OCCURRENCE OF THE 1RS/1BL WHEAT–RYE TRANSLOCATION IN HUNGARIAN WHEAT VARIETIES

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kőszegi ◽  
G. Linc ◽  
Lajos Juhász ◽  
L. Láng ◽  
M. Molnár-Láng
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Centric Fusion ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Acta Agronomica Hungarica, 48(3), pp. 227–236 (2000) OCCURRENCE OF THE 1RS/1BL WHEAT–RYE TRANSLOCATION IN HUNGARIAN WHEAT VARIETIES B. K Ő SZEGI, G. LINC, A. JUHÁSZ, L. LÁNG and M. MOLNÁR-LÁNG AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, MARTONVÁSÁR, HUNGARY Received: August 15, 2000; accepted: October 15, 2000 The translocation which involves the substitution of the short arm of the 1R rye chromosome for the short arm of the 1B wheat chromosome by means of centric fusion has exercised an enormous influence on the world’s wheat breeding. Since the first mention of this translocation in 1937 the incidence of the 1RS/1BL translocation has been reported in connection with several hundred wheat varieties. Varieties carrying the translocation possess a chromosome segment which includes the resistance genes Sr31 (stem rust, Puccinia graminis), Lr26 (leaf rust, P. recondita), Yr9 (yellow rust, P. striiformis), Pm8 (powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis) and Gb (aphid, Schizaphis graminum). The present paper investigates the occurrence of the 1RS/1BL translocation in wheat varieties bred in Hungary in recent years. It was found that 35 (53%) of the 66 Hungarian-bred wheat varieties registered in Hungary between 1978 and 1999 carried the 1RS/1BL translocation.

History of Acta Agronomica Hungarica

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
J. Sutka
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Editorial Committee ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Research Institute

Hungarian agricultural scientists who published new research results in the 1950s generally submitted their manuscripts to Acta Agronomica Hungarica, which also provided a forum for the development of international cooperation. When the journal was established it published original papers, reviews, lectures and short communications on agricultural sciences in English, Russian, German and French. It was edited in Budapest, first by András Somos and later by János Surányi. In 1965 the editorial office was transferred to the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, where Sándor Rajki converted it into an English language journal and also made substantial changes to its structure. From 1983 Acta Agronomica was edited in the University of Horticulture and Food Industry, Budapest, with István Tamássy and later Pál Kozma as chief editor. After 12 years, in May 1995, the Agricultural Sciences Section of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences again charged the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, with the editing of the journal, and since 2000 Zoltán Bedő has been the chief editor. The editorial board of Acta Agronomica Hungarica still regards the publication of the results achieved in basic and applied research on agricultural science as its primary task, with the emphasis on crop research. Preference is given to research on physiology, genetics, crop production, plant breeding, cell and molecular biology, nature and environment protection, and the preservation of gene reserves. The professional standard, recognition, market value and time to publication have improved considerably in recent years. This can be attributed partly to the setting up of an International Advisory Board in addition to the Hungarian Editorial Committee, and partly to the computerised editing and to the precise, conscientious work of the reviewers.

Genetic modification of cereals in the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sági ◽  
M. Rakszegi ◽  
T. Spitkó ◽  
K. Mészáros ◽  
B. Németh-Kisgyörgy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Research Institute

Research with transgenic plants in the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences is primarily related to applications that are essential for the genetic improvement of cereals. The two main directions are connected to wheat and maize breeding and are focused on improving agronomic and nutritional traits. This paper highlights experiments in these areas, which are conducted in national as well as international collaborations. The transparency of this work is ensured by the dissemination of information about approved confined field tests to the public via the internet.

scholarly journals It background of the medium-term storage of Martonvásár Cereal Genebank resources in phytotron cold rooms

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
C. Kuti ◽  
L. Láng ◽  
M. Megyeri ◽  
J. Bányai ◽  
Z. Bedő
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Genebanks are storage facilities designed to maintain the plant genetic resources of crop varieties (and their wild relatives) and to ensure that they are made available and distributed for use by plant breeders, researchers and farmers. The Martonvásár Cereal Genebank (MV-CGB) collection evolved from the working collections of local breeders and consists predominantly of local and regional materials. Established in 1992 by the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Bedő, 2009), MVCGB with its over 10,000 accessions of the major species (Triticum, Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Thinopyrum, Pseudoroegneria, Secale, Hordeum, Avena, Zea mays), became one of the approx. 80 cereal germplasm collections that exist globally. In Martonvásár breeding is underway on a number of cereal species, and large numbers of genotypes are tested each year in the field and under laboratory conditions. The increasing size of the research programmes assisted by a modern genebank background involve an enormous increase in the quantity of data that must be handled during research activities such as traditional breeding, pre-breeding and organic breeding. A computerized system is of primary importance to synchronize breeding and genebank activities, to monitor the quality and quantity of seed accessions in cold storage, to assist the registration of samples, and to facilitate characterization, regeneration and germplasm distribution.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Mapping of Adult Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust in CIMMYT Wheat Line Arableu#1

