ADMINISTRATION OF ALBUMIN IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA BY EXCHANGE TRANSFUSIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621
Author(s):  
Gerard B. Odell ◽  
Sanford N. Cohen ◽  
Ellen H. Gordes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Albumin Administration ◽  
Total Body

A comparative study was done to evaluate the effect of the administration of albumin on the removal of bilirubin by exchange transfusion. The amounts of bilirubin removed by simple exchange were similar when the pre-exchange concentrations in serum were alike. The administration of one gram of albumin per kilogram of body weight 1 to 2 hours prior to the procedure resulted in the removal by exchange transfusion of an average of 41% more bilirubin per kilogram of birth weight. The amount of bilirubin removed from the infants given albumin did vary from infant to infant in spite of similar pre-albumin bilirubin concentrations in serum. This was interpreted to represent variation in the total body bilirubin content, even when serum levels are alike. The amount of bilirubin removed per kilogram of birth weight was not found to be related to the etiology of the hyperbilirubinemia, the infant's age, or to the body weight at the time of the exchange. The albumin administration was associated with an increase in bilirubin concentration in serum and a decrease in capillary hematocrit value. Adipose tissue did not seem to be a major source of the additional bilirubin removed.

scholarly journals Effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in pregnant Wistar rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Ponzio de Azevedo Galvão ◽  
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing ◽  
Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Male Adult

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ligature-induced periodontal disease in pregnant rats on their newborn's health parameters. Twenty-four female adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the control group (G1) and the group that was submitted to dental ligatures around second upper molars (G2). After the four week period of development of periodontitis, the female animals were mated with male adult Wistar rats. There were no differences in the body weight of females between the two groups during mating and pregnancy. No differences were observed among the groups in relation to the viable newborn index. However, there were differences in newborn birth weight, explained by the diverse size of the litters. In this study, ligature-induced periodontal disease did not promote changes during pregnancy that resulted in low birth weight in newborn Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Collagen Peptide Derived from Skate (Raja kenojei) Skin Through Regulation of Lipid Metabolism

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minji Woo ◽  
Yeong Song ◽  
Keon-Hee Kang ◽  
Jeong Noh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Collagen Peptide

This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of collagen peptide derived from skate skin on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. All C57BL6/J male mice were fed a HFD with 60% kcal fat except for mice in the normal group which were fed a chow diet. The collagen-fed groups received collagen peptide (1050 Da) orally (100, 200, or 300 mg/kg body weight per day) by gavage, whereas the normal and control groups were given water (n = 9 per group). The body weight gain and visceral adipose tissue weight were lower in the collagen-fed groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Plasma and hepatic lipid levels were significantly reduced by downregulating the hepatic protein expression levels for fatty acid synthesis (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)) and cholesterol synthesis (SREBP-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR)) and upregulating those for β-oxidation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1)) and synthesis of bile acid (cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1)) (p < 0.05). In the collagen-fed groups, the hepatic protein expression level of phosphorylated 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and plasma adiponectin levels were higher, and the leptin level was lower (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that collagen treatment suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and reduced the lipid droplet size in the adipose tissue. These effects were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The findings indicated that skate collagen peptide has anti-obesity effects through suppression of fat accumulation and regulation of lipid metabolism.

Effect of Exchange Transfusion on Bilirubin Binding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-887
Author(s):  
Timos Valaes ◽  
Marilyn Hyte
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Donor Blood ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Bilirubin Binding

The bilirubin titration point-the lowest bilirubin concentration at which loosely bound bilirubin could be demonstrated by Sephadex gel filtration-was determined in samples collected before, during, and on completion of 17 exchange transfusions as well as in the discarded and donor blood. The bilirubin titration point expressed either as bilirubin concentration or as bilirubin/albumin molar ratio failed to be increased by the exchange transfusion and, in each case at the end of the procedure, the titration point was below the expected level, assuming that the donor albumin was going to retain its binding properties in the infant's circulation. The bilirubin titration point was also depressed in the discarded blood, and the depression was inversely related to the amount of bilirubin removed by the exchange transfusion (expressed as mg/kg of body weight/mg of initial bilirubin concentration). These results are interpreted as an indication that interfering substances are responsible for the decreased binding of bilirubin in newborn, particularly preterm, infants. In practical terms the criteria for a repeat exchange transfusion should be the same as for the initial one, as no change in the bilirubin binding properties of the serum is likely to occur following exchange transfusion.

