scholarly journals The Profile of Antihypertensive Drug Prescriptions and Interactions at Pindad General Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yane S. Herliany ◽  
Siti R. Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Retrospective Data Collection ◽  
Health Organization

Hypertension is a major problem in the world. World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 1.13 billion people in the world suffer from hypertension. This study aimed to determine antihypertensive prescription profile and drug interaction in outpatient installation at PINDAD General Hospital, Bandung in January 2019. This study was non-experimental observational studies with retrospective data collection. There were 381 patients with hypertension (50,13% female and 49,87% male). The most widely used antihypertensive drug is Amlodipine (33,28%) and Calcium Channel Blocker drug (34,20%). Moreover, we found 74,07% was moderate drug-drug interaction (DDI) with Amlodipine and Lisinopril as the most common cases (21,08%). We concluded that 15,7% prescription contain antihypertensive drugs and moderate DDI occurred in the use of amlodipine and lisinopril. DDI should get more attention due to the clinical manifestations that may occur in patients.

COVID 19: REALS AND CHALLENGES AGAINST DOCTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Zen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Pneumonia Case ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Health Organization

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was discovered in December 2019 in China. This disease can cause clinical manifestations in the airway, lung and systemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) representative of China reported a pneumonia case with unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on December 31, 2019. The cause was identified as a new type of coronavirus on January 7, 2020 with an estimated source of the virus from traditional markets (seafood market). ) Wuhan city

scholarly journals Neglected tropical diseases in Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Angelo L. Lindoso ◽  
Ana Angélica B.P. Lindoso
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Organization

Poverty is intrinsically related to the incidence of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). The main countries that have the lowest human development indices (HDI) and the highest burdens of NTDs are located in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Among these countries is Brazil, which is ranked 70th in HDI. Nine out of the ten NTDs established by the World Health Organization (WHO) are present in Brazil. Leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, dengue fever and leprosy are present over almost the entire Brazilian territory. More than 90% of malaria cases occur in the Northern region of the country, and lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis occur in outbreaks in a particular region. The North and Northeast regions of Brazil have the lowest HDIs and the highest rates of NTDs. These diseases are considered neglected because there is not important investment in projects for the development of new drugs and vaccines and existing programs to control these diseases are not sufficient. Another problem related to NTDs is co-infection with HIV, which favors the occurrence of severe clinical manifestations and therapeutic failure. In this article, we describe the status of the main NTDs currently occurring in Brazil and relate them to the HDI and poverty.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF GIVING CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus) TO DECREASE HEMOGLOBIN TROMBOSITE AND IMPROVEMEN IN PRE-ECLAMMED PATIENTS AT DEWI SARTIKA HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Novia Sarmiati ◽  
Erwin Azizi Jaya Dipraja ◽  
La Banudi
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
World Health ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The World ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Number Of Births

Background:According to the World Health Organization (WHO) every day in 2015, around 830 women die from complications of pregnancy and child birth. Globally, maternal mortality in the world is 303,000. The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia based on the Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (IDHS) in 2012 was around 359 / 100,000 live births, this figure increased compared to 2007, which was around 228 / 100,000 live births. Data from Dewi Sartika General Hospital with preeclampsia cases for the last three years. In 2017, the number of births in 1855 who experienced preeclampsia were 305 cases. In 2018 the number of births in 1822 who experienced preeclampsia was 334 cases. In 2019 the number of deliveries in 2007 who experienced preeclampsia was 377 cases. For 2020 January to June number of deliveries695 the incidence of preeclampsia was 164 cases. Methods:This study used a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test control group method design. The population in this study were all 164 preeclampsia patients from August to October 2020. Result:Test data analysis using testwilcoxon test (? = 0.05) in the cucumber group, it was found that p = 0.000 on decreased hemoglobin and increased platelets Conclusion:There is an effect of cucumber on decreasing hemoglobin and increasing platelets in preeclampsia patients at Dewi Sartika General Hospital.

