Specific composition of indigenous microflora (Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactococcus spp.) in farm animals

To maintain a stable composition of the gastrointestinal tract microflora in farm animals it is necessary to use probiotic agents to ensure the full functioning of the digestive, hormonal, and immune systems of the body. Most modern probiotics include lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, which are the most physiologically valuable components of a healthy organism’s an indigenous microflora. The aim of this study was to provide indication and identification from the milk of healthy cows and gastric tract of healthy pigs and calves of the genus bacteria Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Lactococcus. The objects of research were cultures of microorganisms isolated from cows milk (82), the gastrointestinal tract of cattle (317), and piglets of different age groups (114). Bacteriological studies were carried out on the basis of the veterinary sanitation and parasitology laboratory of the National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine" (Kharkiv) in accordance with current regulatory documents. According to the research of the gastrointestinal tract of clinically healthy calves and piglets isolated and typified to 317 and 114 cultures of microorganisms, the species composition of the microflora (82 bacterial cultures) of the cisternous and parenchymatous milk of clinically healthy cows was determined. A total of 513 isolates of microorganisms were isolated, including: Enterobacter spp. –2 (0,39%), Staphylococcus spp. – 7 (1,37%), Bacillus spp. – 11 (2,14%), Enterococcus spp. – 33 (6.43%), Lactococcus spp. – 75(14,62%), Bifidоbacterium spp. – 170 (33,14%), and Lactobacillus spp. – 215 (41,91%). In the study of the biological properties of isolated microorganisms Lactobacillus spp. (215) established their species identity: L. brevis – 7 (3.26%), L. delbrueckii – 9 (4,19%), L. acidophilus – 21 (9,77%), L. fermentum – 23 (10,69%), L. casei – 57 (26,51%), and L. plantarum – 98 (45.58%). Cultures of Bifidobacterium spp. (170) belong to B. suis – 2 (1,18%), B. breve – 7 (4,12%), B. lactentis – 15 (8,82%), B. bifidum – 21 (12,35%), B. longum – 22 (12,94%), B. infantis – 25 (14,71%), and B. adolescentis – 78 (45,88%). From samples of biological material of farm animals, 75 cultures of the genus Lactococcus spp. were isolated (75) of which Lactococcus lactis is representative. Isolated bacteria Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactococcus spp. promising when creating innovative probiotic products for farm animals.

Download Full-text

Distribution and main biological properties of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolates in pig farms of Krasnodar region

Veterinaria Kubani ◽

10.33861/2071-8020-2020-6-17-22 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-22

Author(s):

Aleksandr V. Skorikov ◽

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Age Groups ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

The Body ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Biochemical Activity ◽

Intraperitoneal Infection

Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas aeruginosa are widespread microorganisms in pig breeding enterprises of the region, and due to virulent factors and pathogenic properties, in the etiological aspect, it poses a significant threat to the body of various sex and age groups of pigs. In the form of a monoculture, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 14.7% of cases, in association with other microorganisms - in 85.2%, and the highest proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was manifested in association with Escherichia coli (47.8%), microorganisms that cause the clinic of gastrointestinal diseases in piglets during suckling and weaning periods. A feature of the epizootic manifestation of pseudomonosis in pigs in the conditions of industrial pig breeding is enzootic outbreaks. In 79.9% of cases, growth is accompanied by the formation of a water-soluble pigment of the phenotazine series pyocyanin on selective nutrient media in isolate colonies, in 80-83 % of cases, on MPA with 5 % defibrinated blood, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonies cause hemolysis zones. Biochemical activity of P. aeruginosa cultures showed low-expressed biochemical properties, they assimilated glucose and arabinose, galactose to the formation of acid, decomposed urea, had proteolytic properties, liquefied gelatin and peptonized milk for 72 hours, showed phosphatous activity, did not form indole and H2S, cultures producing exotoxin A, with intraperitoneal infection of laboratory animals show maximum toxigenic properties. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exhibit plasma-coagulating and agesive activity. The obtained results of studying the main biological properties of P. aeruginosa isolates can be used for diagnostic studies and anti-epizootic measures in the region.

Download Full-text

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

Russian Osteopathic Journal ◽

10.32885/2220-0975-2019-1-2-64-71 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 64-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. E. Chernikova ◽

Yu. P. Potekhina

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Respiratory Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Dispersion Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Age Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Download Full-text

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

Veterinaria Kubani ◽

10.33861/2071-8020-2020-1-15-18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Inna R. Kilmetova ◽

◽

Igor A. Rodin ◽

Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽

Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional State ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Live Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

The Impact ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

Download Full-text

Size-At-Age Variability and Sexual Dimorphism of Morphometric Characteristics in the Late Ontogenesis of the Marsh Frog, Pelophylax Ridibundus (Anura, Ranidae), from Terrytory of Crimea

Vestnik Zoologii ◽

10.2478/vzoo-2019-0031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 325-334