Catch-up Growth in Intrauterine Growth-restricted Piglets Associated with the Return of Pancreatic and Intestinal Functions via Porcine Glucagon-like peptide-2 Microspheres

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-ke Qi ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Wen-Jun Zhou ◽  
Bo Deng ◽  
Xiao-ming Men ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide

Abstract Background Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in abnormal morphology and gastrointestinal function. As a gastrointestinal growth factor, the manner by which the porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 (pGLP-2) microsphere administration catches up with the growth of IUGR piglets was investigated. Methods Fourteen newborn IUGR piglets were assigned into the IUGR and pGLP-2 microsphere groups. The piglets in the pGLP-2 microsphere group were intraperitoneally administered with 100 mg of pGLP-2 microspheres on day 1 of birth. Results From days 15 to 26 of trial, the body weight of the IUGR piglets treated with pGLP-2 microspheres was significantly higher than that in the control group. Importantly, the weaning weight in the pGLP-2 group catches up with the body weight of normal birth weight piglets. IUGR piglets treated with pGLP-2 microspheres significantly showed increased pancreas weight, serum insulin content, and activities of digestive enzymes (lipase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and amylase). Injection of pGLP-2 microspheres returned the intestinal absorptive capacity by significantly increasing the mRNA expression of sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 in the jejunum, glucose transporter type 2 in the duodenum and jejunum, H + -coupled transporter, and peptide transporter 1 in the jejunum and ileum. It also returned the redox balance by increasing the catalase mRNA expression and decreasing the heat shock protein 70 mRNA expression. In addition, this improvement was associated with the significant increase in gut diameter, length, and weight induced by pGLP-2. Conclusions Injection of pGLP-2 microspheres was a suitable therapeutic strategy for compensatory growth in low birth weight IUGR piglet.

scholarly journals 127 Dietary supplementation with glycine improves the post-weaning growth of low-birth-weight pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
Wenliang He ◽  
Erin A Posey ◽  
Guoyao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represent 20–25% of all pigs born and are culled on farm, resulting in enormous losses. This study tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with glycine enhanced the growth of IUGR pigs after weaning. Healthy pigs [14 IUGR pigs (birth weight = 0.98±0.03 kg, mean ± SEM) and 20 NBW pigs (birth weight = 1.44±0.02 kg, mean ± SEM)] were used for the trial. At weaning (21 d of age), pigs within each birth weight group were assigned randomly into corn- and soybean meal-based diets supplemented with 1% glycine plus 0.19% corn starch or 1.19% alanine (isonitrogenous control). There were 7 IUGR pigs and 10 NBW pigs per subgroup. Crude protein content in basal diets was 20% between d 21 and 64, 18% between d 65 and 108, and 16% between d 109 and 120 of age. During the 100-d period of feeding, feed intake per kg body weight did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) between IUGR and NBW pigs or between control and glycine groups. Growth rates of NBW pigs supplemented with 1% glycine did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) from those for NBW pigs without glycine supplementation. In contrast, growth rates of IUGR pigs supplemented with 1% glycine were 28%, 15%, and 10% greater (P &gt; 0.05) than those for IUGR pigs without glycine supplementation during d 21–35, d 35–64, and d 65–120 of age, respectively. Growth rates of NBW pigs were greater (P &gt; 0.05) than those for IUGR pigs without glycine supplementation during any experimental period. By d 120 of age, the body weight of IUGR pigs with glycine supplementation did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) from that of NBW pigs. Collectively, our results indicate that dietary supplementation with 1% glycine (a low-cost supplement) beneficially improves their growth rate and economic returns. Supported by a USDA/NIFA grant.

