scholarly journals Features of pre-scenography functioning in the ceremonial, ritual festive events of the Mordovians

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Antipkina ◽  
Olga N. Prokaeva
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Character Type ◽  
The People ◽  
Sociocultural Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Interpretation Method ◽  
Game Type

Introduction. Ritual, ceremonial and festive events of the Mordovians represent a sphere of concentration and representation of spiritual-moral and value-oriented views of the people. They contain the origins of theatre and scenography as types of art. However, they cannot be considered as independent types of art in its modern meaning, as they used to exist in forms of theatricalization (pretheater) and pre-scenography. The subject of the article is the specifics of the functioning of pre-scenography in ceremonial, ritual and festive events of the Mordovians, as well as the disclosure of its main types: character type, determination of the place of action and game type. Materials and Methods. The theoretical materials are based on the research in the field of theatre and scenography. The reliability and academic validity of the research are ensured by the sociocultural approach, as well as by research methods, namely system-typological method, analytical method and interpretation method. Results and Discussion. Having studied the functioning of pre-scenography in ritual, three types of ceremonial and festive events of the Mordovians are revealed. The character type included a variety of components: metaphorical image, nature phenomena and objects, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images, as well as objects of material culture. The next type determined the place of action which included everyday human environment, as well as production and household spaces. The game type implied conversion of performers of rituals and ceremonies into zoomorphic images, into various human (sometimes imaginary) characters through costumes, makeup and masks. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the ritual, ceremonial and festive events of the Mordovians, a typology of pre-scenography is given, the special features of its functioning are determined.

scholarly journals ARAH BARU KAJIAN TAFSIR: KAJIAN METODOLOGI PENELITIAN AKSIN WIJAYA DALAM KARYANYA SEJARAH KENABIAN PERSPEKTIF TAFSIR NUZULI MUHAMMAD IZZAT DARWAZAH

QOF ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Cholid Ma'arif
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Four Books ◽  
Interpretation Method ◽  
The Ideal

Abstrak This paper will explore aspects of research methodology of exegesis written by Aksin Wijaya related to methods nuzuli ala Muhammad Izzat Darwazah. For that, the focus of this discussion is the methodology of his research in his own book of under title Sejarah Kenabian Dalam Perspektif Tafsir Nuzuli Muhammad Izzat Darwazah, finding out how people review mufassir. Specifically, the methodical determination of the previous his experienced has moved soon of orientation from the critical to the descriptive while facing of four books, namely: Tafsir al Hadith, 'Ashr al Nabiy wa Biatuhu Qabla al Bi'tsah, Sirah al Rasul; Suwar Muqtabasah min al Qur'an, and ad Dustur al Qur'an fi Su'uni al Hayat works of thinkers and historians. From his reading, he at least analyzes his views into two important parts, namely; 1) the interpretation method of nuzuli and the ideal concept it contains, 2) it then draws it into the realm of pre-Islamic, personal and family life of the prophet Muhammad, to the condition of the people of prophetic era through the perspective of nuzuli Izzat Darwazah exegesis. According to the reviewer, there are other research elements in writing the work of the exegesis, namely some models of research methods of interpretation at once, such as: comparative research, character research, and thematic-nuzuli research. Whereas although placed more as an overview of nuzuli interpretation, at least he invites readers, especially in Indonesia to re-read the tafsir nuzuli treasury and see which is as worthy to be developed in the turats of Islam Nusantara. Abstrak Tulisan ini hendak menelusuri aspek metodologi penelitian tafsir yang dilakukan oleh Dr. Aksin Wijaya terkait metode nuzuli ala Muhammad Izzat Darwazah. Untuk itu, fokus dari pembahasan ini adalah tentang metodologi penelitiannya dalam buku berjudul Sejarah Kenabian Dalam Perspektif Tafsir Nuzuli Muhammad Izzat Darwazah untuk mengetahui bagaimana orang mengkaji mufassir. Dimana secara khusus mulai penentuan metodis dari sebelumnya ia mengalami pergeseran orientasi dari kritis ke deskriptif dalam menghadapi empat kitab hasil perburuannya, yaitu: Tafsir al Hadits, ‘Ashr al Nabiy wa Biatuhu Qabla al Bi’tsah, Sirah al Rasul; Suwar Muqtabasah min al Qur’an, dan ad Dustur al Qur’an fi Su’uni al Hayat karya tokoh pemikir dan sejarawan. Dari pembacaannya tersebut, ia setidaknya menganalisa pandangannya menjadi dua bagian penting, yaitu; 1) metode tafsir nuzuli dan konsep ideal yang dikandungnya, 2) kemudian ia menariknya ke ranah kehidupan masyarakat pra-islam, pribadi dan keluarga nabi Muhammad saw, hingga kondisi masyarakat era kenabian melalui perspektif tafsir nuzuli Izzat Darwazah. Pun demikian, menurut penulis ada unsur penelitian lain dalam penulisan karya Aksin tersebut, yaitu beberapa model metode penelitian tafsir sekaligus, seperti: penelitian perbandingan, penelitian tokoh, dan penelitian tematik-nuzuli. Dimana walaupun diletakkan lebih sebagai gambaran umum tafsir nuzuli, setidaknya ia mengajak pembaca khususnya di Indonesia untuk meneelaah kembali khazanah tafsir nuzuli dan memandang mana yang sekira layak untuk dikembangkan dalam turats Islam ke-Indonesia-an.