Author(s):

V. N. Peskov ◽

N. A. Petrenko ◽

V. Yu. Reminnyi

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

The Body ◽

Adult Males ◽

Morphometric Characteristics ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Mean Values ◽

Marsh Frog ◽

Males And Females ◽

Size At Age ◽

Linear Body

Abstract We study size-at-age and sexual variability of morphometric characteristics of the marsh frog. According to the size of the body, males were divided into three size-age groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus), females — into four groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus, adultus-I). We found that the chronological age of frogs (skeletochronology) does not always correspond to their biological age (size and proportions of the body). We noted that the semi-adult males are reliably larger than females by mean values of 26 studied morphometric characters. Males and females of “adultus” group do not differ by linear body size, significant differences were found in body proportions (7 characters). For the females of “adultus-I” group, the mean values of 26 characters are significantly larger than for “adultus” males. The results of our study showed that with the age of the marsh frog, the level of exhibition, directionality and structure of morphometric sex differences changes.

Download Full-text

Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082316 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2316

Author(s):

Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽

Dehua Wang ◽

Cristiane Gonçalves Titto ◽

Jocelyn Gómez-Prado ◽

Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Infrared Thermography ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

The Body ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Febrile Response ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Stable Temperature ◽

Core Body

Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.

Download Full-text

Secular Trends of Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity in Children and Adolescents from Ukraine

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3302

Author(s):

Katarzyna Dereń ◽

Justyna Wyszyńska ◽

Serhiy Nyankovskyy ◽

Olena Nyankovska ◽

Marta Yatsula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

World Health ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Significant Public Health ◽

Health Organization ◽

Obesity In Children

Overweight and obesity, as well as underweight in children and adolescents, pose a significant public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the secular trend of the incidence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children from Ukraine in 2013/2014 and 2018/2019. The studies were conducted in randomly selected primary and secondary schools in Ukraine. In total, 13,447 children (6468 boys and 6979 girls) participated in the study in 2013/2014 and 18,144 children (8717 boys and 9427 girls) participated in 2018/2019. Measurements of body weight and height were performed in triplicate. Underweight, overweight, and obesity were diagnosed according to the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the group of girls, a significant difference between 2013/2014 and 2018/2019 measurements was found only among 7-year-olds. The percentage of girls at this age exceeding the body mass index (BMI) norm was lower in the 2018/2019 study. In boys, a significant difference was also found in 7-year-olds, and, as in girls, a lower share of overweight and obesity was found in 2018/2019. But for the ages of 12, 13, and 15, the significant differences had a different character—more overweight or obese boys were found in the 2018/2019 study. The proportion of underweight children was similar for the majority of age groups in both genders and did not differ in a statistically significant way.

Download Full-text

Effects of temperature on proliferation of myoblasts from donor piglets with different thermoregulatory maturities

BMC Molecular and Cell Biology ◽

10.1186/s12860-021-00376-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katharina Metzger ◽

Dirk Dannenberger ◽

Armin Tuchscherer ◽

Siriluck Ponsuksili ◽

Claudia Kalbe

Keyword(s):

Muscle Development ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

The Body ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Neonatal Piglets ◽

Protein Levels

Abstract Background Climate change and the associated risk for the occurrence of extreme temperature events or permanent changes in ambient temperature are important in the husbandry of farm animals. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of permanent cultivation temperatures below (35 °C) and above (39 °C, 41 °C) the standard cultivation temperature (37 °C) on porcine muscle development. Therefore, we used our porcine primary muscle cell culture derived from satellite cells as an in vitro model. Neonatal piglets have limited thermoregulatory stability, and several days after birth are required to maintain their body temperature. To consider this developmental step, we used myoblasts originating from thermolabile (five days of age) and thermostable piglets (twenty days of age). Results The efficiency of myoblast proliferation using real-time monitoring via electrical impedance was comparable at all temperatures with no difference in the cell index, slope or doubling time. Both temperatures of 37 °C and 39 °C led to similar biochemical growth properties and cell viability. Only differences in the mRNA expression of myogenesis-associated genes were found at 39 °C compared to 37 °C with less MYF5, MYOD and MSTN and more MYH3 mRNA. Myoblasts grown at 35 °C are smaller, exhibit higher DNA synthesis and express higher amounts of the satellite cell marker PAX7, muscle growth inhibitor MSTN and metabolic coactivator PPARGC1A. Only permanent cultivation at 41 °C resulted in higher HSP expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Interactions between the temperature and donor age showed that MYOD, MYOG, MYH3 and SMPX mRNAs were temperature-dependently expressed in myoblasts of thermolabile but not thermostable piglets. Conclusions We conclude that 37 °C to 39 °C is the best physiological temperature range for adequate porcine myoblast development. Corresponding to the body temperatures of piglets, it is therefore possible to culture primary muscle cells at 39 °C. Only the highest temperature of 41 °C acts as a thermal stressor for myoblasts with increased HSP expression, but it also accelerates myogenic development. Cultivation at 35 °C, however, leads to less differentiated myoblasts with distinct thermogenetic activity. The adaptive behavior of derived primary muscle cells to different cultivation temperatures seems to be determined by the thermoregulatory stability of the donor piglets.

