Effect of Different Denture Base Cleansers on Surface Roughness of Heat Polymerised Acrylic Materials with Different Curing Process

Avoiding biofilm formation on dentures is associated with maintaining the surface properties of acrylic-based dentures. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of two different cleaning agents (Corega and Klorhex 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate) on surface roughness of the denture regarding efficacy of curing procedures. A total of sixty disc-shaped specimens were prepared with two different methods as long and short curing processes. The specimens were divided into subgroups according to the immersion solutions (distilled water, Corega tablet group and Klorhex 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate group) (n=10). The samples were kept in a solution for 8 hours per day during a month. The average Ra1 (before exposure to the cleanser agent) and Ra2 (after exposure to the cleanser agent) of each sample was measured. A two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis. The solutions significantly increased the Ra values in both acrylic groups (p<0.001). While the effect of the distilled water group was significantly lower than Corega and Klorhex in the long-term curing group (p<0.05), no significant difference was found in the short-term curing group (p>0.05). The long-term curing time is highly effective in decreasing the surface roughness of the acrylic base material.

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Color Stability and Surface Properties of PMMA/ZrO2 Nanocomposite Denture Base Material after Using Denture Cleanser

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2021/6668577 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mohammed M. Gad ◽

Reem Abualsaud ◽

Shaimaa M. Fouda ◽

Ahmed Rahoma ◽

Ahmad M. Al-Thobity ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Base Material ◽

Color Stability ◽

Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Denture Base ◽

Base Resin ◽

Denture Cleansers ◽

Denture Base Resin

Statement of Problem. Novel polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) containing zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2) was suggested as a denture base material but there is a lack of information regarding denture cleanser effects. Objectives. This study aimed to evaluate denture cleanser effects on color stability, surface roughness, and hardness of PMMA denture base resin reinforced with nano-ZrO2. Materials and Methods. A total of 420 specimens were fabricated of unreinforced and nano-ZrO2 reinforced acrylic resin at 2.5% and 5%, resulting in 3 main groups. These groups were further subdivided (n = 10) according to immersion solution (distilled water, Corega, sodium hypochlorite, and Renew) and immersion duration. Surface roughness, hardness, and color were measured at baseline (2 days-T0) in distilled water and then after 180 and 365 days of immersion (T1 & T2) in water or denture cleansing solutions. Data was collected and analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results. Surface roughness increased significantly after denture cleanser immersion of unmodified and nano-ZrO2-modified PMMA materials while hardness decreased ( P < 0.001 ). The denture cleansers significantly affected the color of both PMMA denture bases ( P < 0.001 ). The immersion time in denture cleansers significantly affected all tested properties ( P < 0.001 ). Within denture cleansers, NaOCl showed the highest adverse effects ( P < 0.05 ) while Renew showed the least adverse effects. Conclusion. Denture cleansers can significantly result in color change and alter the surface roughness and hardness of denture base resin even with ZrO2 nanoparticles addition. Therefore, they should be carefully used.

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In Vitro Assessment of Artificial Aging on the Antifungal Activity of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with ZrO2 Nanoparticles

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/5560443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Shorouq Khalid Hamid ◽

Lujain Ali Alghamdi ◽

Faris A. Alshahrani ◽

Soban Q. Khan ◽

Asif Matin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Artificial Aging ◽

Base Material ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Control Group ◽

Denture Base ◽

Antifungal Effect

The antifungal effect of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) incorporated into denture base material has been inadequately investigated; additionally, to the authors’ knowledge, no studies have assessed the influence of artificial aging on the antifungal activity of these particles. Methodology. Heat-polymerized acrylic resin disks were fabricated and divided into four groups (0%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5% ZrO2NPs by weight). Antifungal activity was assessed using the direct culture and disk diffusion methods. Surface roughness and contact angles were measured using a profilometer and a goniometer, respectively. The artificial aging procedure was performed by repeating all tests at 7, 14, and 30 days following 2 rounds of thermocycling. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test ( p < 0.05 ). Results. The addition of ZrO2NPs significantly decreased the adhesion of Candida albicans with and without artificial aging procedures ( p < 0.001 ), while the disk diffusion methods did not reveal inhibition zones. ZrO2NP-modified specimens displayed significantly higher surface roughness compared to specimens in the control group ( p < 0.05 ) and showed the same behaviors with artificial aging procedures. The contact angle was significantly decreased in all modified groups in comparison to the control group ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The addition of ZrO2NPs to polymethylmethacrylate denture base material reduced the adhesion of Candida albicans with a long-term antifungal effect. With the addition of ZrO2NPs, contact angles were decreased and surface roughness was increased; 1% was the most appropriate concentration. Clinical significance. The addition of ZrO2NPs to denture base material confers a long-term antifungal effect and could be used as a possible method for preventing and treating denture stomatitis.

