A SHORT ESSAY ON CONTENTMENT READ BY AMERICAN CHILDREN IN THE 1780'S

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-845
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
The Rich ◽  
American Children ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
Divine Law

Early children's schoolbooks in this country leaned heavily On the belief that Divine Law foreordained a man's station in life. Not to accept this tenet led to discontentment and-even worse-pride and arrogance. The "contentment" that comes from accepting one's place in the social order is clearly described in a passage from one of the first children's readers written just after the American Revolution. Contentment Forget not that thy station on earth is appointed by the wisdom of the eternal; who knoweth thy heart, who seeth the vanity of all thy wishes, and who in mercy often denieth thy request; yet for all reasonable desires, for all honest endeavors, his benevolence hath appointed, in the nature of things, a probability of success. The uneasiness thou feelest, the misfortunes thou bewailest, behold the root from whence they spring, even thine own folly, thine own pride, thine own distempered fancy; murmur not therefore at the dispensations of God, but correct thine own heart; neither say within thyself, if I had wealth or power, or leisure, I should be happy; for know, they all of them bring to their several possessors their peculiar inconveniences. The poor man seeth not the vexations and anxieties of the rich; he feeleth not the difficulties and perplexities of power, neither the wearisomeness of leisure, and therefore it is that he repineth at his own lot. But envy not the appearance of happiness in any man, for thou knowest not his griefs. To be satisfied with a little, is the greatest wisdom; and he that encreaseth his riches, encreaseth his cares; but a contented mind is a hidden treasure, and trouble findeth it not.

Contentment Defined for American Children in 1787

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-894
Author(s):  
T. E. C.
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Benjamin Franklin ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
The Rich ◽  
American Children

In 1787 a Philadelphia printer published a book for school children entitled "Miscellanies in Prose and Verse for the Improvement of Young Persons of Both Sexes." Benjamin Franklin expressed his approval of this book in these words: "A book containing so many well chosed sentiments and excellent instructions, put into the hands of our children cannot but be highly useful to the rising generation." The following is a lesson from this book: Forget not that thy station on earth is appointed by the wisdom of the eternal; who knoweth thy heart, who seeth the vanity of all thy wishes, and who in mercy often denieth thy requests; yet for all reasonable desires, for all honest endeavours, his benevolence hath appointed, in the nature of things, a probability of success. The uneasiness thou feelest, the misfortunes thou bewailest, behold the root from whence they spring, even thine own folly, thine own pride, thine own distempered fancy; murmur not therefore at the dispensations of God, but correct thine own heart; neither say within thyself, if I had wealth or power, or leisure, I should be happy; for know, they all of them bring of their several possessors their peculiar inconveniencies. The poor man seeth not the vexations and anxieties of the rich; he feeleth not the difficulties and perplexities of power, neither the wearisomeness of leisure, and therefore it is that he repineth at his own lot. But envy not the appearance of happiness in any man, for thou knowest not his griefs.

scholarly journals Vertical position can affect categorization of the rich and the poor in Chinese culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110257
Author(s):  
Qiong Li ◽  
Chen Deng ◽  
Bin Zuo ◽  
Xiaobin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
High Income ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich

This study explored whether vertical position affects social categorization of the rich and the poor. Experiment 1 used high- and low-income occupations as stimuli, and found participants categorized high-income occupations faster when they were presented in the top vertical position compared to the bottom vertical position. In Experiment 2, participants responded using either the “up” or “down” key to categorize high- and low-income occupations, and responded faster to high-income occupations with the “up” key and low-income occupations with the “down” key. In Experiment 3, names identified as belonging to either rich or poor individuals were presented at the top or bottom of a screen, and the results were the same as in Experiments 1 and 2. These findings suggest that social categorization based on wealth involved perceptual simulations of vertical position, and that vertical position affects the social categorization of the rich and the poor.

