Linear Growth of Children With Nephrotic Syndrome: Effect of Alkylating Agents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-499
Author(s):  
Rafael Padilla ◽  
Andrew S. Brem
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Alkylating Agent ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mesangial Proliferation ◽  
Igm Deposits

Growth velocity measurements were assessed in 12 children with steroid responsive but frequent relapsing or dependent nephrotic syndrome prior to and following treatment with either cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil and alternate day prednisone. Patients averaged 6 ± 3 years (mean ± SD) of age at the time of treatment. All of the patients underwent renal biopsy prior to treatment; 5 of the 12 showed mesangial proliferation; and in 10 of the 12, IgM deposits were seen within the mesangium of the glomerulus. Growth rates before treatment with the alkylating agent were 4.3 ± 1.3 cm/y increasing to 8.7 ± 2.5 cm/y (P < .001) after therapy despite the relapses that occurred in 5 of the patients in the year following treatment. Short-term side effects of the treatment were minimal. The significant increase in growth associated with diminished use of steroids makes the use of alkylating agents reasonable for children with nephrosis who show signs of decreased growth velocity.

scholarly journals Relation of Steroid on Linear Growth Velocity with Biochemical Bone Markers in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome in a Teaching Hospital, Central Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Atanu Pan ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Comparative Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Biochemical Bone Markers

Background: Nephrotic Syndrome is the clinical manifestation of glomerular diseases associated with heavy (nephrotic range) proteinuria. This study   was done to compare biochemical bone markers in nephrotic children on steroid therapy and the linear growth velocity in children with nephrotic syndrome receiving steroid with that of  known available reference standard for children of same age and sex groups Methods: A hospital based comparative study   was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, College Of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal among 40 Study group and 40 Comparatvie group by taking the data from 2014 to 2018.   Results: We found that in study   group, the Mean Vitamin D of patients was 12.6293 ± 3.4974 which was low. Present study  found that in Study   group, the Mean serum Ca (Mean± SD.) of patients was 6.8000 ± .9672. In comparative group, the Mean serum Ca (Mean± SD.) of patients was 9.6907 ± .9218. Difference of Mean serum Ca vs. group was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusions: We found that the Mean albumin significant lower in study   group compared to comparative group but total cholesterolsignificant higher in study   group. Vitamin D and calcium were low in Study   group which was statistically significant.

Therapeutic Effect of Chai-Ling-Tang (Sairei-to) on the Steroid-dependent Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prednisone Dosage ◽  
Steroid Dependent ◽  
Steroid Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Negative Conversion

37 children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) were administered with Chai-Ling-Tang (Sairei-to) under corticosteroid. After treatment with Chai-Ling-Tang, relapse was markedly improved, time for negative conversion of proteinuria shortened, prednisone dosage significantly reduced, and side effects eased. 32 children with SDNS treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide served as control. Results showed that short-term and long-term relapse and average prednisone dosage were similar between these two groups. It is considered that Chai-Ling-Tang may be a useful substitute for patients with SDNS who fail to respond to or manifest severe toxic effect from cytotoxic agents.

Bipolar radiofrequency induced thermotherapy and 1064 nm Nd:Yag laser in endovenous occlusion of insufficient veins: short term follow up results

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krnic ◽  
Sucic
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Bipolar Radiofrequency ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Skin Redness ◽  
Complete Failure

Background: The aim of this study is to report our results in main stem vein closure using the bipolar radiofrequency induced thermotherapy (RFITT) system and the 1064nm Nd:Yag laser. Patients and methods: 44 incompetent main stem veins (37 great saphenous veins, one lesser saphenous vein, and 6 anterior accessory saphenous veins) in 29 patients were treated using RFITT. 53 incompetent main stem veins (45 great saphenous veins, 4 lesser saphenous veins, and 4 anterior accessory saphenous veins) in 43 patients were treated endovenously with 1064 nm Nd:Yag laser. All patients underwent postoperative duplex scanning within a month after procedure, as well as a short interview regarding postoperative discomfort. Results: In main stem veins treated with RFITT, the success rate within the first month was 86,4 % (38 out of 44 veins). Complete failure rate was 13,6 % (6 out of 44 veins). In 53 main stem veins treated by 1064 nm Nd:Yag laser, the success rate was 100 %, consisting of 98,1 % complete success (52/53 veins), and 1,9 % partial success (1/53 veins). None of the patients treated with RFITT experienced postoperative adverse effects, whereas 13/43 (30,2 %) patients treated with laser had to use oral analgesics after the treatment, and 21/43 (48,8 %) patients reported transient skin changes, such as bruising or skin redness. Conclusions: RFITT system was fairly efficient in the short term for closure of main trunk veins, whereas longer term results are still scarce. Postoperative side effects of RFITT were minimal. 1064nm Nd:Yag laser, according to short term results, proved to be very effective for main stem vein closure. Postoperative side effects related to 1064 nm Nd:Yag endovenous laser treatment proved to be minor, transient, and acceptable.

