scholarly journals The spectrum of metametaphysics

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. e41217
Author(s):  
Jonas R. Becker Arenhart ◽  
Raoni Wohnrath Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Epistemic Warrant ◽  
Scientific Metaphysics

Scientific realism is typically associated with metaphysics. One current incarnation of such an association concerns the requirement of a metaphysical characterization of the entities one is being a realist about. This is sometimes called “Chakravartty’s Challenge”, and codifies the claim that without a metaphysical characterization, one does not have a clear picture of the realistic commitments one is engaged with. The required connection between metaphysics and science naturally raises the question of whether such a demand is appropriately fulfilled, and how metaphysics engages with science in order to produce what is called “scientific metaphysics”. Here, we map some of the options available in the literature, generating a conceptual spectrum according to how each view approximates science and metaphysics. This is done with the purpose of enlightening the current debate on the possibility of epistemic warrant that science could grant to such a metaphysics, and how different positions differently address the thorny issue concerning such a warrant.

scholarly journals Scientific Realism in the Wild: An Empirical Study of Seven Sciences and History and Philosophy of Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
In The Wild

We report the results of a study that investigated the views of researchers working in sevenscientific disciplines and in history and philosophy of science in regard to four hypothesizeddimensions of scientific realism. Among other things, we found (i) that natural scientiststended to express more strongly realist views than social scientists, (ii) that historyand philosophy of science scholars tended to express more antirealist views than naturalscientists, (iii) that van Fraassen’s characterization of scientific realism failed to clusterwith more standard characterizations, and (iv) that those who endorsed the pessimistic inductionwere no more or less likely to endorse antirealism.

scholarly journals What is the Meaning of Critical Thinking in the Context of Globalization?

MANUSYA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 80-96
Author(s):  
Stephen Evans
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

A review of recent literature advocating critical thinking as a necessary response to ‘globalizationʼ, gives no clear picture of what critical thinking is. Drawing on Kant and Hermeneutics, this paper proposes a critical definition of critical thinking as an understanding of its subject-matter which questions itself, and a characterization of critical thinking as the tension of standing within the subject-matter while holding it at a distance. Considered against a backdrop of concerns about ‘globalizationʼ, critical thinking is seen, not only as an intellectual method, but also as an existential engagement of the world.

scholarly journals Are you a selective-realist dialetheist without knowing it?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Del Rosario Martinez-Ordaz
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Weak Version ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Scientific Success ◽  
General Characterization ◽  
Success Of Science ◽  
Selective Realism

Recently there has been a tendency on the part of some scientific realists to weaken their philosophical theses with respect to the success of science. Some of them have suggested that a satisfactorily realist standpoint should be a highly modest approach to scientific success , leaving many with the impression that scientific realism nowadays is nothing that we once thought it was. In light of that, the main concern of this paper is methodological, here I want to answer the question how far can we push the boundaries of our realist commitments and still be in control of our philosophical claims. In particular, I deal with the issue of how a certain type of weak version of selective realism will necessarily allow for true contradictions, dialetheias –even if that is not desirable. Here I argue that if one presents a very weak characterization of selective realism, one that is in line with contemporary projects, this type of realism will not forbid the possibility of things such as dialetheias. I also claim that, if that is the case, we face the following dilemma: or our general characterization of selective realism is mistaken or selective realists cannot provide a satisfactory explanation of why and how to forbid dialetheias in science

scholarly journals FROM SCIENTIFIC STRUCTURALISM TO TRANSCENDENTAL STRUCTURALISM

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (135) ◽  
pp. 759-780
Author(s):  
Patricia Kauark-Leite ◽  
◽  
Ronaldo Penna Neves ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Structural Realism ◽  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Realist Position ◽  
Epistemic Structural Realism

ABSTRACT In the current debate between scientific realism and empiricism, both sides seem to embrace some sort of structuralism as an important component of their descriptions of science. The structural realism is generally presented in two versions: one ontic and the other epistemic. It has been argued that that epistemic structural realism (ESR) is close, if not identical, to a Kantian approach. We aim to show that this is not the case, since ESR, being fundamentally a realist position, cannot be fully consistent with a transcendental approach. Such a position is better called transcendental structuralism (TS), an alternative that we believe is worth being investigated on its own. In this paper, we will take Henry Allison's interpretation of transcendental idealism as a starting point to establish the distinctions between ESR and TS.

Synthesis and property analysis of green resin-based composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1429-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vinayagamoorthy ◽  
G Venkatakoteswararao
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Composites ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Property Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites

The research on polymeric composites is always in the stage of enhancing the properties. Several researches have been explored in recent decades to investigate the behaviour of both man-made fibre and bio-fibre-reinforced composites. In all these works, an artificial polymeric resin has been utilized as the matrix and it has been revealed that though they provide competent properties, the composites are partially degradable. To enhance the degradability to the fullest extent, both the reinforcements and the matrix must be biodegradable and this could be achieved only if both are derived from natural sources. During the synthesis of a bio-resin, a series of treatments must be followed to make it in to a usable form. The present work addresses a comprehensive survey about various bio-resins, their applications, various synthesis methods followed and the challenges faced during incorporation of reinforcement during composite formulation. The work also gives a clear picture on the challenges faced during characterization of green resin-based composites.

scholarly journals A Fond Farewell to "Approximate Truth"?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kyle Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
Scientific Realist ◽  
Approximate Truth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Realism Debate

Most commonly, the scientific realism debate is seen as dividing those who do and do not think that the striking empirical and practical successes of at least our best scientific theories indicate with high probability that those theories are ‘approximately true’. But I want to suggest that this characterization of the debate has far outlived its usefulness. Not only does it obscure the central differences between two profoundly different types of contemporary scientific realist, but even more importantly it serves to disguise the most substantial points of actual disagreement between these two kinds of realists and those who instead think the historical record of scientific inquiry itself reveals that such realism is untenable in either form.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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