scholarly journals O. O. Bobrynskyi and the State Duma: views and activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nataliia Chernikova ◽  
Iryna Karpan
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the article is to reveal to reveal directions of O. O. Bobrynskyi’s socio- political and state activity in 1905–1911. Research methods: historical-genetic, historical-comparative, descriptive, historical-typological, system-structural. Main results. O. Bobrynskyi belonged to the famous noble family of landowners, owners of sugar factories of the Russian Empire. Therefore, he actively defended the interests of the nobility and autocracy. He believed that the consolidation of the nobility was necessary to maintain its dominant position in the state, especially after the revolutionary events of 1905. His practical steps to establish the organizational centers of the conservative nobility, its politicization and participation in the processes of state formation are revealed. The attention is focused on the role of O. Bobrynskyi in the development of organizational and ideological foundations, ensuring the practical activity of the United Nobility as a leading force in the political mechanism of Russia at that time. O. Bobrynskyi made the United Nobility congresses look like a parliament, which formed views of the conservative nobility on current state problems. As a result, their agrarian and electoral reform projects have largely become the basis of government reform. Thus, the nobility was able to form a majority in the Duma of the 3rd convocation, and O. Bobrynskyi became a deputy too. The nature and content his parliamentary activity, legislative initiatives and efforts to establish a regime of cooperation and partnership in the State Duma are revealed. The dynamics of changes in the tactics, forms and methods of political struggle were monitored. O. Bobrynskyi constantly tried to strike the optimal political balance between the right parties of the Duma to support the political platform developed at the meetings of the United Nobility. Much attention is paid to the analysis of the content and character of O. Bobrynskyi’s speech, the essential features, specifics, the evolution of his political platform, realized during his political career. Practical significance. Possibility of using the obtained results for writing monographs, general researches, textbooks and manuals dedicated to the Russian history, history of socio-political organizations, parties and movements, representative and state institutions, political elite of the Russian Empire; for creating and teaching normative and special courses in Russian history, political and social history at universities, colleges etc. Scientific novelty. O. O. Bobrynskyi’s steps to create the optimal political balance between the right-wing Duma parties in order to lobby the United Nobility political platform are outlined. The dynamics of changes in the tactics, forms and methods of his political struggle were monitored. Article type: explanation.

scholarly journals POLITICAL POLICE OF KOSTROMA PROVINCE AND ITS CADRE PERSONNEL IN 1826–1867

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Gennadiy G. Bril’ ◽  
Leonid N. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Order ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Successful Career ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article examines the process of origin and formation of the political police of Kostroma Province in the mid-19th century. Special attention is paid to the issue of its staffi ng and the wide use of army offi cers for service in the political police. The chronological framework covers a little-studied period of activity of the political police in Kostroma Province. The authors of the article note that the Highest orders of military ranks that had a special place in the appointment of the headquarters and chief offi cers of the political police. On the basis of archival materials, the main directions of service activities of the highest ranks of the political police in the region are analysed. The article reveals the contribution of the gendarmes’ Corps chiefs to the protection of public order during the period under review. The author reveals the attitude of the authorities to literacy among the lower ranks of the gendarmerie. On the basis of historical and archival documents, it is concluded that the successful career of offi cers was promoted by conscientious performance of their offi cial duties, their «excellent-diligent and zealous service». It is concluded that special attention was paid to discipline among the gendarmes. The political police were independent of other branches of government, and were subordinate only to the headquarters of the gendarmes’ corps and the third division of His Imperial Majesty’s own offi ce. Gaps in the historical and legal coverage of the work of the state security Agency in the province of the Russian Empire at the fi rst stage of its existence are fi lled.

scholarly journals On the 115th anniversary of the elections to the State Duma of the 1st convocation in Kostroma Province (based on the materials of Kostroma newspapers)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Andrey Mikhailovich Belov ◽  
Dmitry Aleksandrovich Bulyukin
Keyword(s):  
Legal Culture ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Business Correspondence