Operational Model and its Validation with Drift Tests in Water Areas Around the Baltic Sea

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 293-308
Author(s):  
J. Koponen ◽  
M. Virtanen ◽  
H. Vepsä ◽  
E. Alasaarela
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Operational Model ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Three-dimensional (3-D) mathematical models of water currents, transport, mixing, reaction kinetic, and interactions with bottom and air have been used in Finland regularly since 1982 and applied to about 40 cases in large lakes, inland seas and their coastal waters. In each case, model validity has been carefully tested with available flow velocity measurements, tracer studies and water quality observations. For operational use, i.e., for spill combatting and sea rescue, the models need fast response, proven validity and illustrative visualization. In 1987-90, validated models were implemented for operational use at five sea areas along the Finnish coast. Further validation was obtained in model applications from nine documented or arranged cases and from seven emergency situations. Sensitivity tests supplement short-term validation. In the Bothnian Sea, it was nescessary to start the calculation of water currents three days prior to the start of the experiment to reduce initial inaccuracies and to make the coastal transport estimates meaningful.

Nitrogen Mustards as Alkylating Agents: A Review on Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Current USFDA Status of Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghansham S. More ◽  
Asha B. Thomas ◽  
Sohan S. Chitlange ◽  
Rabindra K. Nanda ◽  
Rahul L. Gajbhiye
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Approved Drugs

Background & Objective: :Nitrogen mustard derivatives form one of the major classes of anti-cancer agents in USFDA approved drugs list. These are polyfunctional alkylating agents which are distinguished by a unique mechanism of adduct formation with DNA involving cross-linking between guanine N-7 of one strand of DNA with the other. The generated cross-linking is irreversible and leads to cell apoptosis. Hence it is of great interest to explore this class of anticancer alkylating agents.Methods::An exhaustive list of reviews, research articles, patents, books, patient information leaflets, and orange book is presented and the contents related to nitrogen mustard anti-cancer agents have been reviewed. Attempts are made to present synthesis schemes in a simplified manner. The mechanism of action of the drugs and their side effects are also systematically elaborated.Results::This review provides a platform for understanding all aspects of such drugs right from synthesis to their mechanism of action and side effects, and lists USFDA approved ANDA players among alkylating anticancer agents in the current market.Conclusion: :Perusing this article, generic scientists will be able to access literature information in this domain easily to gain insight into the nitrogen mustard alkylating agents for further ANDA development. It will help the scientific and research community to continue their pursuit for the design of newer and novel heterocyclic alkylating agents of this class in the coming future.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of Allium atroviolaceum on sperm quality in cyclophosphamide-treated mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Hosseini ◽  
Mehrdad Shahrani ◽  
Shirin Asgharian ◽  
Maryam Anjomshoa ◽  
Ayoob Rostamzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Alkylating Agent ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Complementary Treatment ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Alternative Drugs

Abstract Background Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anti-neoplastic alkylating agent that is extensively used in different chemotherapy regimens. Adverse effects on the reproductive system, especially spermatogenesis, are one of the most important side effects of this drug. It is medically essential to use complementary and alternative drugs. Herbal drugs have long been used as a complementary treatment. Our purpose was to study the effect of hydroalcoholic Allium atroviolaceum L. extract on spermatogenesis in CP-treated mice. Results CP affected a significant decrease in sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology. Sperm count was significantly higher in the all extract groups than in the group of control (p<0.001) and CP group (p<0.001, p<0.01). Sperm motility was significantly greater in the extract (100 and 200mg/kg) groups than in the group of control (p<0.05 and <0.001). Sperm immotility and rotational movement were significantly higher in the CP group than in the CP+extract groups (p<0.001). The sperm viability was significantly greater in the CP+extract (200mg/kg) group than in the CP group (p<0.001). The number of headless sperm, sperm with initial tail, with coiled tail, and sperm with curved body, was significantly lower in the CP+extract (200mg/kg) group than in the CP group (p<0.001). Conclusion A. atroviolaceum extract treatment significantly improved CP-induced reproductive toxicity.

scholarly journals Men’s experiences of radiotherapy treatment for localized prostate cancer and its long-term treatment side effects: a longitudinal qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sutton ◽  
◽  
J. A. Lane ◽  
M. Davis ◽  
E. I. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Abstract Purpose To investigate men’s experiences of receiving external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) for localized prostate cancer (LPCa) in the ProtecT trial. Methods A longitudinal qualitative interview study was embedded in the ProtecT RCT. Sixteen men with clinically LPCa who underwent EBRT in ProtecT were purposively sampled to include a range of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. They participated in serial in-depth qualitative interviews for up to 8 years post-treatment, exploring experiences of treatment and its side effects over time. Results Men experienced bowel, sexual, and urinary side effects, mostly in the short term but some persisted and were bothersome. Most men downplayed the impacts, voicing expectations of age-related decline, and normalizing these changes. There was some reticence to seek help, with men prioritizing their relationships and overall health and well-being over returning to pretreatment levels of function. Some unmet needs with regard to information about treatment schedules and side effects were reported, particularly among men with continuing functional symptoms. Conclusions These findings reinforce the importance of providing universal clear, concise, and timely information and supportive resources in the short term, and more targeted and detailed information and care in the longer term to maintain and improve treatment experiences for men undergoing EBRT.

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