Mortuary Practices and the Social Order at La Quemada, Zacatecas, Mexico

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Nelson ◽  
J. Andrew Darling ◽  
David A. Kice
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Ancestor Worship ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Epiclassic occupants of the site of La Quemada left the disarticulated remains of 11-14 humans in an apparently sacred structure outside the monumental core of the site. Several lines of evidence are reviewed to generate propositions about the ritual meanings and functions of the bones. A comparative analysis reveals the complexity of mortuary practices in northern and western Mexico, and permits the suggestion that these particular remains were those of revered ancestors or community members. The sacred structure is seen as a charnel house, in which the more ancient tradition of ancestor worship expressed in shaft tombs was essentially perpetuated above ground. Hostile social relations are clearly suggested, however, by other categories of bone deposits. Recognition of the rich variability of mortuary displays leads to questions about their role in the maintenance of the social order.

scholarly journals The rich, the poor, and the law

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter H. Reinstorf
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
First Century ◽  
Good Society ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Rich

This article explores the social and religious dynamics of parables of Jesus in which “rich” and “poor” are juxtaposed. It focuses on Luke 16:19-31 (the parable of the rich man and the poor beggar Lazarus) and on Luke 18:9-14 (the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector). The core of the exploration relates to questions concerning “wealth” and “poverty” in a limited-good society such as first-century Palestine. The article aims to expose the legitimisation provided by the Israelite elite to ensure the collection of taxes placed on the peasant population by the Roman Empire.

scholarly journals The ‘Deserving’ Rich? Inequality, Morality and Social Policy

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAREN ROWLINGSON ◽  
STUART CONNOR
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich

AbstractThere is a long tradition in social policy of discussing and critiquing the notion of ‘deservingness’ in relation to ‘the poor’. This paper will apply such debates to ‘the rich’ to consider the grounds on which this group might be considered ‘deserving’. The paper identifies three sets of arguments. The first set of arguments concerns the appropriateness of rewarding merit/hard work/effort/risk-taking etc. The second concerns more consequentialist/economic arguments about providing incentives for wealth creation. And the third considers the character and behaviour of the rich. As well as discussing the potential criteria for deservingness, the paper will also debate whether the degree of income and wealth gained by the rich is deserved. Finally, the paper will discuss the social policy implications, including taxation policies, which emerge from this debate.

Performative Morality: Godey's Match Plates, Nineteenth-Century Stage Practice, and Social/Political/Economic Commentary in America's Popular Ladies’ Magazine

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-637
Author(s):  
CYNTHIA LEE PATTERSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tableaux Vivants ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Mystery Novels ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

Recirculating the assertion of magazine historian Frank Luther Mott, subsequent generations of scholars maintained that Godey's Lady's Magazine eschewed content treating the social, political, and economic issues of the day. This article challenges that nearly universal reading of Godey's by arguing for the importance of a close reading of the “match plates” commissioned by Godey for his magazine. Appearing between 1840 and 1860, these plates, many engraved from pendant paintings created expressly for Godey, draw on the popularity of stage melodrama, dramatic tableau, and tableaux vivants to enact a performative morality addressing major social, economic, and political issues. Early match plates contrast virtue and vice, capitalizing on the enormous popularity of William Hogarth's engraving series Industry and Idleness. Match plates appear also in the popular fashion plates of the magazine – echoing the city mystery novels, plays, and prints first popularized by Eugene Sue – in Christmas for the Rich/Christmas for the Poor and Dress the Maker/Dress the Wearer. By 1860, even the magazine's “useful” contents, such as the pattern work prized by Godey's readers, echo the popularity of match plates: hence Fruit for Working/Flowers for Working. Closer attention to Godey's engravings calls for a reassessment of Mott's assertion.

William Fremantle, Samuel Barnett and the Broad Church Origins of Toynbee Hall

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Nettleship
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
The Poor ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Contemporaries and historians alike have regarded the 1880s as a watershed in Victorian thought. They have argued that before the 1880s the well-to-do held firmly to a belief in Political Economy and attributed economic success to the high moral character and hard work of the individual. By the 1880s these beliefs had begun to waver, and many who had themselves prospered from the new economic system began to question its assumptions and develop a sense of responsibility toward those beneath them in the social order. One institution which seems to represent this change is Toynbee Hall, the first English settlement house, founded in 1884. Headed by a middle-class clergyman, Samuel Barnett, staffed by well-educated and well-to-do volunteers and dedicated to bringing education and culture to the poor, it seems to be an example, par excellence, of the newly heightened middle-class social conscience typical of the 1880s.2 But close examination reveals that the origins of Toynbee Hall date back to the 1870s, to the broad church orientation and parish practices of Samuel Barnett. Rooted in his modest day-to-day pastoral work rather than in new concepts of social justice, Toynbee Hall raises the question of whether in fact the 1880s constitute a great divide in Victorian thought or a period of continuation, expansion and institutionalisation of earlier ideas and practices.

