scholarly journals The formation of herbage covers in Scots Pine plantations on recultivated lands of Semenivsko-Golovkivskiy lignite open-cut

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
O. M. Masiuk ◽  
O. I. Lisovets
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Edaphic Conditions ◽  
Grass Stand

The studies were conducted in the 20-year-old plantations of Pinus sylvestris L. cultivated on recultivated lands of Semenivsko-Golovkivskiy lignite open-cut. The sample areas are located within five types of edaphic variety of technosol that determines the specificity of forest growth conditions and development of forest plantations on man-made slope of 5-8º. Type 1 is located on a plateau. The edaphotope is represented by sandy loam solid with mechanical impurities of rippled clays (0-85 cm) in the upper layer, and sand one deeper. Type 2 is located on the upper third of the slope. The edaphotope is represented by 0-20 cm of loessial clay loam, 20 cm and deeper there is a medium clay. Type 3 is located on the middle third of the slope. The top layer of 0-10 cm consists of humus; heavy loam is 10 cm and deeper. Type 4 is located on the lower third of the slope. The edaphotope is represented by light and medium clays of different colors; below 130 cm brown coal is found throughout the profile. Type 5 is located in the valley line. Edaphotope is presented by the mixture of heavy clay loams, red-brown and coal clay; below 120 cm throughout the profile there is the formation of brown coal. Humidification conditions are atmospheric. The research results have shown that the formation of grass stand in the Scots Pine plantations depends on number of factors, such as topography, humidification conditions and availability of nutrients, planting density, lighting conditions, etc. The grass stand, formed in the pine plantations is dominated by perennials (78-93 %). Climate morphs are represented by hemicryptophytes (63-79 %). Among heliomorphs, it is observed fragmented dominance of species, partly demanding to light (scioheliophyte) over light-demanding ones that is connected with the increase of density of planting. Mesotrophic group of plants dominates among trophomorphs. Depending on the edaphic conditions, the role of oligotrophic and megatrophic species is growing. The vast number of species among cenomorphs on all plots are the plants that belong to different groups of stepants and ruderants. Most species are pollinated by insects (69 – 79 %) and are spread by the spreading   diaspore with elastic stalks by shocks (42 – 53 %). Summarizing the research results, it should be noted that, in addition to the influence of woody vegetation on the lower tiers of biogeocenoses, edaphic conditions are of great importance for their formation, as well as elements of the landscape, both created initially and formed as a result of the gradual fragmentary subsidence of the territory of the dump. These factors regulate the ratio of different groups of biomorphs, climamorphs, trophomorphs, hygromorphs, heliomorphs and cenomorphs in the grass stand. Climatic conditions, influence of surrounding phytocenoses of undisturbed lands set the direction of succession on the way of formation of zonal grassy group.

Ecological problems of sandy area afforestation in the south of Ukraine

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
P. M. Bujanov
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Pinus Silvestris ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Rock Outcrops