The article is devoted to the little-studied problem of elections to the First State Duma of the Russian Empire in Kostroma Province, as well as the attitude of different strata, classes and estates to the elections and activities of deputies. As sources, the documents of the funds of the State Archive of Kostroma Region (GAKO), in particular, the materials of the local newspapers “Kostroma Speechˮ and “Herald of Povolzhyeˮ are used. An attempt is made to reveal to what extent the institution of Russian parliamentarism was rooted in the Province, to what extent the elected deputies expressed the interests of voters of different classes. The extensive factual material covers the organisation of elections, the course of elections in different counties, as well as conflicts and violations during the conduct of elections. Rich material is also provided by memoirs, business correspondence of officials and other documents. The authors come to the conclusion that Kostroma newspapers of that time covered the above issues in great detail and meaningfully, that in the conditions of the emerging multiparty system, the political and legal culture of the Province grew, as well as the interest of representatives of different classes in solving the most important problems of the then Russian reality.

Reflection of the Russian Empire Social Policy (1861–1914) in English-American Historiography

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Nadeshda Motorova
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social History ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The People ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes English and American researchers’ works which reflected the factors that influenced the formation of the state social policy of the Russian Empire in 1861–1914 and its individual aspects. It is noted that in studies on institutional history foreign scholars point to the problems in organizing the system of local government and self-government, which negatively affected the development of the social sphere. These drawbacks include the lack of institutional unity between the various branches of government and a single strategic purpose for the state development, the inability of various institutions of power to provide an effective solution to the problems of the population. These issues are indicated by A. Verner, N. Weissman, T. Pearson and others. The works of this direction contain negative or neutral assessments of the state internal policy, which included social policy. Its certain aspects have also received coverage in the studies on social history. In foreign historiography attention was paid to such problems as the development of charity in the Russian Empire and the situation of children, as and the healthcare system. For understanding the essence of the state social policy, the conclusions made by A. Lindenmeyr are of particular value. She points to gradual rationalization of assistance to the people in need as well as maintaining the general control of the state over its development. B. Gorshkov, analyzing the problem of child labor in the Russian Empire, for the first time affects the actual social policy of the state. He emphasizes that in this direction, state institutions and the public have managed to establish successful cooperation and achieve positive results.

scholarly journals FINANCING PUBLIC GOODS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGING THE POLITICAL ELITE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Volokhova ◽  
◽  
Alina Hishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
State Financing

The purpose of the article is to conduct a retrospective analysis of the volume and structure of financing of public goods in accordance with the change of the political elite in Ukraine (changes of the Presidents of Ukraine).The research methodology consists in calculating the dynamics of the expenditure part of the consolidated budget of Ukraine in terms of functional classification of expenditures, the share of the main items of the consolidated budget expenditure for 1992-2020, the share of the expenditure part of the consolidated budget of Ukraine and the main expenditure items in GDP. According to the results of the study, the dynamics of changes in the total volume and structure of financing public expenditures in accordance with the change of the political elite is revealed. The practical significance of the analysis indicates that the system of expenditure of the consolidated budget of Ukraine, respectively, the structure of financing public goods, is imperfect and needs to be adjusted. Thus, the largest share of expenditures of the consolidated budget of Ukraine, which has recently been decreasing from year to year, is spent on financing social protection and social security. The volume of expenditures on economic activity, which is able to give impetus to the development of the state economy, is insufficient. Expenditures on education and healthcare in Ukraine have been significantly reduced. Due to these budgetary resources, the financing of national functions by the state, financing of public order, security and the judiciary has been increased. Imperfection of fiscal policy, unreasonable financing of certain areas, insufficient control over the implementation of budget programs, their inefficiency and many other problems lead to irrational use of funds from the budgets of Ukraine. Therefore, in order to establish stability in the economic sphere of the state, it is necessary to restrain the growth of the share of consolidated budget expenditures relative to GDP. This will reduce the tax burden on the population and business, reduce the state budget deficit of Ukraine. When allocating expenditures, it is necessary to start from the size of the revenue side of the budget in order to achieve proportional growth of revenues and expenditures. It is worth paying attention to ensuring reliable control over the movement of budget resources. In order to increase the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the population in public goods, it is necessary to develop the political consciousness and political culture of citizens, to increase the level of financial decentralization in the country.