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Effect of Commercially Available Denture Adhesives on Microhardness of a Flexible Denture Base Material

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.193 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 862-868

Author(s):

Eman Mostafa Ahmed Ibraheem ◽

Hoda Gaafar Hassan Hammad

Keyword(s):

Base Material ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Knoop Hardness ◽

T Test ◽

P Value ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Denture Base ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Denture Adhesives ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND: Various clinical cases of thermopress denture base materials necessitate the use of denture adhesives to achieve proper retention and stability of the removable prosthesis. Therefore; the microhardness of these flexible materials as surface property and its’ alterations due to the application of various denture adhesives are still crucial issues to be discussed. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the impact of two commercially available denture adhesives (DAs) on microhardness of a flexible denture base material. METHODS: A total of 30 duplicate disc specimens (DS) were fabricated from a thermoplastic injection moulded resin (TR). The obtained 30-disc specimens (DS) were stored in distilled water for seven days, and then their microhardness was measured using Knoop Hardness Test (KHN) under a 10 g load for 10 seconds. The denture adhesives were prepared, and 15 DS were immersed in Corega Super Cream, while the other 15 DS were soaked in Fitty Dent Cream. All DS were stored in distilled water at 37°C. After 30 days of immersion in DAs, microhardness of DS was again measured. T-test for paired observation was used to investigate any alterations in microhardness between the baseline and after 30 days of immersion in the DAs. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20®, Graph Pad Prism® and Microsoft Excel 2016 with a significant level set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Student`s t-test had revealed a significant difference between both groups after application of denture adhesive as a P value < 0.05. The obtained results showed that DA material type, flexible denture base material and their surface interaction provoke a statistically significant outcome on the mean microhardness. CONCLUSIONS: DAs were found to affect the microhardness of thermoplastic injection moulded resin (TR); which may jeopardise the durability and serviceability of complete denture and patients’ acceptance and comfortability.

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The Effect of Alcoholic Beverages on Surface Roughness of Acrylic Denture Base Material

SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) ◽

10.28932/sod.v5i1.2328 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 36-43

Author(s):

Gladis Aprilla Rizki ◽

Sri Wahyuningsih Rais ◽

Martha Mozartha

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Alcoholic Beverage ◽

Base Material ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Surface ◽

Denture Base ◽

Significant Difference

Alcoholic beverages can be consumed in any group age, and it may be consumed by an individual using denture. Fluid absorption by heat-cured acrylic resin as a material of a denture base was able to cause an increase in its surface roughness. Absorption of an organic solvent such as the ethanol in an alcoholic beverage(s) could even increase the effect. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of alcohol beverages on surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resin denture base. Samples (n=24) were prepared from heat-cured acrylic resin (25x25x5 mm). They were divided into 4 groups and the pre-test surface roughness was measured. Samples of each group were immersed for 10 minutes into the solution (distilled water as the control group, beer, wine, and whiskey as the test groups). After stored in artificial saliva for 23 hours, the samples were immersed into the solution, completing a period of 24 hours. This procedure was performed for 7 consecutive days and the post-test surface roughness was measured. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Walis test. There was a significant difference in surface roughness measurement before and after the immersion (p<0.05). Whiskey was most affecting the surface roughness of heat-cured acrylic resin denture base. Alcoholic beverages could increase the surface roughness of heat cure acrylic resin denture base. Keywords: Alcoholic beverages; Heat-cured acrylic denture base; Surface roughness

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Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Methacrylic Acid incorporated in Conventional Heat-activated Resins

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1425 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 129-133

Author(s):

Lokendra Gupta ◽

IN Aparna ◽

B Dhanasekar ◽

Sujatha Bhat ◽

Priyanka Agarwal

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Methacrylic Acid ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Microbial Adhesion ◽

Denture Base ◽

Denture Stomatitis ◽

Gram Staining ◽

A Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of heat-activated denture base resins modified with different concentrations of methacrylic acid (MAA). Materials and methods Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer of heat-activated resins was modified with different concentrations of MAA (0, 15, 20, and 25%) for the preparation of specimens to evaluate antifungal activity of heat-activated resins. Prepared specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 1 day and 1 week before the evaluation of microbial adhesion. Microbial adhesion of Candida albicans cells to acrylic samples was examined under light microscopy after Gram staining of all the acrylic samples. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Tukey's honest significant difference test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant Results Addition of MAA to the MMA monomer was found to significantly reduce the adhesion of C. albicans for all the groups. Reduction of C. albicans cell adherence was found significant for all three groups (I, II, and III) as compared to control, both at 1 day (p < 0.001) and 1 week (p < 0.001) after storage in distilled water Conclusion Addition of MAA to conventional denture base formulations reduced the adhesion of C. albicans. This method of incorporating antifungal property to denture base resins can effectively be used to reduce denture stomatitis in elderly and immunocompromised patients. How to cite this article Gupta L, Aparna IN, Dhanasekar B, Bhat S, Ginjupalli K, Agarwal P. Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Methacrylic Acid incorporated in Conventional Heat-activated Resins. World J Dent 2017;8(2):129-133.