Download Full-text

Some biological properties of spiny eel (Mastacembelus mastacembelus, Banks & Solander, 1794) living in the Upper Euphrates River Basin, Turkey

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91223-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mehmet Zülfü Çoban ◽

Mücahit Eroğlu ◽

Mustafa Düşükcan

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Von Bertalanffy ◽

Growth Type ◽

Euphrates River ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Exploitation Rate

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine some bioecological characteristics of Mastacembelus mastacembelus, which is the only species of Mastacembelidae family living in Turkey. Fish samples were caught between 2014–2018 from Keban Dam Lake, one of the most important reservoirs of the upper Euphrates Basin. In totally, 348 Mastacembelus mastacembelus individuals were examined, including 178 males and 170 females. The age distributions were defined between the I–XV age groups. Total lengths ranged from 14.20 to 81.80 cm in males and from 15.60 to 77.30 cm in females. Total length–weight relationships were calculated as W = 0.0083 × TL2.6516 for males, W = 0.0043 × TL2.8310 for females and W = 0.0063 × TL2.7256 for all population, and the growth type was estimated as “negative allometric”. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for all individuals were computed as L∞ = 90.99, k = 0.13, t0 = − 0.45. The total (Z), natural (M), fishing (F) mortality rates and exploitation rate (E) were estimated as Z = 0.313, M = 0.270, F = 0.043 and E = 0.137, respectively. The length at first capture (Lc) was found as 50.72. The optimum, maximum and economic yields were calculated as E0.5 = 0.361; Emax = 0.776; E0.1 = 0.664, respectively.

Download Full-text

Current Status of Putative Animal Sources of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Humans: Wildlife, Domestic Animals and Pets

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9040868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 868

Author(s):

Max Maurin ◽

Florence Fenollar ◽

Oleg Mediannikov ◽

Bernard Davoust ◽

Christian Devaux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Current Data ◽

The Body ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Current Status ◽

Susceptible Animal

SARS-CoV-2 is currently considered to have emerged from a bat coronavirus reservoir. However, the real natural cycle of this virus remains to be elucidated. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to novel opportunities for SARS-CoV-2 transmission between humans and susceptible animal species. In silico and in vitro evaluation of the interactions between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and eucaryotic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor have tentatively predicted susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection of several animal species. Although useful, these data do not always correlate with in vivo data obtained in experimental models or during natural infections. Other host biological properties may intervene such as the body temperature, level of receptor expression, co-receptor, restriction factors, and genetic background. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 also depends on the extent and duration of viral shedding in the infected host as well as population density and behaviour (group living and grooming). Overall, current data indicate that the most at-risk interactions between humans and animals for COVID-19 infection are those involving certain mustelids (such as minks and ferrets), rodents (such as hamsters), lagomorphs (especially rabbits), and felines (including cats). Therefore, special attention should be paid to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with pets.

Download Full-text

Effects of maternal and post-weaned rumen-protected folic acid supplementation on slaughter performance and meat quality in the offspring lambs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520005206 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

H.Q. Li ◽

B. Wang ◽

Z. Li ◽

H.L. Luo ◽

C. Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Folic Acid Supplementation ◽

The Body ◽

Morphological Development ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Slaughter Performance

Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) on slaughter performance, visceral organ and gastrointestinal tract coefficients, and meat quality in lambs. Sixty-six lambs from 120 Hu ewes were selected based on body weight and maternal diets, and then assigned to six groups using a randomized block experimental design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was folic acid (FA) as RPFA in the maternal diet (0 mg/kg [M0F], 16 mg/kg [M16F] or 32 mg/kg [M32F] on dry matter basis). The second factor was FA in the lambs’ diet from weaning until slaughter (0 mg/kg [OC] or 4.0 mg/kg [OF]). The results indicated that the addition of 16 mg/kg FA to the maternal diet increased pre-slaughter weight (PSW), dressing and meat percentage, the reticulum and omasum coefficients, length of the jejunum and ileum, tail fat and perirenal fat coefficient and a* value of the meat color. The addition of RPFA to the lambs’ diet increased PSW, dressing and meat percentage, eye muscle area, abomasum weight, weight and length of the small intestine, but reduced the coefficients of tail fat. A M×O interaction was observed for the weights of heart, lungs, rumen and total stomach, weight and coefficient of omental fat and the GR value. Collectively, RPFA in the maternal and lambs’ diet improved slaughter performance and meat quality by stimulating the morphological development of the gastrointestinal tract and the distribution of fat in the body.

Download Full-text