scholarly journals Russian army in Right Bank Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Vadym Stetsiuk ◽  
Anatolii Filinyuk
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Ideological Influence ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military

The purpose of the article is to highlight the essence and specifics of social and political-ideological influence of the imperial authorities, army and military educational institutions of Russia on children and youth in the social transformations of the Right Bank Ukraine in the last decades of the 19th and early 20th centuries. To achieve this goal, general scientific (methods of analysis and synthesis) and special historical methods (internal criticism of the source, historical-systemic and historical-typological methods) are used. The article describes the military-professional and state-patriotic orientation of reforming and developing the network of civilian and military educational institutions of Right Bank Ukraine. It is shown that the central and local authorities and the military department of Russia prioritized the dominance of the army and military and military methods of influencing its population in the state life of the region. This brought changes and approaches to working with children and youth from different backgrounds in the educational system. It was determined that children and youth were involved in military-political processes, it was instilled in them a patriotic attitude to the Russian Empire, a sense of Russian identity, devotion to the state, the tsar, a sense of readiness to fight with arms for the interests of the empire. At the same time, it is emphasized that in many cases the effectiveness of this work was offset by national beliefs formed in families and the Ukrainian environment. The scientific novelty of the article is in an attempt to characterize comprehensively the essence and specifics of social and political- ideological influence on the pupils of civil and military educational institutions of the Right Bank Ukraine. The practical significance of the study is in possibility of using the obtained results for further study of social transformations in the Dnipro Ukraine of the late imperial period, and in modern activities to counter Russia’s information aggression against Ukraine. Type of article: empirical and analytical.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN WALI KOTA PROBOLINGGO DALAM PELAKSANAAN PEMBINAAN KEPEGAWAIAN DI LINGKUNGAN PEMERINTAHAN KOTA PROBOLINGGO

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Husni Mubaroq ◽  
Sohibul Watoni ◽  
Zairotul Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

The concept of decentralization is the authority of the government that is delegated to the regions, including the authority of personnel in accordance with the decentralized functions. The regional head has the task of being a coach of the State Civil Apparatus in the concept of decentralization. There was a case that the Mayor of Probolinggo issued a decree to remove Tutang Heri Aribowo, who served as an Expert Staff at the Regional Secretariat of the City of Probolinggo. The Regional Government as a civil servant coach tends to abuse its authority. This happens because there is the influence of the political elite in giving disciplinary punishment to employees. The author wants to describe the problem in a study that uses descriptive analytical methods, namely descriptions of the facts and characteristics of a particular population or area in a systematic, factual and thorough manner. The data in this study collected materials by means of a library study. This study also uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach. So that in this study we know the legal basics of this problem. In order to know the proper process and institution related to the case problem. This aims at employee disputes on the right track and there is no arbitrariness by the ASN supervisor. Keywords: Employment Disputes, Authority, Personnel Advisor

scholarly journals The Octobrists and the right-wing political parties in the elections to the II State Duma of the Russian Empire: the attempt of the electoral Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Olga Patrikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right