scholarly journals Architecture of the Stalin Empire in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Nataliya Efremovna Kozyrenko
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Large City ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Art Deco ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Great Leap ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this research is the formation of large city planning ensembles in socialist cities during Great Leap Forward of the People’s Republic of China. The object of this research is architecture in the style of Stalin Empire 1950s – 1960s. The author examines the influence of Soviet architecture upon the emergence of Chinese styles, such as “Style 1959” and Communist Art Deco). Special attention is dedicated to stylistic peculiarities of the new architectural objects and Chinese interpretation of the Stalin Empire. In this context, both Chinese and Soviet architects contributed to determination of the architectural trend “Su-style”. The main conclusion lies in the statement that architecture of the Stalin Empire with the elements of classicism became the national style in socialist China. Chinese architects synthesized the new normative aesthetics and discovered new stylistic and imagery resources in architecture. The transition towards holistic Chinese “socialist culture” has not been completed and currently continues.  The author’s special contribution is the research of socialist architecture of Harbin as a continuity of Russian traditions of the early XX century. The novelty of this work is defined by the first ever analysis of stylistic peculiarities of Harbin’s architecture that were built by the projects of Soviet architects.

‘Tempering the Wind …’: Moderation and Discretion in Late Twelfth-Century Papal Decretals

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 180-190
Author(s):  
Anne J. Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Canon Law ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Law School ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medieval Canon Law

Medieval canon law has generally had a bad press. Its professionalization in the period c. 1140 to 1234 can easily be caricatured as the emergence of a rigid, centralized, and authoritarian system which paid small heed to the needs of the people it was supposed to serve. This conclusion is readily sustained by perusal of theLiber Extra, the GregorianDecretalesof 1234, which enshrined the legal developments of the period, from about 1140, which followed the establishment of Gratian’sDecretumas the principal authority for the teaching and practice of canon law. The genesis of theLiber Extrais well known. Pope Gregory IX commissioned Raymond of Peñafort to compile an authoritative collection of papal decretals and conciliar legislation to supplement Gratian’sDecretum, and it drew, principally but not exclusively, on the so-calledQuinqe compilationes antiquewhich had been compiled for teaching purposes in Bologna between c. 1189–91 and 1226.’ And when the work was completed, it was authorized by the bullRex pacificus, which ordered that ‘everyone should useonlythis compilation in judgements and in the schools (ut hactantumcompilatione universi utantur in iudiciis et in scholis); and a copy was duly dispatched to the canon law school in Bologna. The image of centralized, authoritarian lawmaking could not be clearer; and that perception is reinforced by an examination of its structure, where the individual extracts are organized systematically under Titles, which define the subject matter. Such a compilation, like theQuinque compilationesthemselves, was the result of an analytical method, which totally obscured the processes of consultation which had preceded many of the decisions, as well as depriving them, in many cases, of their historical context in terms of the identity of the pope, the recipient, the litigants, and the local circumstances. What emerged was a disembodied code, shorn of the nuances and hesitations which had characterized the decisions which it enshrined.

scholarly journals Strategy-As-Practice Research: Initial Considerations on the Field in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-60
Author(s):  
Julio Ernesto Colla
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Theoretical Base ◽  
The People ◽  
Strategy As Practice ◽  
The Subject

