scholarly journals Nostalgia after the communist regime in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Dan Teșculă
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
Phd Thesis

The present paper focuses on the nostalgia after the communist regime in Romania. This small study is a general overview of the progress I have made during the period between march and august on my PhD thesis regarding the nostalgia after the communist regime in Romania. The research methodology used is somewhat new in the field of conteporary history research. The quasi-experimental study was used in order to see if there are significant differences in the way the well-defined social categories perceive the feeling of nostalgia after communism. The period we spanned in this study is the so-called Ceaușescu epoch for wich we have had the most material to work with. From a historiographycal stand-point, the subject is very new, up until now the studies that have appeared during the past years, take the form of articles published in scientific reviews. More studies will eventually show up in the years to come. During this study we have identified small differences between the groups, that posess almost no relevance to our hypothesis. Theoretically educated people know how to present their memories which later have served as an explanation as to why they are not nostalgic. Surprisingly the working class has almost the same perception as the educated people (the intellectuals).

scholarly journals Efektivitas Minuman Kacang Hijau terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin Remaja Putri di Panti Asuhan di Kota Pekanbaru

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Fachriani Putri ◽  
Riza Iriani Nasution
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Paired T Test ◽  
Average Hemoglobin

The complete mung bean’s phytochemicals composition help the hematopoiesis process increasing hemoglobin levels.Hemoglobin level is important as anemia sign. Anemia in adolescent girls might affect reproductive health. The aim ofthis study was to determine the effectiveness of mung beans compote to increase hemoglobin levels for adolescentgirls at the Pekanbaru City Orphanage. This study was quasi-experimental study with one group pre test-post testdesign method. This study included 28 adolescent girls who had experienced menses and were not under any othermedications. We used purposive sampling method to chose the subject. Hemoglobin levels were assessed pre andpost oral administration of a cup mung bean compote 2 times a day for a week, each volume of 250 ml. The results wereanalyzed by paired t-test. We found that the average hemoglobin levels of adolescent girls are 13.13 g% and 13.14 g%respectively for pre and post treatment. Statistically, there was unsignificant effect of mung beans compote in increasinghemoglobin level (p = 0.97.

scholarly journals A discipline for the avoidance of unnecessary assumptions

1971 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Case ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
William Of Ockham ◽  
Know How ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Do So

Although unnecessary assumptions are something we all try to avoid, advice on how to do so is much harder to come by than admonition. The most widely quoted dictum on the subject, often referred to by writers on philosophy as “Ockham's razor” and attributed generally to William of Ockham, states “Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem”. (Entities are not to be multiplied without necessity.) As pointed out in reference [I], however, the authenticity of this attribution is questionable.The same reference mentions Newton's essentially similar statement in his Principia Mathematica of 1726. Hume [3] is credited by Tribus [2c] with pointing out in 1740 that the problem of statistical inference is to find an assignment of probabilities that “uses the available information and leaves the mind unbiased with respect to what is not known.” The difficulty is that often our data are incomplete and we do not know how to create an intelligible interpretation without filling in some gaps. Assumptions, like sin, are much more easily condemned than avoided.In the author's opinion, important results have been achieved in recent years toward solving the problem of how best to utilize data that might heretofore have been regarded as inadequate. The approach taken and the relevance of this work to certain actuarial problems will now be discussed.Bias and PrejudiceOne type of unnecessary assumption lies in the supposition that a given estimator is unbiased when in fact it has a bias. We need not discuss this aspect of our subject at length here since what we might consider the scalar case of the general problem is well covered in textbooks and papers on sampling theory. Suffice it to say that an estimator is said to be biased if its expected value differs by an incalculable degree from the quantity being estimated. Such differences can arise either through faulty procedures of data collection or through use of biased mathematical formulas. It should be realized that biased formulas and procedures are not necessarily improper when their variance, when added to the bias, is sufficiently small as to yield a mean square error lower than the variance of an alternative, unbiased estimator.