scholarly journals Comparative study of anaesthesia induction in obese dogs using propofol dosages based on lean body weight or total body weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 100131
Author(s):  
Fernanda Corrêa Devito ◽  
Geni Cristina Fonseca Patricio ◽  
Patrícia Bonifácio Flôr ◽  
Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini ◽  
Andressa Rodrigues Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Anaesthesia Induction ◽  
Total Body

Results of the study on principles of brown adipose tissue deposits and characteristics of its fatty acids in pasture sheep lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Ch Khorolmaa ◽  
Sh Demberel ◽  
B Battsetseg ◽  
G Gereltsetseg ◽  
S Andrei
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Total Body

Brown adipose tissue in newborn lambs accounts for 4.52% of total body weight, then during postpartum period it intensively decreases, reaching 1.5% after a week, and finally it is gradually adsorbed or replaced with white adipose tissue. Fatty acids composition of lamb brown adipose tissue includes 17 unsaturated fatty acids (53.23%) and 11 saturated ones (46.95%).Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 38-42

Population Pharmacokinetic of Oral Busulfan in Japanese Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 5317-5317
Author(s):  
Noriaki Sasaki ◽  
Kentaro Ogata ◽  
Keita Yamauchi ◽  
Yasushi Takamatsu ◽  
Junji Suzumiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Japanese Adult ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Total Body

Abstract We previous evaluated busulfan (BU) pharmacokinetics (PK) in seven Japanese adult patients who underwent allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at Fukuoka University Hospital. We showed that the average plasma BU concentrations at steady state (Css) ranged from 745 to 2422 ng/mL. BU population PK (PPK) parameters for Caucasian have already been reported. However, few data are available for Asian people. We therefore investigated the PPK parameters of BU in 82 Japanese adult patients (51 males and 31 females) who underwent HSCT following a BU-containing conditioning regimen. Their average age was 43.4 years, ranging from 16 to 68 years. Blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes at 0.5,1,2,4 and 6 hours after the oral administration of BU, and the plasma BU concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A one compartment open model with first-order absorption was used. We estimated individual BU doses by using Bayesian, and PK parameters by using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM) computer program. Since Oral clearance (L/h/kg) (CL/F) and distribution volumes (L/kg) (Vd/F) were proportional to total body weight, so we set the following formulas. The final PPK parameters were CL/F = 0.139•TBW•1.14GEN •1.09VPA •1.52TBIL≥1.2, Vd/F = 0.76•TBW•0.902GEN, absorption rate constant (h−1) (ka) = 2.58. TBW is total body weight (kg), VPA = 1 for concomitant administration of valproic acid and 0 for another anticonvulsant, GEN = 1 for patients gender female and 0 for male, TBIL≥1.2 = 1 for total bilirubin above 1.2 mg/dL and 0 for below. CL/F in Japanese and Caucasian were 0.139 and 0.149, respectively, Vd/F were 0.76 and 0.64, respectively, and ka were 2.58 and 1.68, respectively. These data showed that CL/F and Vd/F were almost same between Japanese and Caucasian, but ka was larger. We also found that high serum levels of total bilirubin and administration of VPA induced the increase of CL/F at 52 % and 9 %, respectively. The interindividual variabilities in CL/F, Vd/F and ka were 21.9%, 20.9% and 82.3%, respectively, and the residual variability was 18.4% as coefficient of variation. This study represented that oral BU PPK parameters in Japanese were different from that in Caucasian. BU PPK parameters were influenced by gender, serum levels of total bilirubin and administration of VPA. Our study showed that BU PPK differed between Japanese and Caucasian.