scholarly journals ADME and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Remdesivir: Its Drug Interaction Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Subrata Deb ◽  
Anthony Allen Reeves ◽  
Robert Hopefl ◽  
Rebecca Bejusca
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic, which tested healthcare systems, administrations, and treatment ingenuity across the world. COVID-19 is caused by the novel beta coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the inception of the pandemic, treatment options have been either limited or ineffective. Remdesivir, a drug originally designed to be used for Ebola virus, has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and has been included in the COVID-19 treatment regimens. Remdesivir is an adenosine nucleotide analog prodrug that is metabolically activated to a nucleoside triphosphate metabolite (GS-443902). The active nucleoside triphosphate metabolite is incorporated into the SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral chains, preventing its replication. The lack of reported drug development and characterization studies with remdesivir in public domain has created a void where information on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination (ADME) properties, pharmacokinetics (PK), or drug-drug interaction (DDI) is limited. By understanding these properties, clinicians can prevent subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic levels of remdesivir and thus avoid further complications in COVID-19 patients. Remdesivir is metabolized by both cytochrome P450 (CYP) and non-CYP enzymes such as carboxylesterases. In this narrative review, we have evaluated the currently available ADME, PK, and DDI information about remdesivir and have discussed the potential of DDIs between remdesivir and different COVID-19 drug regimens and agents used for comorbidities. Considering the nascent status of remdesivir in the therapeutic domain, extensive future work is needed to formulate safer COVID-19 treatment guidelines involving this medication.

scholarly journals Medicine recalls in Saudi Arabia: a retrospective review of drug alerts (January 2010–January 2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra T. AlQuadeib ◽  
Iman M. Alfagih ◽  
Ameera H. Alnahdi ◽  
Shadia M. Alharbi ◽  
Rawan A. Al-ahmari
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Therapeutic Class ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background A new incidence of a substandard medicinal product is discovered weekly as stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) around the world. After discovering an incidence of a substandard medicinal product, a drug recall announced to remove the affected medicinal product from the market. Drug recalls in SaudiArabia (SA) are made by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) or the distributors of the drug when certain criteria are met. A retrospective study of drug recalls in SA was carried out. Data were collected through a website search of the SFDA for drug recalls since January 2010–January 2019. Results SFDA recalled 84 substandard medicinal products which related to 47 alert letters and 52 drugs. The number of drug recall reported by SFDA increased six-folds in 2018 than in 2010. The major frequent therapeutic class of drug recall was the antihypertensive drugs followed by the antibiotic drugs (27.7% and 10.8%, respectively). The majority of the recalls were tablets followed by parenteral dosage forms (58% and 25%, respectively). The major reasons for the drug recalls were due to contamination (32.14%) followed by non-compliance with manufacturer’s specifications (20.48%). Two manufacturers were accounted for 34.52% of all recalled drugs. Conclusion Substandard medicinal products are considered as a serious problem in SA. Contamination was the main cause of drug recalls, which requires root investigation of causes and for strict protective tools to be applied by drug manufacturers.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Changing Landscape of Coronavirus Disease 2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby A. Escobedo ◽  
Deepak Kaushal ◽  
Dhiraj K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Dynamic Landscape ◽  
Health Organization

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious, infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan China. A year after the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, over 215 million confirmed cases and approximately 5 million deaths have been reported worldwide. In this multidisciplinary review, we summarize important insights for COVID-19, ranging from its origin, pathology, epidemiology, to clinical manifestations and treatment. More importantly, we also highlight the foundational connection between genetics and the development of personalized medicine and how these aspects have an impact on disease treatment and management in the dynamic landscape of this pandemic.

COVID-19 vaccine candidates: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Martyna Biała ◽  
Edyta Lelonek ◽  
Brygida Knysz
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019 the first cases of atypical pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 were reported in Wuhan, China. This new infection was called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted human-to-human via direct contact and via the air-respiratory droplets and/or aerosols. The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 could range from asymptomatic or mild non-specific symptoms to severe pneumonia with multiple organ failure and death. The virus spread rapidly to almost all the countries in the world within a few months, and on the 11th of March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, a dynamic increase in the number of COVID-19 infections and deaths has been recorded worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating and causing annex tensive impact on the functioning of health care and is also leading to an economic crisis in the world. Today, it is difficult to ultimately assess the long-term effects of the pandemic, although it is known that they will be experienced for decades. Therefore, the most important goal is to stop the pandemic and develop an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Using the ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization databases, we shed light on the current worldwide clinical and pre-clinical trials in search for a COVID-19 vaccine.

