scholarly journals Response of durum wheat lines to the cause agent of leaf rust Puccinia triticina

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
V. Ivanova ◽  
T. Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Infection ◽  
New Races ◽  
Wheat Lines

Аbstract. The response of 1262 durum wheat lines to the cause agent of leaf rust Puccinia triticina was studied. The investigation was carried under infection field conditions during 2013-2015 at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute (DAI) – General Toshevo, Bulgaria. Over the years of investigation, a maximum high infection background was developed by the cause agent of the disease, including all pathogen pathotypes identified during this period. The race variability in the population of the pathogen during the period was determined at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of DAI according to a validated methodology for working with rusts. Seventy-one phenotypically different virulent pathotypes were established. Fifteen new races of P. triticina were also identified, which have not been present during the previous 15 years in Bulgaria. Seventeen lines and one cultivar with a certain degree of resistance to the pathogen were selected. The selected lines can be involved in the breeding programs for developing initial material with resistance to leaf rust P. triticina.

scholarly journals Patterns of Virulence Diversity in Puccinia triticina on Wheat in Egypt and the United States in 1998-2000

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. McVey ◽  
M. Nazim ◽  
K. J. Leonard ◽  
D. L. Long
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Neighboring Country ◽  
New Races ◽  
The One ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Virulence Diversity

Frequent epidemics of leaf rust in Egypt have been attributed to the appearance of new races virulent on commonly grown wheat cultivars. In 1998, 1999, and 2000, 726 isolates of Puccinia triticina collected in Egypt were tested on a set of 20 single Lr gene differential wheat lines, and 160 races were identified. Three races, MBDLQ, MCDLQ, and TCDMQ, were found in Egypt in all 3 years. Race MCDLQ occurred at >20% frequency each year. Virulences to wheat lines with Lr1, 3, 10, 14b, 15, 17, 23, and 26 occurred at >45% each year. Seven races found in Egypt also were found in either Israel, Sudan, Turkey, or Romania in 1998 or 1999, although the one race common to Sudan and Egypt was rare in Egypt (only 1 year, <1%). Four races found in Israel also were found in Egypt, and the similarity of virulence frequencies in Israel and Egypt indicate at least some exchange of inoculum. Romania and Turkey did not appear to be major sources of inoculum for leaf rust epidemics in Egypt. The level of genetic diversity in leaf rust collections in Egypt in 1998 to 2000 was similar to that of collections from the Southern and Central Plains of the United States in 1998 to 2000. The high diversity of races and the recurrence of common races in each year in Egypt as in the Southern and Central Plains of the United States is consistent with oversummer survival of P. triticina within Egypt or in a neighboring country. The buildup of races virulent on cultivars with the most commonly used Lr genes for resistance in Egypt also is consistent with year-round survival within Egypt or cyclical exchange of inoculum between Egypt and a neighboring country.

Reaction of wheat lines to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) in Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umit Arslan ◽  
Ozgur Akgun Karbulut ◽  
Koksal Yagdi
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The field reactions of 19 bread wheat lines and three durum wheat lines to Puccinia triticina showed that the bread wheat lines were susceptible to moderately susceptible while that of three durum wheat lines were resistant, and moderately resistant. The seedling reactions of bread and durum lines against three races, FHTT, PHTT, and PRTT showed that bread lines were susceptible to all the races while durum lines were resistant. All of the tested durum lines were found to be promising for wheat breeding studies carried out against leaf or brown rust of wheat. Key words: Triticum, Leaf (brown) rust, Puccinia triticina, Susceptibility, Resistance DOI = 10.3329/bjb.v36i2.1506 Bangladesh J. Bot. 36(2): 163-166, 2007 (December)

SCREENING OF WHEAT LR-GENES FOR RESISTANCE TO PUCCINIA TRITICINA IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
G. V. Volkova ◽  
O. A. Kudinova ◽  
O. F. Vaganova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lr Genes ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
The North ◽  
Wheat Rust

Currently, more than 70 wheat rust resistance genes are known, but few of them are effective. The purpose of this work is to screen lines of Lr gene carriers for resistance to leaf rust under conditions of the North Caucasus region. Investigations were carried out in 2016-2018 at the infectious site of VNIIBZR. Research material was 49 near isogenic lines of winter wheat cultivar Thatcher. Infectious material was the combined populations of P. triticina, obtained as a result of route surveys of industrial and breeding crops of winter wheat in the areas of the Krasnodar, Stavropol Territories and the Rostov Region, conducted in 2016-2018. According to the assessment, the genes are ranked as follows: - highly efficient genes (plants with no signs of damage): Lr9, Lr42, Lr43 + 24 and Lr50; effective (1R-5R) Lr genes: 19, 24, 29, 36, 37, 38, 45, 47; moderately effective (10MR-20MR) Lr genes: 17, 18, 21, 22a, 28, 32, 41, 52. The remaining Lr-lines were susceptible to P. triticina (25 MR - 90S) to varying degrees. Highly efficient and effective genes Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr29, Lr38, Lr42, Lr43 + 24, Lr47 and Lr50 showed resistance in the seedling phase and can be recommended for inclusion in breeding programs to protect wheat from leaf rust in different phases of plant ontogenesis in the North Caucasus region.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Leaf Rust Resistance in Six Durum Wheat Genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1322-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Loladze ◽  
Dhouha Kthiri ◽  
Curtis Pozniak ◽  
Karim Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Allelism Tests

