scholarly journals Analysis of the parameters of the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of forest-forming species in the steppe zone of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Sytnyk ◽  
V. M. Lovynska ◽  
Y. I. Gritsan ◽  
K. P. Maslikova
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Range Of Values

The purpose this research is to study the parameters of leaf (needle) share in the trees’ greenery fraction and the content of absolutely dry matter in fresh leaves of black locust and Scots pine. The leaf (needle) share in the trees greenery fraction and the content of absolutely dry matter were determined by their quantitative measures (weight and volume). The results of the research reveal that the leaf share in the structure of a tree’s greenery fraction has a broad range of values: 43.0–72.8% for black locust and 49.1–75.4% for Scots pine. The minimum value of this parameter was recorded for an overmature Robinia specimen of 41 years of age, while the maximum was for a 3-year-old tree. For pine trees the lowest values of the given parameter were registered for the spcimens aged 38, 49 and 84, the maximum – for 30–31-year-old trees. For both investigated species it should be noted that there is a consistent pattern indicated by the following trend line: with the increase of tree age, height and trunk diameter, there is a decrease of leaf share value in the trees’ greenery fraction. Such characteristic parameter as absolutely dry mass has a sufficient range of values from 0.321 to 0.524, with the extreme values for the trees belonging to the young stock group in the case of the black locust. The absolutely dry matter content in Scots pine needles showed a significant variability of values from 0.426 to 0.620. The trend line shows a tendency of increase in the value of absolutely dry matter mass in the leaves of both investigated species with the increase in the values of the tree taxation parameters. There is no statistically proven dependency of the parameter indicating leaf share in the trees greenery fraction on the age, trunk diameter and height of trees. The most important biometric indicator, which shows a moderate relationship with the greenery fraction of a tree is the average diameter of the trunk of model trees of the two studied species. This is confirmed by values of correlation coefficients. The indicator of greenery fraction is inversely dependent on the height, trunk diameter and tree age, i.e. the increase in the values of these parameters leads to the decrease in the share of the photosynthetic active component of  trees of the studied tree species in the steppe zone. The value of leaf (needle) share in trees’ greenery fraction decreases with the increasing age, height and diameter values, which is quite natural. Correlation indices of absolutely dry matter according to age, height and diameter of sample trees have negative values, while the index of leaf (needle) share of trees’ greenery fraction has a direct correlation with all the studied influence factors. 

scholarly journals Sowing methods of maise for hay in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
A. A. Polishchuk ◽  
A. N. Lebedev ◽  
V. I. Ponamareva ◽  
M. V. Khazov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Concentration ◽  
Sowing Experiment ◽  
Matter Concentration

The authors showed the results of studies of productivity parameters of different early maturing maise hybrids depending on the method of sowing. Experiment included 5 variants: single- seeded hybrids Kubansky 101 and Kubansky 500, Kubansky 101 + Kubansky 500 (50 + 50% of the full seeding rate), Kubansky 101 + Kubansky 500 (25 + 75%) and Kubansky 101 + Kubansky 500 (75 + 25%). The authors carried out a biological yield survey on 10 September. This recording showed that the ultra-early-ripening hybrid Kubansky 101 CB was in the phase of milk-wax maturity of the grain, and the late-ripening Kubansky 500 CB was in the phase of cob formation. In single-species crops, the yields were naturally higher. The late-maturing hybrid yielded 82.0 t/ha, 38.1 t/ha higher than the ultra-maturing hybrid. However, the dry matter yield of the second hybrid was 15.9 % higher, and the cob yield was 29 % higher. The dry matter concentration of the hybrid Kubansky 500 was only 18.8 %. The hybrid Kubansky 101 CB had a dry matter concentration of 34.7 %. Different variations with the ratio of hybrids of different ripeness groups in the sowing showed that in green matter yield, the variants where the proportion of late-ripening hybrid is higher are superior. Thus, the presence of 75% hybrid Kubansky 500 CB allowed obtaining the highest yield of 77.2 t/ha. This yield is almost two times higher than the yield of the single-variety ultra-ripening hybrid (43.9 t/ha). However, the dry matter concentration here was 20.2 %. According to the biochemical analysis of the silage batches harvested, all the forages were benign. No oily acid was detected, and lactic acid predominated over acetic acid. Hay prepared from hybrid Kubansky 101 SV was 33.8% in dry matter content, which compares favourably with silage prepared from hybrid Kubansky 500 SV and mixtures with Kubansky 101 SV. The hybrid Kubansky 500 SV and mixtures with Kubansky 101 SV accounted for 21 % dry matter content. In silage prepared from hybrid Kubansky 101 SV, the percentage of dry matter is 24.2-25 %.