The Croonian Lecture, 1965 - The organization of a memory system

1965 ◽  
Vol 163 (992) ◽  
pp. 285-320 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Single Nerve ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
Material Organization

The study of memory is unfortunately a difficult and confused subject. Its importance is beyond question, if only because memory lies near the centre of human abilities. Yet there is little agreement even as to the practical results, if any, that may be expected from its study. Education and psychology proceed empirically for want of a general theory of memory, but it is not clear whether such a theory may be expected to come from psychology as studied in man, from experimental study of animals, or from some discoveries of logic, mathematics or engineering. Yet the subject has certainly not been neglected. Immense efforts have been made by psychologists, clinicians, physiologists and workers in other disciplines. In recent years occurrences of various sorts have been reported in the nervous system during learning, from electrical changes, to changes in the base composition of the ribosenucleotides of single nerve cells. In fact there is such a large literature that one cannot avoid feeling that anything that an anatomist may say on the subject will be irrelevant, superficial, naive or worst of all, confusing. I am encouraged to take the risk by the fact that study of the connexion pattern of the nervous system of the octopus has given me a feeling of beginning to understand a little about the subject of memory. To study the material organization behind any subject or problem is surely the basis of a scientific approach. I shall go so far as to suggest evidence for the existence of a unit of memory or mnemon. The suggestion is made with great hesitation and in full awareness of its dangers. The technique of pushing the analysis of the system as far as possible on the basis of the connexion pattern seems to have brought increasing clarification. Recognition of the units is the next further step. Many of those who have so ably assisted in this work will probably not approve of the identification of a unit, still less of inventing a name for it. Many will regard it as a guess, especially since it is not supported by evidence from microelectrodes. Yet perhaps we need to try to identify units, not only as a basis for discussion but in order to find out where to look in our search for the electrical, chemical and other correlates of memory.

Credibility and Trust in Journalism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya Schiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Media Trust ◽  
Widespread View ◽  
Do So

Questions of media trust and credibility are widely discussed; numerous studies over the past 30 years show a decline in trust in media as well as institutions and experts. The subject has been discussed—and researched—since the period between World Wars I and II and is often returned to as new forms of technology and news consumption are developed. However, trust levels, and what people trust, differ in different countries. Part of the reason that trust in the media has received such extensive attention is the widespread view shared by communications scholars and media development practitioners that a well-functioning media is essential to democracy. But the solutions discussion is further complicated because the academic research on media trust—before and since the advent of online media—is fragmented, contradictory, and inconclusive. Further, it is not clear to what extent digital technology –and the loss of traditional signals of credibility—has confused audiences and damaged trust in media and to what extent trust in media is related to worries about globalization, job losses, and economic inequality. Nor is it clear whether trust in one journalist or outlet can be generalized. This makes it difficult to know how to rebuild trust in the media, and although there are many efforts to do so, it is not clear which will work—or whether any will.

scholarly journals Manchester and Salford Politics and the Early Development of the Independent Labour Party

1981 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Hill
Keyword(s):  
Labour Party ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
Local Strategy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One

The grass-roots activities of the Independent Labour Party have been the subject of increased scrutiny from historians over the past few years, especially in the pages of this journal. Consequently we can now be a little surer about the contribution of the party to the development of an independent labour movement in Britain at the end of the nineteenth century, though with every fresh case-study a different local strategy seems to come to light. The one outstanding profile in this field is the closely observed account of the ILP in Bradford by J. Reynolds and K. Laybourn, who identify several key features in the party's growth in that city, notably the reformist nature of ILP socialism and the close associations with local trade unionism. “From the outset”, they tell us, “Bradford trade unionism and the Bradford ILP were seen as two aspects of a single homogeneous labour movement aimed at the emancipation of the working class from poverty and exploitation.”

Explaining Political and Economic Change in Post-Communist Eastern Europe

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEVERLY CRAWFORD ◽  
AREND LIJPHART
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Regional Research ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
International Pressures

This article presents a framework for the analysis of regime change in post-Communist Eastern Europe. It examines two competing approaches, the “legacies of the past” and the “imperatives of liberalization,” as alternative causal factors shaping the trajectories of regime change. The article argues that the debate between these two approaches has important implications for comparative research methodology and design; to the extent that past legacies dominate the path of post-Communist regime change, comparisons with other regions emerging from an authoritarian past will yield less insight. The authors claim, however, that the immediate context of norms, institutions, and international pressures shapes the particular way that legacies influence outcomes. Thus they conclude that cross-regional research is likely to be fruitful and should be pursued.

Cestraciont Fishes of the Chalk

The Geologist ◽  
1863 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Good Work ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fossil Remains ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
Port Jackson ◽  
Important Evidence