The town of Oleshky, renamed as Tsiurupinsk in 1928, is located in the Kherson region of Ukraine, near the railway station Tsiurupinsk. The Nizhnyodniprovsky Research Station "Afforestation of sands and viticulture" is located here. The total area ​​of forest fund in Kherson region is 221.7 thousand hectares. The percentage of forest land is 3.3 %. 45 thousand hectares of this area belong to Tiurupinsk forest. The tree composition involves 74 % of coniferous and 26 % of deciduous breeds. 62 % of Cherson forests were created by man. The pine forests on the Oleshkovsky (Nizhnyodniprovsky) sands were created in the middle of the XIX сentury. This was dictated by the urgent task of fixing the sands by the black storms, using the fertility of sands in forest managment and agriculture. Completely joining the authors of papers devoted Oleshkovsky sands, their afforestation, recreation, conservation and management of the southern pine forest complexes, we consider important to mention: in harsh growing conditions of pine trees it is extremely necessary to strive for a complex biogeocenological research, to a comprehensive in-depth knowledge of pine ecosystems, at which typological approach is obligatory not from the standpoint of common assessments of forest growth conditions, but using typological principles of Professor A. L. Belgard established for the conditions of geographical and often environmental inadequacy of forest to habitat conditions; the typology provides diversity of soil types of Oleshkovsky forest growth conditions where there are two variants of soils – with and without salinity, with different gradations of humidification – from very dry to wet soils; it is necessary to take into account the extent of the influence of planted forests on the environment, which depends primarily on the ecological forest structure, which refers to the light structure of the stands and the duration of their habitat transforming influence. Light structure, in its turn depends on the architectonics of the tree crowns forming part of the forest (Belgard, 1971); using the special equipment it is necessary to create or improve the network of hydrological monitoring wells covering all environmental profiles, catens and plots, to conduct large-scale monitoring studies of the cyclic and successional forms of dynamics of forest hydrology: groundwater level, the chemistry, radioecology, organic matter, biota and also flow direction of groundwater movement (hydraulically interconnected), their degree of contamination, sanitary toxicological and other features; to explore sandy soils for content and quality of humus to evaluate soil fertility (Orlov, 1981); to explore microclimatic regimes to identify critical data to the vitality of pine plantations; with all indicators of systematic characteristics of a pine (Pinus silvestris L.), it has about 100 species. In the culture of Ukraine there are about 35 species. But, as foresters observe, not every pine (Pinus silvestris L.). gives a good effect of growth and development in every kind of environmental ecotope. It is necessary to consider the differences between hereditary traits of burned 350 years old samples of the eternal pinewood in Samarsky forest and artificial pine plantations grown from seed material taken from a completely different habitat conditions. Oak acorns, collected in the floodplain of River Dniester and planted in the watershed of Gyrnetsovy forest in Moldavia, dieback at the age of 30 years, but oak acorns, collected in plakor conditions and landed next to the first, have high vitality, intensive growth and development. It is well known that the Scots pine (Pinus silvestris) and Cretaceous pine (Pinus cretacea) do not differ in systematics. But Scots pine planted on chalk mountains near Scots pine are different. The first pine does not give seed regeneration, and the second one has acquired the ability to reproduce itself easily on Cretaceous and to hоld on barren rock outcrops (Milkov, 1959); in the study of sandy habitats it is necessary to establish consort links in biogeocenoses, their horizontal and vertical structures, ecomorphic features of the forest, its age population type, and as a result - to establish the viability and sustainability of pine plantations to the conditions; finally, it should be emphasized that only a comprehensive and integrated approach to the study of forest ecosystems in the steppe (horizontal and vertical structure) can give a reliable information about the successfully constructed plantation, its stability and durability.

Anatomical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Fast-Growing Populus × Euramericana cv. ‘74/76’

IAWA Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Rongjun ◽  
Yao Chunli ◽  
Cheng Xianbao ◽  
Lu Jianxiong ◽  
Fei Benhua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Large Growth

The anatomical characteristics, chemical composition, and physical and mechanical properties of fast-growing Populus × euramericana cv. ‘74/76’ juvenile wood were investigated. Four- to five-year-old clonal plantation trees were harvested from two different experimental sites in the suburbs of Beijing. The Shunyi site had black alkali soil with a planting density of 4 × 6 m and the Miyun site had sandy loam soil with a planting density of 3 × 5 m. The test results showed that the poplar trees from the two sites were both fast growing, with poplar at Shunyi growing faster than at Miyun. There were no significant differences in wood properties between trees grown at the two sites. Fiber length at breast height varied from 872 to 1300 μm between growth rings, average fiber width varied from 21.0 to 25.5 μm and double wall thickness varied from 5.0 to 6.6 μm. Average cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose contents in the samples were 48.9%, 25.4%, and 18.8%, respectively. MFA was higher in the first two growth rings (20–25°), and then decreased rapidly to 12° close to the bark. The average air-dry density at breast height was 401 kg/m3 while the average MOE at breast height was 9.3 GPa. The trees showed large growth rates in both height and stem diameter during the growing season. However, wood properties of the juvenile poplar appeared to be similar to those of poplars with a slower growth rate.

Agrotechnological passport of the potato variety Signal

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
А.Э. Шабанов ◽  
А.И. Киселев
Keyword(s):  
Potato Variety ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Loam Soil