scholarly journals Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Svitlana Sytnyk ◽  
Viktoriia Lovynska ◽  
Ivan Lakyda
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractOur study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone - Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014-2016. The main research results prove that the foliage share in the tree greenery biomass structure had a wide range of values. For both investigated species, a positive correlation was found between the dry matter content in the tree foliage and the tree age, height and diameter. The foliage share in tree greenery biomass decreased with increasing mensurational index values. Correlation analysis revealed linear relationships between the mensurational indices and the discussed aboveground live biomass parameters. The closest correlation was observed between the stand age, mean stand diameter, mean stand height and dry matter content in the foliage.

SELECTION OF MEDIUM EARLY AND MID-SEASON VARIETIES OF POTATOES FOR THE STEPPE ZONE OF SOUTHERN URALS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Аминова ◽  
Evgeniya Aminova ◽  
Мушинский ◽  
Aleksandr Mushinskiy ◽  
Герасимова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of research is to identify the most adaptive and productive varieties of potatoes for the steppe zone of Southern Urals. The experience was laid by one-factor circuit in 3-fold repetition. The studies were conducted for middle- and middle-early varieties of potatoes domestic and foreign selection. Determined yield, marketability, starch and dry content in potato tubers. At 4 years of data were allocated potato varieties – Artemis (57.8 t/ha), Aerrow (52.0 t/ha) and Romano (49.5 t/ha). Distinguished highest yield of marketable products varieties: Artemis – 97.9%, Tarasov – 97.7%, and Aerrow Romano – 97.4%. The starch content in tubers was measurable by 10.2% (Ed Scarlett) to 16.0% (Kovalenko Memory), and the dry matter content in tubers ranged from 15.6% (Ed Scarlett) to 23.8% (Memory Kovalenko).

Utilization of dry matter and elements by larvae of the sawflies Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) and Diprion similis (Hartig) feeding on Scots pine needles

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Slansky Jr. ◽  
W. H. Fogal
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Diprion Similis ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Phosphorus Intake ◽  
Scots Pine Needles

Consumption and proportions of dry matter and various elements utilized by late-instar larvae of Diprion similis (Hartig) and Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) feeding on previous years' needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were determined gravimetrically and by means of cellulose as an indigestible marker substance. The only discrepancy between the two methods was for phosphorus intake by N. sertifer females. Female larvae of D. similis utilized larger proportions of dry matter, nitrogen, and potassium and less phosphorous than female larvae of N. sertifer; both species utilized similar proportions of calcium and magnesium. Combined male–female groups of N. sertifer larvae utilized larger proportions of dry matter, potassium, and magnesium compared with female larvae. The proportions utilized were ranked as follows: nitrogen (50–59%), phosphorous (22–39%), magnesium (15–29%), calcium (9–15%), and potassium (6–17%). Nonpositive sodium budgets precluded calculation of utilization of this element. The proportions of dry matter utilized by these sawflies are similar to those for 10 species of foliage-consuming Hymenoptera and fall toward the lower end of the range of values for phytophagous insects. Nitrogen utilization figures for these sawflies fall within the range of values reported for insects that consume tree foliage.