The yery fine specimen of palatal tooth of Ptychodus polygyrus, which we figure in Plate IX., from the collection of N. T. Wetherell, Esq., of Highgate, temporarily draws our attention to a class of remains of very considerable interest.We have not the leisure at the present time for going as deeply into the subject as it well deserves, nor as the mass of valuable materials accumulated since the publications of Agassiz in 1843, and Dixon in 1850, require.There are also other important points than the mere bearings of more detailed information of the characters of species very possibly to be gained by a study of the singular and marked group of cestraciont fishes. First known, in abundance of individuals, in the Carboniferous age—though not at any time numerous in genera,—and presenting various forms, numerically abundant, in the Jurassic and other intermediate formations up to the Chalk, characterized by its many varieties of Ptychodus, but now dwindled down to a solitary representative in the Port Jackson shark, it is one of those very circumscribed groups in which we ought to find more especially and distinctly marked traces of the transmutation of one species into another, if such transmutation did exist in the past ages of our planet. That the group does present important evidence on this point is certain, but whether sufficient or not to come to a practical and definite conclusion, may be as yet doubtful; although, if collectors will turn to the fossil remains of these fishes in earnest, we may rest assured of good work in this direction being done. By a glance at the British Museum specimens, and a careful looking over of the descriptions and figures in the ‘Poissons Fossiles’ and the ‘Geology of Sussex,’ any intelligent observer would at once see what new additions would be useful for supplying the missing links in the historic and stratigraphical series. We add here a list of the species of Ptychodus exhibited in our National Collection.

scholarly journals Role of Individual Academics and International Universities in Health Research in Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-81
Author(s):  
P Simkhada ◽  
E Van Teijlingen
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
Changes Over Time

Nepal has made progress in health sciences and medical education over the past decade. We believe that there is a need in Nepal for a greater research emphasis on mixed-methods approaches, qualitative research, critical appraisal & systematic reviewing and health economics. Specifically to the discipline of epidemiology, Nepal should consider establishing more and better epidemiological studies, the kind of population-based studies that can identify risk factors, track changes over time at a population level over the decades to come.  We know how important such long-term research is but we are also painfully aware how expensive this kind on long-term research can be.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v2i2.6572 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2012;2(2):179-81 

Traumatic Insight on Film Memory: Forced Assimilation in the Focus of Post-totalitarian Bulgarian Documentaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Andronika Màrtonova
Keyword(s):  
Social Engineering ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Confessional Unity ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
In The Beginning

Documentaries cover the subject of the extremely tragic processes of forced assimilation of Muslim population in Bulgaria in different ways. During the Communist regime, they feature the negative political visions. Social engineering in the totalitarian state aimed at confessional unity of the nation and this process was especially intense during the 1980s. Documentaries were a part of the government manipulative tools that targeted revival of the communist nationalism and an apprehensive play on the strings of patriotism. Cultural propaganda covered up repression, assaults, forced change of names, forced deportation, internment in prison camps, harassment of intellectuals from the Muslim community, and human rights violation. After 1989, Bulgarian filmmaking started interpreting this traumatic past in a different way, making a reassessment of history. Documentaries also took an active part in the debate on totalitarianism, using the screen to throw light on the political crimes. Beyond any dispute, one of the most painful subjects is the violence against Muslim communities that escalates to genocide. The subject of assimilation was more intensely covered during the 1990s and in the beginning of the Millennium. During the last decade, it gradually faded away and young authors today even neglect it. Although many good films have been made, we still get the feeling of insufficiency and understatement. The cinematic interpretations reactivate and question the traumatic memory, and further diagnose society. Quality documentary filmmaking always provides a multifaceted image of the past, preserves memories, and manages to aestheticize history in opposition to the trivial media images of the trauma. This paper analyses the genre and typological patterns specific for post-totalitarian Bulgarian documentaries. The focus of the study falls on leading authors, such as Maria Trayanova, Tatiana Vaksberg, Ivan Rossenov, Adela Peeva, Iglika Trifonova, Antony Donchev, Stanislava Kalcheva, Irina Nedeva and Andrey Getov, Dimitar Kotzev-Shosho. Two imagery trends are mainly identified: 1) documentary investigation with reconstruction of historical chronology and handling extremely valuable archives; 2) domination of the apprehensive portraiture genre, where personal records of events shape the picture of events in the past and track the consequences in the present. So far, Bulgarian film studies lack any full comparative study of the screen interpretation of assimilation processes before and after 1989.

Workshop on Environmental Aspects of Tourism (English version)

1983 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Know How ◽  
Operational Level ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
Nations Environment ◽  
Environment Programme

The first workshop arranged by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was held in Madrid 1983 on the subject of “Environmental Aspects of Tourism”. The workshop was intended to serve aims that we had specifically identified as desirable for ensuring the best possible cooperation between the two organisations. One objective was to bring together experts in the fields of tourism and environment so as to come to terms at the operational level with specific problems of the tourism-environment interface. Another vital objective was to accelerate the rate of transfer of know-how and skills in the field of tourism and environment to the developing countries which constitute the majority of member States of our two Organizations.

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