The objective of the present article was to verify the conceptual position and onto-epistemological of the Brazilian researchers in Strategy-as-Practice from the concepts proclaimed for the movement. The theoretical base presents the conceptual revision of the field that served of script for the analysis of the data. It treated, therefore of the elements of strategizig: praxis, practices and practitiones. After this deals with the agenda and agency in which the movement needs to insert itself. Following the theoretical base perspective onto-epistemológicas ontológicas are presented and that assist the agreement of the strategical phenomenon for the optics of that Strategy is what the people do. The data are the source documents. The determination of articles to be analyzed occurred for the manipulation of articles following a pre-established script. The results of the research make indication of a set sufficiently diversified of conceptual positions with sights to remedy the faced questionings that can be influenced by the context where the researcher is inserted. Also it was found that when passing of the years it had extrapolação of the subject for other seek areas, not having limitation of the subject only in the area of strategy as at the beginning of the presentation of papers in Brazil. The data of the research report that the characterization in a Brazilian onto-epistemological way of performance in the research in Strategy-as-Practice is not possible still.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC OF THE DEFINITIONS OF PROTECTED VALUE FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE MONUMENTS ON THE TYPE OF «DWELLING BUILDING»

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
A. Mihaylov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Subject

The concept of “protected value” introduced in Russian legislation is fundamental for preservation works and adaptation for modern usage of cultural heritage monuments. The relevance of the topic is explained with the fact that in order to preserve the cultural heritage monuments, it is necessary to understand all aspects of the protected value of the site because it includes its all specific characteristics. The purpose is to identify the characteristics of cultural heritage sites and to offer additional elements of protection that necessary for their preservation. The analytical method analyzes and systematizes the "protected value" of cultural heritage monuments. The paper discusses the issues associated with the determination of the subject of protection in accordance with the current legislation on the preservation of cultural heritage sites for the type of "dwelling buildings". Dwelling buildings are typical for urban (including suburban) centers. The author analyzes publications on this subject and proposes an integrated systematization of protected value, focusing on the least developed and most problematic aspects, also urban and intangible characteristics. Taking into account the specific characteristics of the dwelling building including location in the urban landscape, compositional component, visual directions and intangible characteristics of sites special preservation restrictions are proposed.

scholarly journals The issue of justification of application of the principle of self-determination of peoples by separatist formations in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klymenko Kyrylo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
International Community ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The People ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

The article provides an analysis of the possibility of separatist formations in Ukraine to refer to the principle of self-determination of peoples as a justification for their activities. The minimum necessary criteria of legal bases for self-determination are considered, among which: the existence of effective connection of the subject of self-determination with a certain territory; the existence of the subject itself, i.e., the people (ethnic group), which claims self-determination; and the recognition by the international community of such a potential entity as the bearer of the right to self-determination. Regarding the connection with the territory, the doctrine of international law and practice recognizes the right to cultural and national self-determination in a particular territory for any ethnic group. This right is limited to the common interests of all the people of the state, which consists in the unconditional preservation of the inviolability and integrity of its territory. As for the existence of the subject of self-determination, the people is recognized as the historical community of people formed in a certain area and have stable features of the language, culture, and mental composition (mentality), as well as aware of their unity and difference from others through conscious self-name. At the same time, diasporas and migrants must be subject to the laws of the country of residence under the right of citizenship or the right of permanent residence. As for the recognition of the subject of self-determination by the international community, it may recognize as the people those who are under colonial rule, occupation by a foreign state, or against whom a policy of racism is pursued. Thus, international law does not protect separatist movements aimed at secession if they do not meet these criteria. This means that separatist formations in Ukraine do not have the right to secession but are terrorist organizations in terms of their methods of activity. Keywords: people, international recognition, right to self-determination, secession, territory

Is there something missing in scientific provenance studies of prehistoric artefacts?

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (340) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mark Pollard ◽  
Peter J. Bray ◽  
Chris Gosden
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Provenance Studies ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Archaeological Objects

Determination of the provenance of material culture by means of chemical analysis has a long and distinguished history in archaeology. The chemical analysis of archaeological objects started in the intellectual ferment of late-eighteenth-century Europe (Caley 1948, 1949, 1967; Pollard 2013), almost as soon as systematic (gravimetric) means of chemical analysis had been devised (Pollard in prep.). Many of the leading scientists of the day, such as Vauquelin, Klaproth, Davy, Faraday and Berzelius, carried out analyses of archaeological objects as part of their interests in the contents of the ‘cabinets of curiosities’ of the day (Pollard&Heron 2008). The subject moved frommere curiosity to systematic and problemorientated study with the work of G¨obel (1842),Wocel (1854), Damour (1865) and Helm (1886), who essentially formulated the idea of ‘provenance studies’—that some chemical characteristic of the geological rawmaterial(s) provides a ‘fingerprint’ which can bemeasured in the finished object, and that if an object from a remote source is identified at a particular place, then it is evidence of some sort of direct or indirect contact and ‘trade’ between the two places.