scholarly journals Tree growth and inner characteristics of fruits in pear cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Iváncsics ◽  
Z. Vadas ◽  
G. Jekkel
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growth Vigour ◽  
Large Growth ◽  
Weak Growth

  Summary The aim of study was to investigate growth (crown growth and trunk diameter) and fruit characteristics [dry matter content (%), pectin (%), total acid (%) contents] of 10 pear cultivars ('Móri császár', 'Nyári Kálmán', 'Mogyoródi óriás', 'Fehérvári körte', 'Szegfa körte', 'Piroska', 'Mézes körte'). The crown development of the cv. 'Fehérvári körte' can be regarded as outstanding among the examined cultivars. The growth of the cv. 'Mogyoródi óriás' was low, this cultivar showed the poorest growth vigour. The width of the crown in several cultivars developed at a similar rate as the height of the crown. Outstanding values were shown by cvs. 'Fehervári körte' and 'Móri császár'. The development of trunk diameter was the highest for cvs. 'Piroska' and 'Hóka', and large growth of trunk diameter can be seen on cv. 'Fehervári körte'. Cvs. 'Mogyoródi óriás' and 'Mezes körte'showed weak growth. Outstanding dry matter content of fruits was measured on cvs. 'Fehervári körte' and 'Mézes körte'. The total acid content of fruits of cvs. 'Mézes körte' and 'Fehérvári körte'' was significantly different from the total acid content of cv. 'Mogyoródi óriás'. Pectin content was low in fruits of cvs. 'Mogyoródi óriás' and 'Fehérvári körte', while cv. 'Mézes körte' contained significantly more pectin. Vitamin C content we found was rather high in cvs. 'Mézes körte' and 'Fehérvári körte'.  

The basic density stems of the main wood species in the forest stands within northern steppe of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
S. A. Sytnyk ◽  
V. M. Lovynska ◽  
K. P. Maslikova
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Model Trees ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Maximum Value

The goal of this research is determination the values average basic wood’s density in the bark of Pinus silvestrys (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust). It is established the depending of searching parameter from the main biometric characteristics of trees such as age, diameter of the trunk on the height 1.3 m (d1,3) and height (h) of the trees. The experimental data to determine basic wood density obtained on the thirty temporary plots (sample), where were felled thirty model trees and carried out their evaluation by the fraction. The basic wood’s density in the bark was analyzed according to the main biometric indexes the model trees: age, diameter and height of tree. For the studied species, both for Scots pine, and black locust noted the gradual increase the average basic wood’s density in the bark with growing age of the trees. Thus, for Scots pine fixed the minimum value (245 kg·(m3)-1) of basic wood’s density for the sample in the youngest age, and then recorded the temperate increase this parameter. The maximum value fixed for the oldest sample  (90 years). By analyzing of the change average basic wood density in the bark of black locust found that the maximum value of this index (605 kg·(m3)-1) was recorded for trees in the age 84 years that belonging to the overmature age group, while the minimum value (438 kg·(m3)-1) have the trees in the age 30 years. The distinctions in the value of the average basic density are 27.6%. More high value of basic wood’s density in the bark have the black locust sample compared with Scots pine. The percentage difference between the maximum value of both investigated species is 22.5%. The average basic wood’s density is characterized by increasing type with the age. It was observed both for Scots pine, and black locust. The established dependence of changes of wood basic density of black locust can be related with the proportionate changes in parenchyme tissue and structural elements of xylem vessels. The value of the average basic wood’s density increases with growing diameter at breast height and reaching the maximum values 439–469 kg·(m3)-1) in the Scots pine sample with diameters from 24.3 to 26.1 cm, and then decline. The absolute value of the average basic wood density in the bark is characterized by the significant variation relative to the trend line. The average basic wood’s density in the bark depending on the height tree. The highest index (469 kg·(м3)-1) established for the sample with a height of 22.3 m. Within these altitudes are concentrated the highest values ​​of the studied parameter. Analyzing the data in another study species (black locust) it should be noted that the basic wood’s density in the bark is the constant value. There is observed a few variation of the values ​​of basic wood’s density in bark relative trend line. This fact can be explained by the different age of the sample of Robinia pseudoacacia and its impact on the basic wood’s density in the bark. Thus, this index gradually increases with the aged trees and with the increase diameter and height and then decreases for trees with a maximum diameter (27.4 and 28.6 cm) and height (21.6 and 22 7 m). The maximum value the basic wood’s dencity in the bark (605 kg·(m3)-1) fixed for the sample black locust with a height 24 m and the diameter 15.7 cm. The results of correlation analysis shown the close correlation between the value average wood’s density in the bark both for black locust, and Scots pine with a diameter 1.3 m and height of trees. All correlation coefficients of basic wood’s density in the bark for both studied species with the diameter and height of trees, or else the density of these indexes have a direct relationship. Closely (r = +0,61+0,62) correlation found for basic wood’s density in the bark for Scots pine with height trees, while for black locust the closely correlation  found with both studied biometric parameters as for diameter and height. The average wood’s density in the bark of Scots pine is a few weak (r = +0,55), but significant correlation with stem diameter. Overall, the studied parameters change with the diameter and height of the trunk and depend on the age of the tree. Identified laws allow to establish of the mathematic depends for assessing components of biomass stem. It is necessary to study the biological productivity of forests.