Опыты проводили в 2018–2020 годах на экспериментальной базе «Коренево» (Московская область) в условиях дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почвы Центрального региона Нечерноземной зоны России. Цель исследований – изучить реакцию нового среднеспелого сорта картофеля Сигнал селекции ФГБНУ «ФИЦ картофеля имени А.Г. Лорха» на сроки, густоту посадки и приемы внесения минеральных удобрений по комплексу хозяйственно ценных признаков (морфологические и биологические особенности, потребительские и столовые качества клубней, урожайность, показатели качества клубней, устойчивость к болезням, лежкость при хранении). Выбор исследуемых агроприемов обусловлен необходимостью ускорения появления всходов, последующего развития растений и формирования достаточно значимого уровня урожая клубней до наступления неблагоприятных метеорологических условий (жара, засуха), а также обеспечения бесперебойного питания растений в течение всей вегетации, так как на супесчаных почвах во время выпадения осадков происходит вымывание питательных веществ в недоступные для корневой системы растений слои. Клубни высаживали в два срока: ранний (третья декада апреля при температуре почвы не ниже 5–7 °C) и базовый (контроль) – через 7–10 дней после первого срока. Посадку проводили на фоне удобрений, внесенных локально тремя приемами при нарезке гребней и последующих междурядных обработках двумя лентами: 1. Основное N90P90K135(контроль); 2. Дробное №1 (стартовое N60P60K90+ подкормка N30P30K45 через 7–10 дней после всходов); 3. Дробное №2 (стартовое N30P30K45 + подкормка N30P30K45 через 7–10 дней после всходов + подкормка N30P30K45 в фазе бутонизации). Густота посадки: 44, 50 и 56 тыс. клубней/га по схеме 75×30; 75×27 и 75×24 см. Определен наиболее эффективный комплекс агроприемов, включающий раннюю посадку (третья декада апреля при температуре почвы не ниже 5 °C) с густотой 44 тыс. клубней/га на фоне дробно-локального внесения удобрений (№1). В условиях дерново-подзолистой супесчаной почвы Центрального региона Нечерноземной зоны сорт дает прибавку урожая в размере 3,9 т/га, или 10,3%. При этом условный доход составляет 43,0 тыс. р/га. Ключевые слова: агротехнологический паспорт, урожайность, срок, густота посадки, прием внесения, потребительские и столовые качества, условный доход. The experiments were carried out in 2018–2020 at the experimental base Korenevo (Moscow region) in the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia. The aim of the research is to study the reaction of a new medium-ripe potato variety from the selection of Russian Potato Research Centre on the timing, planting density and methods of applying mineral fertilizers according to a complex of economically valuable characteristics (morphological and biological features, consumer and table qualities of tubers, yield, quality indicators of tubers, disease resistance, shelf life). The choice of the studied agricultural practices is due to the need to accelerate the emergence of seedlings, the subsequent development of plants and the formation of a sufficiently significant level of tuber yield before the onset of adverse meteorological conditions (heat, drought), as well as to ensure uninterrupted nutrition of plants throughout the growing season, since on sandy loam soils during precipitation, nutrients are leached into layers inaccessible to the root system of plants. Tubers were planted in two terms: early (3rd decade of April at a soil temperature not lower than 5–7 °C) and basic (control) – 7–10 days after the first term. The planting was carried out against the background of fertilizers applied locally in three methods when cutting the ridges and subsequent row-to-row treatments with two tapes: 1. Basic N90P90K135 (control); 2. Fractional No1 (starting N60P60K90 + top dressing N30P30K45 7–10 days after germination); 3. Fractional No2 (starting N30P30K45+ top dressing N30P30K45 7–10 days after germination + top dressing N30P30K45 in the budding phase). Planting density: 44, 50 and 56 thousand tubers/ha according to the scheme 75×30; 75×27 and 75×24 cm. The most effective agro-complex of techniques was determined, including early planting (3rd decade of April at soil t not lower than 5 °C) with a density of 44 thousand tubers/ha against the background of fractional local fertilization (№1). In the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone, the variety gives an increase in yield of 3.9 t/ha, or 10.3%. At the same time, the conditional income is 43.0 thousand rub/ha.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of managed boreal forests in Finland to climate change, with implications for adaptive management

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1501) ◽  
pp. 2339-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Kellomäki ◽  
Heli Peltola ◽  
Tuula Nuutinen ◽  
Kari T Korhonen ◽  
Harri Strandman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Forests ◽  
Climate Change Model

This study investigated the sensitivity of managed boreal forests to climate change, with consequent needs to adapt the management to climate change. Model simulations representing the Finnish territory between 60 and 70° N showed that climate change may substantially change the dynamics of managed boreal forests in northern Europe. This is especially probable at the northern and southern edges of this forest zone. In the north, forest growth may increase, but the special features of northern forests may be diminished. In the south, climate change may create a suboptimal environment for Norway spruce. Dominance of Scots pine may increase on less fertile sites currently occupied by Norway spruce. Birches may compete with Scots pine even in these sites and the dominance of birches may increase. These changes may reduce the total forest growth locally but, over the whole of Finland, total forest growth may increase by 44%, with an increase of 82% in the potential cutting drain. The choice of appropriate species and reduced rotation length may sustain the productivity of forest land under climate change.