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is one of the main fungal diseases limiting durum wheat production. This study aimed to characterize previously undescribed genes for leaf rust resistance in durum wheat. Six different resistant durum genotypes were crossed to two susceptible International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) lines and the resulting F1, F2, and F3 progenies were evaluated for leaf rust reactions in the field and under greenhouse conditions. In addition, allelism tests were conducted. The results of the study indicated that most genotypes carried single effective dominant or recessive seedling resistance genes; the only exception to this was genotype Gaza, which carried one adult plant and one seedling resistance gene. In addition, it was concluded that the resistance genes identified in the current study were neither allelic to LrCamayo or Lr61, nor were they related to Lr3 or Lr14a, the genes that already are either ineffective or are considered to be vulnerable for breeding purposes. A complicated allelic or linkage relationship between the identified genes is discussed. The results of the study will be useful for breeding for durable resistance by creating polygenic complexes.

scholarly journals Virulence and Molecular Polymorphism in International Collections of the Wheat Leaf Rust Fungus Puccinia triticina

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
J. Q. Liu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Rapd Variation ◽  
Wheat Lines

Collections of Puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, were obtained from Great Britain, Slovakia, Israel, Germany, Australia, Italy, Spain, Hungary, South Africa, Uruguay, New Zealand, Brazil, Pakistan, Nepal, and eastern and western Canada. All single-uredinial isolates derived from the collections were tested for virulence polymorphism on 22 Thatcher wheat lines that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. Based on virulence phenotype, selected isolates were also tested for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using 11 primers. The national collections were placed into 11 groups based on previously established epidemiological zones. Among the 131 single-uredinial isolates, 105 virulence phenotypes and 82 RAPD phenotypes were described. In a modified analysis of variance, 26% of the virulence variation was due to differences in isolates between groups, with the remainder attributable to differences within groups. Of the RAPD variation, 36% was due to differences in isolates between groups. Clustering based on the average virulence distance (simple distance coefficient) within and between groups resulted in eight groups that differed significantly. Collections from Australia-New Zealand, Spain, Italy, and Britain did not differ significantly for virulence. Clustering of RAPD marker differences (1 - Dice coefficient) distinguished nine groups that differed significantly. Collections from Spain and Italy did not differ significantly for RAPD variation, neither did collections from western Canada and South America. Groups of isolates distinguished by avirulent/virulent infection types to wheat lines with resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, and Lr3 also differed significantly for RAPD distance, showing a general relationship between virulence and RAPD phenotype. The results indicated that on a worldwide level collections of P. triticina differ for virulence and molecular backgrounds.

scholarly journals Effect of Leaf Rust on Grain Yield and Yield Traits of Durum Wheats with Race-Specific and Slow-Rusting Resistance to Leaf Rust

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Herrera-Foessel ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
J. Huerta-Espino ◽  
J. Crossa ◽  
J. Yuen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Slow Rusting ◽  
Wheat Lines

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) in many countries. We compared the effectiveness of different types of resistance in International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center-derived durum wheat germ plasm for protecting grain yield and yield traits. In all, 10 durum wheat lines with race-specific resistance, 18 with slow-rusting resistance, and 2 susceptible were included in two yield loss trials sown on different planting dates in Mexico with and without fungicide protection under high disease pressure. Eight genotypes with race-specific resistance were immune to leaf rust. Durum wheat lines with slow-rusting resistance displayed a range of severity responses indicating phenotypic diversity. Mean yield losses for susceptible, race-specific, and slow-rusting genotypes were 51, 5, and 26%, respectively, in the normal sowing date trial and 71, 11, and 44% when sown late. Yield losses were associated mainly with a reduction in biomass, harvest index, and kernels per square meter. Slow-rusting durum wheat lines with low disease levels and low yield losses, as well as genotypes with low yield losses despite moderate disease levels, were identified. Such genotypes can be used for breeding durum wheat genotypes with higher levels of resistance and negligible yield losses by using strategies that previously have been shown to be successful in bread wheat.

scholarly journals Four Consistent Loci Confer Adult Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust in the Durum Wheat Lines Heller#1 and Dunkler

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikang Li ◽  
Chan Yuan ◽  
Sybil A. Herrera-Foessel ◽  
Mandeep S. Randhawa ◽  
Julio Huerta-Espino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Wheat Lines