The Effects of Gymnema sylvestre in High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (04) ◽  
pp. 813-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Jeong Kim ◽  
Sanghwa Kim ◽  
Ah Young Lee ◽  
Yoonjeong Jang ◽  
Orkhonselenge Davaadamdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
High Fat

This study used an integrated approach to investigate the effects of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extract as a functional dietary supplement with a high-fat diet. This approach examined insulin resistance, the dysfunction of adipose tissue, and liver steatosis. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for the acute and chronic study, in addition to GS in different doses (100, 250 and 500[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight). Their body composition changes, serum lipid and glucose parameters, adipose and liver tissue histology, and gene expression were measured. It was found that GS significantly suppressed the increase of body weight, serum levels of lipid, insulin and leptin, and adipose tissue, and liver inflammation. GS also demonstrated hypoglycemic effects due to the amylase inhibition activity. Our results support the existence of a relationship between the HFD induced insulin resistance, adipose dysfunction and liver steatosis. In conclusion, GS works as a functional dietary supplement with preventative effects against metabolic disorder.

scholarly journals Advantage of Early Tangential Necrectomy in Extensive Pediatric Burns

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan Karavdić
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Values ◽  
Pediatric Burns ◽  
Total Body

Background: An extensive burn is one of the most serious injuries. The modern treatment of pediatric burns is a logical exercise in resuscitation, infection control, surgical wound care, nutrition and psychologic and physical rehabilitation. The conventional methods of local therapy, especially in extensive and deep burns, cannot prevent infection. The fact is that the necrotic burn tissue always gives rise to infection and must therefore be excised. Tangential excision is a diagnostic procedure as well as a surgical preparation of a recipient bed for skin graft.  Clinical parameters of sixty extensively burned children have been evaluated, divided into two groups (surgically and non-surgically treated) and in four subgroups (under and over the 25% TBSA). The following criteria have been used to compare the results: pain, fever, body weight, duration of the hospital stay, wound infenction, laboratory values. Aim of research: The aim of our research was to demonstrate the efficacy of early tangential necrectomy in the treatment of extensive burns in children as well as in preventing the burn diseases. Material and methods: Clinical parameters of sixty extensively burned children have been evaluated, divided into two groups (surgically and non-surgically treated) and in four subgroups (under and over the 25% TBSA). The following criteria have been used to compare the results: pain, fever, body weight, duration of the hospital stay, wound infection, laboratory values. Results: The boys comprised 58.3% of the respondents and the girls were 41,7% of the respondents. The most common cause was the hot liquid of 73.3%, open flame 23.3% and the contact with hot metal 3.3%. The body temperature was significantly higher in control group compared to the examined group (p <0.001) significantly lower hematocrit values in the control group compared to the examined group (p = 0.002).      The results show that hospitalization lasted considerably longer in patients in the control group than in the examined group (p = 0.003). The incidence of bacterial infection of the burns is significantly higher in control compared to the examined group of patients (p = 0.007). The most commonly isolated bacteria in the study group was Staphylococcus aureus (15/30 or 50% of all subjects). Acinetobacter spp. was isolated in 9 patients (30% of respondents). Serratia spp. And Enterococcus Foecalis were isolated in 6 patients (20%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 3 patients (10%). Three patients (10%) did not isolate any bacteria during hospitalization Conclusions: The method of early tangential necrectomy of extensively burned children significantly reduce morbidity and mortality (it improves the general condition of the patient, improves clinical and laboratory parameters, reduces the possibility of infection of the wound, reduces the possibility of sepsis, reduces the length of hospitalization).The most optimal time to perform an early tangential necrectomy is the period between the 4th and the 6th day after the injury. In extensively burned children over 30% of the total body surface, an early tangential necrectomy should be performed on an area of about 20% of the total body surface as a prevention of blood loss due to necrectomy and autotransplantation. With extensively burned children over 40% of the total body surface, taking homotransplants from parents or close relatives reduces morbidity and mortality.

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