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SURFACE ROUGHNESS IMPROVEMENT OF POLYAMIDE RESIN DENTURE AFTER SOAKING IN 50% CINNAMON (Cinnamon burmanii) SOLUTION

10.54052/jhds.v1n2.p165-174 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (Volume 1 No 2) ◽

pp. 165-174

Author(s):

Rheni Safira Isnaeni ◽

Zwista Yulia Dewi ◽

Muhammad Hamzah Rahmatullah

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Base Material ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Denture Base ◽

Cinnamon Extract ◽

Extract Solution ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal

Polyamide resin is widely used in dentistry as a denture base material. Cinnamon burmanii has been proven to have antibacterial and antifungal substances. Therefore, it is the potential to be used as a nature denture cleanser. This study aimed to examine the effect of soaking 50% cinnamon extract solution on the surface roughness of polyamide resin. This study used 16 polyamide resin samples soaked in 50% cinnamon extract solution and 16 samples soaked in distilled water as the control group. It examined the surface roughness before and after immersion for four days and seven days. Data were analyzed using paired T-test and independent T-test. The results showed a significant difference in the surface roughness of polyamide resin before and after immersion in cinnamon solution for four days and seven days. The surface roughness change is due to the polyphenol's reaction on the polyamide resin surface, which has destroyed the polymer chain of polyamide resin.

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Antifungal Activity of Denture Base Resin Containing Nanozirconia: In Vitro Assessment of Candida albicans Biofilm

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2021/5556413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Reem Abualsaud ◽

Doaa M. Aleraky ◽

Sultan Akhtar ◽

Soban Q. Khan ◽

Mohammed M. Gad

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Direct Method ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Denture Base ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Base Resin ◽

Optical Profilometer ◽

Agar Media ◽

Post Hoc

Objective. To evaluate the antimicrobial effects of different concentrations of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2) reinforcement of poly(methyl) methacrylate (PMMA) on surface roughness and C. albicans biofilm. Methods. 20 heat-polymerized acrylic resin discs were conventionally made and divided into 4 groups (n = 5) according to nano-ZrO2 concentration: control (0% filler) and 3 experimental groups (2.5% (Z2.5), 5.0% (Z5.0), and 7.5% (Z7.5)). An optical profilometer was used for surface roughness evaluation, followed by Candida adherence assay. Specimens were sterilized, then immersed in cultured yeast (C. albicans), and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. After that, discs were rinsed before extracting the clustered pellets of Candida. The attached C. albicans was counted using the direct method after spreading on agar media and incubating for 48 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test at α = 0.05. Results. Surface roughness was significantly increased with all modified groups compared with control ( P < 0.01 ), which showed the lowest roughness value (0.027 ± 0.004 μm). There was no significant difference in the roughness value among reinforced groups (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%) ( P > 0.05 ), with Z7.5 showing the highest roughness value (0.042 ± 0.004 μm). Candida count was reduced as the nano-ZrO2 increased but not significantly ( P = 0.15 ). Conclusions. The addition of different concentrations of nano-ZrO2 particles to PMMA increased the surface roughness compared with control; in contrast, insignificant reduction of C. albicans biofilm was detected.

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IMMERSION OF HEAT POLYMERIZED ACRYLIC RESIN DENTAL BASE IN ARAK BALI AGAINST SURFACE ROUGHNESS

Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) ◽

10.46862/interdental.v17i1.2140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 22-26

Author(s):

Kadek Ayu Wirayuni ◽

◽

I Made Hendri Dwi Saputra ◽

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Control Group ◽

Surface Strength ◽

Denture Base ◽

A Value ◽

Removable Denture ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Oral Tissue