The durum wheat lines Heller#1 and Dunkler from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Global Wheat Program showed moderate and stable adult plant resistance to leaf rust under high disease pressure over field environments in northwestern Mexico. Leaf rust phenotyping was performed on two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from crosses of Heller#1 and Dunkler with the susceptible parent Atred#2, conducted under artificially induced Puccinia triticina epidemics in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. The Atred#2 × Heller#1 and Atred#2 × Dunkler populations were genotyped by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) platforms and diversity arrays technology markers, respectively. Four leaf rust resistance quantitative trait loci were detected simultaneously in the two RIL populations: Lr46, QLr.cim-2BC, QLr.cim-5BL, and QLr.cim-6BL based on phenotypic data across all four crop seasons. They explained 11.7 to 46.8%, 7.2 to 26.1%, 8.4 to 24.1%, and 12.4 to 28.5%, respectively, of the phenotypic variation for leaf rust resistance in Atred#2 × Heller#1 and 16.3 to 56.6%, 6.7 to 15.7%, 4.1 to 10.1%, and 5.1 to 20.2% of the variation in the Atred#2 × Dunkler population. Only the resistance allele of QLr.cim-2BC was from the susceptible parent Atred#2, and resistance alleles at other loci came from the resistant parents Heller#1 and Dunkler. The SNP markers closely linked to Lr46 and QLr.cim-2BC were converted to kompetitive allele specific PCR markers for use in marker-assisted selection to improve leaf rust resistance through crosses with Heller#1 and Dunkler sources.

scholarly journals Wheat Apoplast-Localized Lipid Transfer Protein TaLTP3 Enhances Defense Responses Against Puccinia triticina

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojie Zhao ◽  
Weishuai Bi ◽  
Shuqing Zhao ◽  
Jun Su ◽  
Mengyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Lipid Transfer Protein ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Transgenic Wheat ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Wheat Lines

Plant apoplast serves as the frontier battlefield of plant defense in response to different types of pathogens. Many pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are accumulated in apoplastic space during the onset of plant–pathogen interaction, where they act to suppress pathogen infection. In this study, we found the expression of Triticum aestivum lipid transfer protein 3 (TaLTP3) gene was unregulated during incompatible interaction mediated by leaf rust resistance genes Lr39/41 at the early infection stage. Stable transgenic wheat lines overexpressing TaLTP3 exhibited enhanced resistance to leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina. Transcriptome analysis revealed that overexpression of TaLTP3 specifically activated the transcription of pathogenesis-related protein 1a (TaPR1a) and multiple plant hormone pathways, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and auxin, in response to the infection of the model bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Further investigation indicated that TaLTP3 physically associated with wheat TaPR1a protein in the apoplast. Transgenic wheat lines overexpressing TaLTP3 and TaPR1a showed higher accumulations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during plant defense responses. All these findings suggested that TaLTP3 is involved in wheat resistance against leaf rust pathogen infection and forming a TaLTP3-TaPR1a complex in apoplast against this pathogen, which provides new insights into the functional roles of PR proteins.

scholarly journals Virulence in Puccinia triticina for Durum Wheat Cultivar Creso and Other Durum Wheat Cultivars Carrying Resistance Gene Lr14a in France

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 1068-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Goyeau ◽  
K. Ammar ◽  
J. Berder
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Durum wheat cv. Creso has been mentioned as having durable resistance to leaf rust (2–4). However, an average final disease level of 70S on the modified Cobb scale was scored on Creso across three locations in inoculated field trials in France during 2009. A mixture of two durum wheat leaf rust isolates commonly found in France was used for the inoculation, one was virulent on Lr23 and the other was avirulent on this gene, their identical avirulence/virulence formula for other genes was Lr1, 2a, 2b, 3, 3bg, 3ka, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27+31/Lr2c, 10, 14a, 14b, 20, 21, 33, and 44. On cv. Llareta Inia and breeding line Somateria, both of which carry the resistance gene Lr14a, the average final disease level was, respectively, 95S and 80S. Creso, Llareta Inia, and Somateria displayed average final disease levels of, respectively, 0, 10S, and 1 in field trials inoculated with race CBG/BP in 2009 at two locations in Mexico (Ciudad Obregon and El Batan). Race CBG/BP, virulent on Lr3, 10, 11, 14b, 20, 23, 27 + 31, and 33, is the most widely virulent race identified so far in Mexico where Lr14a remains effective for durum wheat. Virulence for Lr14a in durum wheat leaf rust populations was already mentioned to be present in France since 2000 (1). It has been suggested that the resistance of Creso, which has remained durable in Italy since 1975 (4), could be due to a gene close to but different from Lr14a. Alternatively, the fact that Creso's reaction was significantly lower than those of Llareta Inia or Somateria could indicate the presence of another gene, of minor effect, in addition to Lr14a. Whatever the genetic basis of the Creso resistance may be, it has been overcome by common French pathotypes and its usefulness in breeding, at a regional if not global level, has become questionable. References: (1) H. Goyeau et al. Phytopathology 96:264, 2006. (2) S. A. Herrera-Foessel et al. Plant Dis. 92:469, 2008. (3) M. Maccaferri et al. Theor. Appl. Genet. 117:1225, 2008. (4) D. Marone et al. Mol. Breed. 24:25, 2009.

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