ANALISIS KOMPARASI TINGKAT PENDAPATAN PETANI KARET GAPOKTAN BERKAH BASAMO DAN NON GAPOKTANDALAM MEMASRKAN BOKARDI KECAMATAN GUNUNG TOAR KABUPATEN KUANTAN SINGINGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desvo Saputra ◽  
Meli Sasmi
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Net Income ◽  
The People ◽  
Average Production

Penelitian ini bertujan untuk mengetahui besarnya penerimaan, pendapatan dan efisiensi petani karet Gapoktan Berkah Basamo dan Non Gapoktan di Kecamatan Gunung Toar Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi.Penentuan tempat penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) di Kecamatan Gunung Toar Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi, karena mata pencarian masyarakat di Kecamatan Gunung Toar Pada umumnya merupakan petani karet.Secara ekonomis lokasinya berdekatan dengan tempat tinggal penulis dan sarana transportasi lancar.Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode wawancara, observasi dan pencatatan. Rata-rata biaya produksi pada petani karet Gapoktan Berkah Basamo di Desa Lubuk Terentang sebesar Rp.84,671,- /proses produksi dan rata-rata biaya produksi pada petani karet Non Kelompok di Desa Lubuk Terentang sebesar Rp. 84,928,- /proses produksi.. Sedangkan penerimaan pada petani karet Gapoktan Berkah Basamo sebesar Rp. 833,793,-/proses produksi dan rata-rata penerimaan pada petani karet Non KelompoksebesarRp.619,545,-/proses produksi. Sehingga didapat rata-rata pendapatan bersih pada petani karet Gapoktan Berkah Basamo sebesar Rp.749,122,-/proses produksi dan rata-rata pendapatan bersih pada petani karet Non Kelompok sebesar Rp.534,617,-/proses produksi. Petani karet di Desa Lubuk Terentang efisien karena menurut kriteria RCR >1 dengan nilai efisien pada Gapoktan Berkah Basamo adalah 9.83 dan efisiensi pada Non Kelompok adalah 7.26, dan dilakukan uji beda pada biaya produksi, pendapatan dan efisiensi secara statistic tidak berbeda nyata. Kata kunci : Pendapatan; Pemasaran Bokar; Gapoktan dan Non Gapoktan ABSTRAK             This study aims to determine the amount of revenue, income and efficiency of Gapoktan Berkah Basamo and Non Gapoktan rubber farmers in Gunung Toar District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. Determination of the place of research carried out intentionally (purposive) in the District of Gunung Toar, Kuantan Singingi Regency, because the livelihoods of the people in Gunung Toar District are generally rubber farmers. Economically the location is close to the author's residence and means of transportation smoothly. The analytical method used is the method of interview, observation and recording. The average production cost for Gapoktan Berkah Basamo rubber farmers in Lubuk Terentang Village is Rp. 84,671 / production process and the average production cost for Non-group rubber farmers in Lubuk Terentang Village is Rp. 84,928.- / production process .. While the acceptance to Gapoktan Berkah Basamo rubber farmers is Rp. 833,793, - / production process and average acceptance of non-group rubber farmers as much as Rp. 619,545, - / production process. So that the average net income obtained by Gapoktan Berkah Basamo rubber farmers is Rp. 749,122 / production process and the average net income for non-group rubber farmers is Rp. 534,617, - / production process. Rubber farmers in Lubuk Terentang Village are efficient because according to RCR criteria> 1 the efficient value in the Basamo Gapoktan Berkah is 9.83 and the efficiency in Non-Groups is 7.26, and different tests on production costs, income and efficiency are not statistically significantly different. Keywords: Income; Bokar Marketing; Gapoktan and Non Gapoktan

scholarly journals REFLECTION OF ETHNOGRAPHIC LEXICON IN THE KARACHAY-BALKARIAN NART EPOS: MILITARY CLOTHING AND WEAPONS

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ф.Х.(. ГУЛИЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
The People ◽  
Functional Orientation ◽  
The Subject