scholarly journals Fungal communities in barren forest soil after amendment with different wood substrates and their possible effects on trees’, pathogens, insects and nematodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Małecka ◽  
Hanna Kwaśna ◽  
Wojciech Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

AbstractScots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers had been spread over the surface of barren forest soil before planting with Scots pine. The effects of the Scots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers on the abundance and diversity of culturable fungi were investigated. The amendments were aimed at increasing the soil suppressiveness toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.The classical soil-dilution method was chosen for qualitative and quantitative analyses of fungal communities in soils because of its proven reliability and consistency. The soil was inhabited by saprotrophic fungi from Ascomycota and Zygomycota, including species known to be potential antagonists ofArmillariaorH. annosum(i.e.Clonostachys + Trichodermaspp.,Penicillium commune, P. daleae,P. janczewskii) or stimulants ofArmillaria(i.e.Pseudogymnoascus roseus,Trichocladium opacum). Eleven years after treatment, the abundance and diversity of fungi, the abundance ofP. commune, and locally the abundance ofP. janczewskiiincreased, whileClonostachys + Trichodermaspp., and locally,P. daleaeandT. opacumdecreased. Amending the barren soil with organic matter does not guarantee effective, long-term suppressiveness of the sandy loam soil toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.Increased abundance of entomopathogenic and nematophagous species, 11 years after treatment, does suggest the long-term possibility of insect or nematode control in soil.

scholarly journals Influence of Planting Density on Diameter and Height in East Texas Pine Plantations

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jin Lee ◽  
J. David Lenhart
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Average Height ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract The response of diameter and height of unthinned planted stands loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine in East Texas to different classes of planting densities were analyzed. After tracking the development of diameter and height for 15 yr on a set of permanent plots representing a broad range of plantation parameters, average diameter and average height trends were observed. For both species, average diameter values were significantly larger with lower planting densities. In contrast, average height growth is insensitive to planting density at younger age classes for loblolly and at older age classes for slash pine plantations. South. J. Appl. For. 22(4):241-244.

Relating Quantity, Quality, and Value of Lumber to Planting Density for Loblolly Pine Plantations

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Amateis ◽  
Harold E. Burkhart
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Planting Density

GLAZE DAMAGE IN RED AND SCOTS PINE PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHEASTERN MANITOBA

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Cayford ◽  
R. A. Haig
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Permanent Damage

In November 1958, an ice storm caused severe bending of stems in young red and Scots pine plantations on the Sandilands Forest Reserve in southeastern Manitoba. A study was carried out to investigate the recovery of bent trees and to determine the extent of permanent damage in the plantations.Between 50 and 100 per cent of the trees in young red pine plantations were bent so severely that their tops were touching the ground. Scots pine plantations were less severely affected. However, both species showed considerable recovery and little or no permanent damage has occurred in plantations younger than 14 or older than 25 years of age. Approximately one quarter of the trees growing in two dense red pine plantations, 16 and 22 years of age, were judged to have been permanently damaged.

INFLUENCE OF THE SOIL RECLAMATION PLANTS ON THE FOREST VEGETATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOIL AND GROWTH OF THE CROPS OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS IN THE PINE FOREST CONDITIONS

10.12737/3824 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Лежнин ◽  
Konstantin Lezhnin ◽  
Карасев ◽  
Valeriy Karasev ◽  
Карасева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Forest Conditions ◽  
Common Juniper

Biological reclamation by plants with nitrogen-fixing symbionts and enriching the soil with organic substances is an urgent problem for the Republic of Mari El, where sod -podzolic loam, sandy loam and sandy soils with low organic content, nitrogen and other important elements was expanded. The feasibility of establishing a pine culture with the introduction of soil-improving plants was noted by many researchers, but their impact on the effectiveness of silvicultural properties of the soil, physiological processes and growth are poorly understood. In this paper we evaluated the influence of soil reclamation plants on silvicultural properties of soils, the intensity of the basic physiological processes and growth index of Scots pine. According to research, the perspective and cost-effective measure for improving the fertility of poor sandy coniferous soil, improving resilience and productivity of pine plantations is the introduction of the common juniper and soil reclamation plants with nitrogen-fixing symbionts, such as Russian broom, perennial lupine. When choosing the plants we should recognize its water regime. At the conditions of sufficient moisture it is suitably administered to the cultures of Scots pine, common juniper and perennial lupine. In the dry forest conditions the most effective is an introduction the culture of Scots pine, Russian broom. At the same time, the porosity of the soil increases from 47 to 52% and the content of humus and nitrogen by rises to18-20%.

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