scholarly journals Acute wards: problems and solutions

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 380-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Haigh
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
The World ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Acute Wards

In 1953 the World Health Organization produced a report dealing with ‘essential mental hospital provisions'. The report emphasised the importance of the atmosphere of the hospital:‘The most important single factor in the efficacy of the treatment given in a mental hospital appears to the Committee to be an intangible element which can only be described as its atmosphere, and in attempting to describe some of the influences which go to the creation of this atmosphere, it must be said at the outset that the more the psychiatric hospital imitates the general hospital as it at present exists, the less successful it will be in creating the atmosphere it needs. Too many psychiatric hospitals give the impression of being an uneasy compromise between a general hospital and a prison. Whereas, in fact, the role they have to play is different from either; it is that of a therapeutic community’ (World Health Organization, 1953)

scholarly journals The Use of Cangrelor in the Treatment of a Patient with COVID-19-Associated Acute Coronary Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
S. V. Salo ◽  
O. V. Levchyshyna ◽  
A. Yu. Gavrylyshyn ◽  
A. K. Logutov ◽  
A. Yu. Hladun
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The United States ◽  
P2y12 Receptor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, Hubei province, spreading rapidly first throughout China and subsequently across Europe, the United States (US), and the rest of the world. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, and on March 12, 2020, it was characterized as a pandemic. Patients exposed to this virus named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) frequently present with fever, cough, and shortness of breath within 2 to 14 days after exposure, and then usually develop coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related pneumonia. Although respiratory symptoms prevail among all clinical manifestations of COVID-19, preliminary studies showed that some patients may develop severe cardiovascular (CV) damage. To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in the prevalence and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases among the population in Ukraine and other countries and has led to a significant increase in mortality in this category of patients. These changes necessitated adjustment of drug treatment in patients with concomitant COVID-19. Conclusions. COVID-19 is a global pandemic with unpredictable consequences due to mutually reinforcing damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Treatment of acute coronary syndrome on the background of COVID-19 requires a systematic approach involving physicians of various specialties as well as compliance with anti-epidemic mea- sures. Interventional treatment is quite effective in treating patients with COVID-associated acute coronary syndrome. COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation should use intravenous P2Y12 receptor blockers or drugs that can be crushed and administered through a nasogastric tube. Cangrelor, an intravenous P2Y12 receptor blocker with fast action and high controllability, enabled to achieve the optimal result of the intervention.

scholarly journals The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and neonates

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Zhilla Damanabad ◽  
Leila Valizadeh ◽  
Sadollah Yeghanedoost ◽  
Fariborz Roshangar
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Neonatal Immune System ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In late December 2019, Wuhan, China, became the center of an unknown outbreak of pneumonia that spread rapidly throughout China and around the world, including Iran, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel disease a public health emergency with global concern. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, many studies have been performed on epidemiological data and clinical signs in adults. However, coherent studies in this field are very rare in infants, and support and attention to infants in the pandemic situation should be doubled due to the weakness and underdevelopment of the neonatal immune system. Therefore, the present study aimed to review COVID-19 infection in infants in which there are discussions on topics such as diagnostic tests, clinical manifestations, recommendations on breastfeeding, the criteria for discharge, and family education in pandemic conditions. The literature review shows no existing evidence of COVID-19 placental transmission from mother to infant, and that all samples prepared from amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood and breast milk in mothers with COVID -19 was negative for COVID-19 infection, and the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 were non-specific in infants, especially premature infants. Given that there is a limited number of births from a mother with COVID-19, and because the epidemiological and clinical pattern of COVID-19 in infants is unclear, this review study describes diagnostic tests, clinical manifestations, breastfeeding considerations, discharge criteria, and family education in the current understanding of COVID-19 infection in newborns and provides information for better management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in newborns.

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