scholarly journals The Social Implications of Metaphor in Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-116
Author(s):  
Alireza Farahbakhsh ◽  
Ramtin Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Capitalistic Society

The purpose of the present article is to study the social implications of repetitive metaphors in the film and of the word Parasite (2019) and to observe what makes the life of a lower-class family parasitic within a typical capitalistic society. In the mainstream discussion, the metaphorical functions of such words as ‘smell,’ ‘insects,’ ‘the rock,’ and ‘the party’ are assessed within the context of the film. The central questions of the article, therefore, are: What are the recurrent and metaphorical motifs in the plotline and how can their implications be related to the overall theme of the film? How does Parasite exhibit the clash of classes in a capitalist society? To answer the questions, the present study offers a comprehensive analysis of its recurring metaphors as well as its treatment of the characters who visibly belong to two completely different classes. Through a complex story of two families whose fate gets intermingled, Bong Joon-ho masterfully presents a metaphoric picture of a society where inequality is rampant and the poor can only experience temporary happiness in the shadow of the rich (represented by the Park family).

scholarly journals The sustainability of society in the Aristotle’s socio-philosophical doctrine

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-76
Author(s):  
O. І. Плаксіна
Keyword(s):  
Historical Period ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Social Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Social Components ◽  
Free People ◽  
Ancient Philosopher

The article is devoted to the analysis of Aristotelian ideas about the society’s sustainability. The work showed that Aristotle was one of the first who touched the problem of the society’s sustainability and he is a pioneer in the use of the term “sustainability” in relation to social reality. From the described by Aristotle phenomena we outlined those phenomena, which ensure the sustainability of the polis as a whole and, thus, have a general social scale. Those phenomena are: 1) reliance on the law, 2) a certain combination of two types of people’s equality – the equality in quantity and the equality in dignity, they also are “equalizing” and “distributive” justice, arithmetic and geometric equalities. The analysis and search showed that Aristotle considered: the main source of in-stability of the society, ancient in particular, is the conflict of rich and poor free people, without taking into account the slave mass. According to Stagirite, the guarantor of the society’s sustainability and the social subjects, which conditioned it, are free citizens of average wealth. The ancient philosopher classified the six kinds of state systems; from them a polity has the greatest stsustainability. The article also fixed that Stagirite marked the link between the society’s sustainability and an autarky. On this foundation there is established that Aristotle presents precisely the social components of the society’s sustainability as key, defining. The environmental com-ponent (by the “society-nature” line) in the ancient era was on the periphery of attention, because it did not mature in that historical period. The article substantiates the conclusion that the principles of proportionality, balance and mediety are fundamental for the society’s sustainability, according to Aristotle’s doctrine. The Aristotle’s achievements on the society’s sustainability are historically crosscutting and socially fundamental. So, UN materials pay close attention to the confrontation between the rich and the poor people and widely use such indicator as the ratio of the incomes of the richest to the incomes of the poorest, which is also known as an index of socio-economic disharmony. Provisions from the 2016 UN re-port “Human Development for Everyone” confirm the importance for combining of two types of equality / justice for the modern society’s sustainability. 

scholarly journals PERANAN ZAKAT PRODUKTIF DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN (Studi kasus pada Badan Amil Zakat (BAZ) Kabupaten Kebumen)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Aji Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fund Research

With the obligation of zakat, allow the poor to participate in public life as well as carrying out its obligations in worship to God, and help to establish the social order. In addition, they also feel as a part of society and not be marginalized by communities in society . Zakat by some Islamic leaders, is considered as a solution for achieving justice for society, particularly economic justice. With the charity, the prosperity of society are expected to further increase or reduce the level of poverty. Besides widening economic inequality has not increased resulting in social tension. This condition could be realized if the charity actually issued by the Moslems who can afford it. Data in 2011 and in 2012 Kebumen district is one of the districts with the highest poverty rates in Central Java. From this fact to note how much influence the productive charity revolving fund to contribute to the alleviation of the poverty high. In addition to determine the effect of charity productive revolving fund research also analyzes the impact on the level of income, consumption, savings and donation before and after receiving productive zakat. The results of this study is known earning charity, supervision and mentoring effect on income, consumption, savings and mustahik infak. Keywords : zakat productive , income , community empowerment , the poor

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