scholarly journals Basic density and crown parameters of forest forming species within Steppe zone in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-91
Author(s):  
Svitlana Sytnyk ◽  
Viktoriia Lovynska ◽  
Petro Lakyda ◽  
Katerina Maslikova
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Branch Biomass ◽  
Crown Characteristics

Abstract The parameters of wood density (WD), bark density (BD) and tree crown characteristics are not only important for estimation of the aboveground biomass, but they also serve as indicators for the timber quality. This study had two objectives: Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) – an introduced species; Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) – an aboriginal species. Black locust and Scots pine from the Steppe zone in Ukraine were compared in their WD and BD, and in the morphological parameters of their tree crowns. There were determined basic WD and BD for differently aged individuals of Black locust and Scots pine. Generally, a higher WD was found for Black locust trees. The average Black locust WD was 518 kg m−3, ranging from 375 kg m−3 to 612 kg m−3; with the average BD – 294 kg m−3, ranging from 214 kg m−3 to 421 kg m−3. The average Scots pine WD was 414 kg m−3, ranging from 254 to 491 kg m−3; with average BD – 317 kg m−3, ranging from 178 to 433 kg m−3. The dependences between WD, BD and biometric tree parameters were identified by correlation analysis. The crown diameter for Black locust and Scots pine was described with fixed prediction models. We proposed particular equations for relationships between foliage biomass and branch biomass, derived from the crown volume of the investigated species.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization from green manures intercropped with coffee tree

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rosileyde Golçalves Siqueira Cardoso ◽  
Adriene Woods Pedrosa ◽  
Mateus Cupertino Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos ◽  
Paulo Roberto Cecon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Mineralization ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Coffee Tree ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Hyacinth Bean

The knowledge about the rate of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of green manures provides synchronization with the higher absorption stage by the coffee tree. The rate of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization varies according to the species of green manure and with the environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the decomposition and nitrogen mineralization of two green manures intercropped with coffee trees for three different periods. The experiment was divided into two designs for statistical analysis, one referring to the characterization of plant material (fresh mass, dry matter, dry matter content, nitrogen concentration and accumulation in the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab) and another to evaluate the rate of decomposition and N mineralization of these species. The decomposition rate decreased in both species as their growth time increased in the field. The decomposition was influenced by the phenology of green manures. Nitrogen mineralization of the jack bean decreased as the growth period in the field increased and was faster than hyacinth bean only when cut at 60 days. The N mineralization was slower than mass decomposition in both species.

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