A Majority system of elections to the State Duma of the Russian Empire pushed the political parties participating in election campaigns to the conclusion of electoral blocs and agreements. The purpose of this article is to find out whether the generated block of Octobrists and reactionaries in the elections in the II State Duma? Compromised if the leadership of the “Soyuz 17 oktyabrya” the pre-election agreement with such odious political force? The methodological basis of this work was the principles of historicism, scientific credibility and objectivity, as well as traditional methods of historical research: problem-chronological, comparative. Based on the analysis of preserved in the archives of the party’s correspondence and also periodicals of the time the author comes to the conclusion that the election agreement of the “Soyuz 17 oktyabrya” with the right-wing political parties did not take place. The reason is the difference in the views of the moderate and far-right politicians to solve the “Jewish question” in Russia in the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals The Political and Legal Aspect of the Relations between the Autocracy and the Adventists in the Context of the General Protestant Movement in the Second Half of the Nineteenth and First Years of the Twentieth Centuries

2008 ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Roman Anatoliyovych Sitarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Seventh Day Adventist ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Scientific Exploration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The topic of the study is a component of modern scientific exploration that examines the role of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in building our multi-denominational society. In particular, the issue of determining the place and role of the Adventist Church in society and the state is important. However, today it is possible to unleash it only by summing up the accumulated experience in this field for the whole period of the history of Adventism in Ukraine. The problem of state-confessional relations is important, but it has not been given sufficient importance in terms of theoretical research, which sometimes leads to gross errors in the construction of these relations, which is not beneficial to society. Thus, it is interesting for us to experience the emergence of relations between the state and the Adventist faith in the Ukrainian lands that were part of the Russian Empire, since that is when the formation of the Adventist Church in the domestic territories began.

scholarly journals The legal mechanism for changing the individual legal status of representatives of the privileged classes in the Russian Empire in 1801-1815

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
S. N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. The article deals with the issues of policy environment for individual social mobility. It provides the examples of promotion of representatives of the noble and spiritual estates (including foreigners who took Russian citizenship) of the Russian Empire in the early 19th century; the role of noninstitutional factors in upward mobility is noted.Materials and methodology. The methodological basis of the study includes the dialectical, historical, formal-legal, critical-legal methods in the framework of the civilizational approach.Results of the research. At the beginning of the XIX century the system of vertical social mobility was modernized in the Russian Empire, primarily in relation to the representatives of the privileged classes. The legal basis of the mechanism of changing the individual legal status included the normative legal acts and the traditions of joining the service by children from nobily that had developed over the previous century. These traditions can be considered as non-institutionalized practices of advancement on the social ladder. The two main channels of social lift in Russia at that time for representatives of the privileged classes were the army and the state civil service; court service in that period lost its role as a channel of social lift.With the help of this mechanism, representatives of the noble class, as well as individual representatives of the spiritual class, were promoted to the political elite of the country. This mechanism was designed to be applied to both “natural” Russian nationals and foreigners who chose to serve Russia as their main professional career. After 1809 the nobles of Finland received institutional opportunities for professional growth within the Russian system of public service. A successful career in the civil service was also possible for a representative of a foreign state who received Russian citizenship, but only if they had a good education and knowledge in the field of professional activity.Discussion and conclusions. The author substantiates the importance of not only the legislative provisions, but also of the existing factors of “nonlegal” nature in the process of changing the individual legal status, as well as the role of education, which by the beginning of the considered period had become a prerequisite for joining the political elite of the country.

scholarly journals WHY DID MERCHANTS IN TRADITIONAL CHINA NEED AN ACADEMIC TITLE?

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
A. V. Danshin
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Government Official ◽  
The Political ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
Merchant Class ◽  
The Right

The article explores the issue of participation of the traditional China merchant class in special examinations that gave the right to work in the state authorities. The author’s aim was to find the answer to the following question: why were merchants banned from the exams, whereas artisans and peasants were granted this opportunity. When they were finally given such an option, it immediately resulted in a huge wave of applicants willing to pass the difficult test, despite its great material and moral costs and the fact that there was no guarantee that the applicant could ever become a government official to become officials, even if they passed the ordeal with flying colors. The author concludes that for most of the applicants the main purpose was not the bureaucratic post itself but the degree that allowed them to enter the ranks of the privileged scholar class shênshih (绅士) and become part of the political elite of Chinese society, which gave them more opportunities to develop their trading business.

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