Human breast milk, infant formula, and follow-up milks comparison by electronic tongue

AbstractHuman breast milk, infant formula, and follow-up milks were tested by a commercial electronic tongue (αAstree, Alpha MOS) with the aim to determine taste diversity, since it has been recently shown that infants exposed to different tastes early in life, develop different food preference at a later age. Human milk (36 samples) were obtained from 13 lactating women, while 12 samples of infant formula and 14 samples of follow-up milk were obtained from the Croatian market and opened prior to analysis. Human breast milk samples showed a much higher diversity than both infant formulae and follow-up milks. These results suggest that breast-fed infants are exposed to a broader sensory experience, while formula fed infants are exposed to less diverse taste. Future studies will probably answer how this influences later food choice, taste preferences, and consequently, risk of obesity and other chronic diseases.

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Levels of Trace Elements in Human Breast Milk in Jordan: a Comparison with Infant Formula Milk Powder

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-020-02547-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yahya R. Tahboub ◽

Adnan M. Massadeh ◽

Nihaya A. Al-sheyab ◽

Diab El shrafat ◽

Israa A. Nsserat

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Milk Powder ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Formula Milk ◽

Infant Formula Milk

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Excretion of Iohexol and Metrizoate in Human Breast Milk

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/028418518702800505 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 523-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

S. T. Nielsen ◽

I. Matheson ◽

J. N. Rasmussen ◽

K. Skinnemoen ◽

E. Andrew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Low Dose ◽

Decay Curve ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Slow Decay ◽

Contrast Medium Injection

Six lactating women undergoing contrast media examination had milk and blood taken to determine the rate and extent of excretion of iohexol (Omnipaque) (four mothers) and metrizoate (Isopaque) (two mothers). Blood samples were taken up to 45 minutes and milk samples up to 48 hours after the contrast medium injection. The excretion was low, reaching a maximum at 3 to 6 hours and showing a slow decay curve (t 1/2 = 15 to 108 hours). One mother, who was weaning her baby, showed a different excretion pattern. The amount excreted during 24 hours was about 0.5 per cent of the weight adjusted maternal dose for both iohexol and metrizoate. It is not likely, that such a low dose of poorly absorbed drug would cause any adverse effects in the infant, unless it is hypersensitive to the drug already. The authors consider breast feeding to be acceptable for mothers receiving iohexol or metrizoate.

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Nano-HPLC-HRMS Analysis to Evaluate Leptin Level in Milk Samples: A Pilot Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10176135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 6135

Author(s):

Federica Dal Bello ◽

Enrica Mecarelli ◽

Daniela Gastaldi ◽

Francesco Savino ◽

Claudio Medana

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Critical Role ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Limit Of Quantitation

Leptin is a 16 kDa lipophilic protein hormone secreted by adipocytes and its most significant function is to inform the brain with negative feedback that regulates food intake. Recently the protein found in human breast milk was related to breast feeding and onset of obesity, and the evidence of a low probability to develop pediatric obesity in children fed with breast milk was also confirmed. Since leptin could have a critical role, its quantitation both in human breast, bovine milk and in infant formula products is interesting. For this reason, we developed an analytical method based on immunoaffinity purification followed by an analysis with nano-High Pressure Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry analyzer (nano-HPLC-HRMS) to identify and quantify leptin in milk samples and performed a pilot study using samples of human breast milk, bovine milk and infant formulas. With an obtained lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 100 ng mL−1 we quantified leptin in human breast milk finding an average of 6.70 ng mL−1. Our results show that leptin was under LLOQ both in bovine milk and in infant formula products. In conclusion, the developed analytical method here described was suitable to quantify leptin in milk samples with a good sensitivity and selectivity, and without the use of radioactive reagents.

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Perfluorinated Compounds in Human Breast Milk from Several Asian Countries, and in Infant Formula and Dairy Milk from the United States

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es801875v ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 42 (22) ◽

pp. 8597-8602 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Lin Tao ◽

Jing Ma ◽

Tatsuya Kunisue ◽

E. Laurence Libelo ◽

Shinsuke Tanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Infant Formula ◽

The United States ◽

Perfluorinated Compounds ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Human Breast ◽

Dairy Milk

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Growth and survival of Enterobacter sakazakii in human breast milk with and without fortifiers as compared to powdered infant formula

International Journal of Food Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.084 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 122 (1-2) ◽

pp. 171-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R LENATI

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Powdered Infant Formula ◽

Enterobacter Sakazakii ◽

Human Breast ◽

Growth And Survival

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Acute Lung Injury After Instillation of Human Breast Milk or Infant Formula into Rabbits?? Lungs

Survey of Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00132586-199706000-00031 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol XLI (3) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

BRENDAN O??HARE ◽

JERROLD LERMAN ◽

JUNKO ENDO ◽

ERNEST CUTZ

Keyword(s):