Статья посвящена исследованию карачаево-балкарского нартского эпоса с применением метода лингвокультурологического анализа. Предметом изучения послужила встречающаяся в национальной версии Нартиады лексика, связанная с боевой экипировкой (одеждой и оружием). Особое внимание уделено средствам изображения и специфическим свойствам, которыми наделяются обозначенные предметы материальной культуры в фольклорных текстах. По функциональной направленности их условно можно разделить на средства защиты (доспехи, щиты и т.п.) и средства нападения (лук и стрелы, мечи, сабли, кинжалы, дубины и т.д.). Отмечается, что в карачаево-балкарских «Нартах» говорится не только о применении того или иного оружия, доспехов, но нередко подробно описывается и процесс его изготовления. Основным поставщиком вооружения является нартский кузнец Дебет. Тем не менее его помощниками выступают также мудрая Сатанай, ведающая хитрости придания оружию еще более смертоносных качеств путем применения различных ядов, и Сосурук, добывающий специфические средства и материалы для изготовления боевой амуниции. Одним из наиболее частых приемов при характеристике вооружения нартов является гиперболизация. В текстах также упоминается оружие извечных врагов нартского племени – эмегенов. Нередко оно наделяется чудесными свойствами (например, мечи-самосеки). Кроме того, в качестве оружия или средств усиления его свойств или улучшения боевых качеств воина могут выступать различные части тела самих великанов (спинной мозг, пищевод, нутряной жир и т.п.). В заключении делается вывод о том, что, несмотря на отражение исторических реалий самого народа-создателя эпоса «Нарты», при включении в ткань повествования предметы боевого снаряжения подвергаются влиянию законов художественной поэтики и обретают качества и свойства, не присущие им в действительности. The article is devoted to the study of the Karachay-Balkarian Nart epos using the method of linguoculturological analysis. The subject of study was the vocabulary found in the national version of Nartiada, related to military equipment (clothing and weapons). Particular attention is paid to the means of representation and specific properties, that are endowed with the designated objects of material culture in folklore texts. According to their functional orientation, they can be conditionally divided into means for protection (armor, shields, etc.) and means for attack (bow and arrows, swords, sabers, daggers, clubs, etc.). It is noted, that Karachay-Balkarian «Narts» speaks not only of the use of this or that weapon, armor, but often describes in detail the process of its manufacture. The main supplier of weapons is the Nart blacksmith Debet. Nevertheless, his assistants are also wise Satanay, who knows the tricks of making weapons even more lethal by using various poisons, and Sosuruk, who extracts specific means and materials for making combat ammunition. Exaggeration is one of the most common techniques, used to characterize the weapons of the Narts. The texts also mention the weapon of the eternal enemies of the Nart tribe – the Emegens. Often it is endowed with wonderful properties (for example, self-cutting swords). In addition, various parts of the body of the giants themselves (spinal cord, esophagus, internal fat, etc.) can act as weapons or means of enhancing their properties or improving the fighting qualities of a warrior. In the end it is concluded that, despite the reflection of the historical realities of the people-creator of the epos «Nart», when included in the fabric of the narrative, items of military equipment are influenced by the laws of artistic poetics and acquire qualities and properties, that are not inherent in them in reality.

scholarly journals To the question of place and time of the beginning of the process of development of culture of Sami people on the example of cultural succession of applied art

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Ilia Aleksandrovich Travin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
Field Culture ◽  
Scientific Task ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this research is the cultural succession of decorative elements of the ethnic ornament of Sami people. In light of the migration past, the question is raised on the possibility of simultaneous assimilation and introduction into their culture of ornaments and words by the Ancient Sami population. Special attention is given to the examples of explicit concurrence of the elements. The author sets a scientific task to find the evidence of residence of the Ancient Sami people in the territory of northwest of Kostroma Region in Russia from the perspective of cultural succession. The main research method consists in the synthesis of various sciences. Archaeological research alongside the data from historical records and toponymic studies allow comparing the data in the field culture and applied art. Leaning on the analysis of literature and images, the author structures the chain of logical reasoning . The acquired data give understanding of the visual expression of the regional cultural heritage and possible assimilation of the elements of decor by the people who abandoned the territory centuries ago. The result of this research consists in providing the evidence of cultural succession, determination of timeframe and geographical area with regards to assimilation of the elements applied art of other ethnoses by the Ancient Sami population. The novelty of this work lies in comparison of decorative patterns of different generations and ethnoses, and the fact of formation of the general basic culture of Sami people. The conclusion consists in detecting the presence of decorative elements of the Mari ornament in the Sami ornament based on the analysis of various sciences. This proves the succession of cultural heritage of this region throughout multiple generations.

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