Introduction: The denture base is the part of the removable denture that is supported by good adaptation to the underlying oral tissue. Most of the denture bases are made of acrylic or polymethyl methacrylate resin, better known as PMMA. However, the acrylic resin also has disadvantages such as easily broken and absorbs liquids both water and chemicals. The chemical absorption like alcohol, ethanol, and some drinks that contain acidic materials will chemically be induced with acrylic resin and settle in the pores of the acrylic resin. The chemical damage or defect creates roughness on the surface of the acrylic resin which can cause cracking or crazing and a decrease in surface strength and hardness. Materials and Methods: The method used in this research was a laboratory experimental design with a post-test-only control group using 12 samples consisting of 2 different types of samples by measuring the surface roughness of the acrylic resin after immersing the sample with a predetermined time. Results and Discussions: One-way ANOVA test results showed a significant difference in surface roughness after the samples immersion with a value of p = 0.006 (p <0.05). Conclusions: Based on this research, can be concluded that there is an increase in the surface roughness of the heated polymerized acrylic resin for 3 hours and 4 hours of immersion. The longer the heated polymerized acrylic resin is soaked in arak hence the level of surface roughness increases.

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Evaluation of the color stability and surface roughness of dual-cure, bulk-fill composites

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (Suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 266-273

Author(s):

Zehra Şivgan Güner ◽

Behiye Bolgül ◽

Tacettin İnandı

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Color Stability ◽

Pediatric Dentistry ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cherry Juice ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Composite Samples

Aim: In recent years, tooth-colored, dual-cure, bulk-fill composite resins, which have attracted attention for their ease of use, constitute one of the latest developments in pediatric dentistry applications. This study aimed to evaluate the color stability and surface roughness properties of three different dual-cure, bulk-fill materials and one light-cure, bulk-fill composite material used in pediatric dentistry. Methodology: In this study, three different dual-cure, bulk-fill composites (Fill-Up, HyperFIL, Cention-N) and one light-polymerized bulk-fill composite (Reveal HD) were used. A total of 70 samples were obtained for surface roughness testing. The surface roughness testing was performed with a Hysitron TI 950 Triboindenter device. A total of 105 samples were obtained for the evaluation of color stability. Cherry juice, iced tea, and distilled water were used as solutions. Initial and final color measurements were made using a spectrophotometer. The color differences between measurements were recorded according to the CIEDE 2000 system. Results: The least surface roughness among the composite groups was observed in the light polymerized Cention-N composite samples in the experimental group. In the Fill-Up and Cention-N composite groups in the experimental group, the surface roughness of the samples left to self-polymerization and the samples polymerized with light showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Among the composite groups, the highest amount of coloring was observed in the Fill-Up composite samples, which were left to self-polymerization and kept in cherry juice in the experimental group. The least coloration among the composite groups was observed in the Cention-N composite samples polymerized with light and kept in distilled water. Conclusion: Based on this information, a decrease in surface roughness and an increase in color stability can be expected due to self-polymerization and the light polymerization of dual-cured, bulk-fill composites. How to cite this article: Şivgan Güner Z, Bolgül B, İnandı T. Evaluation of the color stability and surface roughness of dual-cure, bulk-fill composites. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):266-273. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl.39 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Combined Androgen Blockade in Localized Prostate Cancer Treated With Definitive Radiation Therapy

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network ◽

10.6004/jnccn.2019.7335 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 1497-1504

Author(s):

Lucas K. Vitzthum ◽

Chris Straka ◽

Reith R. Sarkar ◽

Rana McKay ◽

J. Michael Randall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Radiation Therapy ◽

High Risk ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Hazard Ratio ◽

Short Term ◽

Combined Androgen Blockade ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Androgen Blockade

Background: The addition of androgen deprivation therapy to radiation therapy (RT) improves survival in patients with intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer (PCa), but it is not known whether combined androgen blockade (CAB) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-A) and a nonsteroidal antiandrogen improves survival over GnRH-A monotherapy. Methods: This study evaluated patients with intermediate- and high-risk PCa diagnosed in 2001 through 2015 who underwent RT with either GnRH-A alone or CAB using the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure. Associations between CAB and prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) and overall survival (OS) were determined using multivariable regression with Fine-Gray and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. For a positive control, the effect of long-term versus short-term GnRH-A therapy was tested. Results: The cohort included 8,423 men (GnRH-A, 4,529; CAB, 3,894) with a median follow-up of 5.9 years. There were 1,861 deaths, including 349 resulting from PCa. The unadjusted cumulative incidences of PCSM at 10 years were 5.9% and 6.9% for those receiving GnRH-A and CAB, respectively (P=.16). Compared with GnRH-A alone, CAB was not associated with a significant difference in covariate-adjusted PCSM (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85–1.30) or OS (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.93–1.12). For high-risk patients, long-term versus short-term GnRH-A therapy was associated with improved PCSM (SHR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57–0.95) and OS (SHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.73–0.93). Conclusions: In men receiving definitive RT for intermediate- or high-risk PCa, CAB was not associated with improved PCSM or OS compared with GnRH alone.

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