarify the status of the common hippopotamus in Guinea, we carried out a biannual population survey along the section of the Niger River (the largest river in Guinea) within the Haut Niger National Park. We counted 93 hippopotamuses in 28 groups in the dry season and 77 hippopotamuses in 23 groups in the wet season. Mean group size and number of neonates did not change between the seasons. Hippopotomuses were more numerous along the river sections bordering uncultivated floodplains. This underlines the significance of this habitat (which is used as a grazing area) for conservation of this species. Haut Niger National Park is the most important protected area in Guinea for conservation of the common hippopotamus. Hippopotamus-human and -cattle conflicts in terms of floodplain use in the park's buffer zone should be closely monitored. Floodplain conversion to rice fields represents one of the most important threats to the long-term conservation of hippopotamus populations in Guinea.

How Europeans adopted Anatolia and created Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIK JAN ZÜRCHER
Keyword(s):  
Political Leadership ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Political ◽  
Secular Modernity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Small Band ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Turkish Society

The Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923. In the first 20 years of its existence, the political leadership of the republic embarked on a process of nation building in Anatolia and at the same time changed the face of Turkish society, stamping on it a particular brand of secular modernity. This article tries to find out what were the common characteristics of the small band of men who made up the leadership of the republic and to what extent their shared background and experience can help explain the course they charted for Turkey after its creation. One of the conclusions is that Turkey, although located geographically for more than 90% in Asia, is in fact a creation of Europeans, who shaped the country after their own image.

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