Acute Lung Injury ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast

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Higher Absorption of Vitamin C from Food than from Supplements by Breastfeeding Mothers at Early Stages of Lactation

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000436 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 (3-4) ◽

pp. 81-87

Author(s):

Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska ◽

Maciej Zagierski ◽

Ewa Woś-Wasilewska ◽

Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Human Breast ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Lactation Stage

Abstract.The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of vitamin C supply in the diet of lactating women on vitamin C concentrations in human milk (n = 97) sampled at different stages of lactation. Vitamin C levels were measured by liquid chromatography. Dietary intake of vitamin C was determined based on 3-day food dairies kept by breastfeeding mothers. Maternal dietary intakes of vitamin C from natural sources on lactation day 90 (n = 18) were significantly higher than on lactation days 15 (n = 42) and 30 (n = 37). The number of women taking vitamin C supplements decreased in successive stages of lactation. The average daily intake of vitamin C was estimated at 119 mg, but nearly 20% of mothers consumed less than 50 mg of vitamin C per day. No significant correlations were observed between lactation stage and vitamin C levels in breast milk (r = 0.110, p = 0.064). The average vitamin C concentrations in human breast milk were determined at 50.9 mg / L, and were not higher than 80.6 mg / L regardless of lactation stage and maternal intake of vitamin C. Vitamin C excretion into breast milk is regulated to prevent exceeding saturation level. The vitamin C concentration in milk was positive correlated with maternal intake of vitamin C from food, in the case of non-supplemented diet (r = 0.402, p = 0.041). Our results suggest that vitamin C occurring in food is much better absorbed and passes into breast milk than vitamin C from supplements.

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Characteristics of Human Breast Milk Based on Infant’s Gender

Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine ◽

10.51152/jbarbiomed.v5i1.21 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 8-10

Author(s):

Moudah Alhindi ◽

Hadohum Musallam ◽

Esam Elhefian

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Complex Fluid ◽

Infant Sex ◽

Calcium And Magnesium

Human milk is a complex fluid, which contains a number of constituents such as fats, proteins and vitamins, in addition to other compounds. These nutrients are needed for infant protection against infections and diseases. This study was undertaken to evaluate some physicochemical properties and biochemical constituents content of human milk samples (based on the gender of the breast feeding infant). This includes acidity, density and viscosity, as well as lactose, protein, calcium and magnesium contents. Results showed that the highest value of viscosity as well as the highest percentages of protein and acidity were recorded for human breast milk for a boy (2.212 cP, 1.237% and 0.02% respectively) while close values for density and other biochemical contents were recorded for both types of samples. However, only the change in viscosity was found to be significant (p?0.05). Variations in some properties of human milk depending on the infant' sex could be of benefit for developing infant formula taking infant’s gender into consideration.

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Acute Lung Injury after Instillation of Human Breast Milk or Infant Formula into Rabbits' Lungs

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199606000-00015 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 84 (6) ◽

pp. 1386-1391 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Brendan O'Hare ◽

Jerrold Lerman ◽

Junko Endo ◽

Ernest Cutz

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Dynamic Compliance ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Control Group ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Oxygen Gradient ◽

Ph Level

Background Recent interest in shortening the fasting interval after ingestion of milk products demonstrated large volumes of breast milk in the stomach 2 h after breastfeeding. Although aspiration is a rare event, if it were to occur with human breast milk, it is important to understand the extent of the lung injury that might occur. Therefore, the response to instillation of acidified breast milk and infant formula in the lungs of adult rabbits was studied. Methods In 18 anesthetized adult rabbits, 1 of 3 fluids (in a volume of 0.8 ml.kg-1 and pH level of 1.8, acidified with hydrochloric acid); saline, breast milk, or infant formula (SMA, Wyeth, Windsor, Ontario), was instilled into the lungs via a tracheotomy. The lungs were ventilated for 4 h after instillation. Alveolar-to-arterial oxygen gradient and dynamic compliance were measured before and at hourly intervals after instillation. After 4 h, the rabbits were killed and the lungs were excised. Neutrophil infiltration was quantitated by a pathologist blinded to the instilled fluid. A histologic control group of four rabbits was ventilated under study conditions without any intratracheal fluid instillation. Results Alveolar-to-arterial oxygen gradient increased and dynamic compliance decreased significantly during the 4 h after instillation of both breast milk and infant formula compared with baseline measurements and with saline controls (P < 0.05). The neutrophil counts in the lungs from the saline, breast milk, and formula rabbits were significantly greater than those in the control group. Conclusions Instillation of acidified breast milk or infant formula (in a volume of 0.8 ml.kg-1 and pH level of 1.8) into rabbits' lungs induces acute lung injury of similar intensity that lasts at least 4 h.

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