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 1455-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Yuan ◽  
Ravi P. Singh ◽  
Demei Liu ◽  
Mandeep S. Randhawa ◽  
Julio Huerta-Espino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Leaf (brown) rust (LR) and stripe (yellow) rust (YR), caused by Puccinia triticina and P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, respectively, significantly reduce wheat production worldwide. Disease-resistant wheat varieties offer farmers one of the most effective ways to manage these diseases. The common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Arableu#1, developed by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center and released as Deka in Ethiopia, shows susceptibility to both LR and YR at the seedling stage but a high level of adult plant resistance (APR) to the diseases in the field. We used 142 F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from Apav#1 × Arableu#1 to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for APR to LR and YR. A total of 4,298 genotyping-by-sequencing markers were used to construct a genetic linkage map. The study identified four LR resistance QTLs and six YR resistance QTLs in the population. Among these, QLr.cim-1BL.1/QYr.cim-1BL.1 was located in the same location as Lr46/Yr29, a known pleiotropic resistance gene. QLr.cim-1BL.2 and QYr.cim-1BL.2 were also located on wheat chromosome 1BL at 37 cM from Lr46/Yr29 and may represent a new segment for pleiotropic resistance to both rusts. QLr.cim-7BL is likely Lr68 given its association with the tightly linked molecular marker cs7BLNLRR. In addition, QLr.cim-3DS, QYr.cim-2AL, QYr.cim-4BL, QYr.cim-5AL, and QYr.cim-7DS are probably new resistance loci based on comparisons with published QTLs for resistance to LR and YR. Our results showed the diversity of minor resistance QTLs in Arableu#1 and their role in conferring near-immune levels of APR to both LR and YR, when combined with the pleiotropic APR gene Lr46/Yr29.

scholarly journals A historical assessment of sources and uses of wheat varietal innovations in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 113 (Number 3/4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charity R. Nhemachena ◽  
Johann Kirsten ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Aluminium Toxicity ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Abstract We undertook a historical review of wheat varietal improvements in South Africa from 1891 to 2013, thus extending the period of previous analyses. We identified popular wheat varieties, particularly those that form the basis for varietal improvements, and attempted to understand how policy changes in the wheat sector have affected wheat varietal improvements in the country over time. The empirical analysis is based on the critical review of information from policies, the varieties bred and their breeders, the years in which those varieties were bred, and pedigree information gathered from the journal Farming in South Africa, sourced mainly from the National Library of South Africa and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) database. A database of the sources and uses of wheat varietal innovations in South Africa was developed using information from the above sources. The data, analysed using trend and graphical analysis, indicate that, from the 1800s, wheat varietal improvements in the country focused on adaptability to the production area, yield potential and stability and agronomic characteristics (e.g. tolerance to diseases, pests and aluminium toxicity). An analysis of the sources of wheat varietal improvements during the different periods indicates that wheat breeding was driven initially by individual breeders and agricultural colleges. The current main sources of wheat varietal improvements in South Africa are Sensako, the Agricultural Research Council’s Small Grain Institute (ARC–SGI) and Pannar. The structural changes in the agricultural sector, particularly the establishment of the ARC–SGI and the deregulation of the wheat sector, have helped to harness the previously fragmented efforts in terms of wheat breeding. The most popular varieties identified for further analysis of cost attribution and the benefits of wheat varietal improvements were Gariep, Elands and Duzi.

Genetic analysis revealed a quantitative trait loci (QTL2A.K) on short arm of chromosome 2A associated with yellow rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Vikram ◽  
Cynthia Ortiz ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
Sukhwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yellow Rust Resistance ◽  
Genomic Regions

Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis, is one of the most devastating diseases in wheat. A synthetic by elite recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross, Botnol/Aegilops squarrosa (666)//Kachu was evaluated for yellow rust resistance in two different environments in Mexico. The population was subjected to DArT-seq analysis for an in-depth genetic characterization. A major effect rust resistance QTL (QTL2A.K) explaining up to 45% phenotypic variance was found to be contributed by Kachee, an elite line of International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Mexico. The QTL2A.K was found to be contributed by a segment of 2NS Chromosome of Triticum ventricosum translocated into the short arm of bread wheat chromosome 2A (QTL2A.K). The position of QTL2A.K was confirmed using T. ventricosum specific primer VENTRIUP-LN2. Identified genomic regions are being introgressed in to the popular but susceptible wheat varieties through marker-assisted breeding for enhancing yellow rust resistance.

Inheritance of leaf rust and stem rust resistances in wheat cultivars Agent and Agatha

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA McIntosh ◽  
PL Dyck ◽  
GJ Green
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Adult Plants

The wheat cultivars Agent and Agatha each possess closely linked genes for resistance to Puccinia graminis tritici and P. recondita derived from Agropyron elongatum. The genes in Agent, located in chromosome 3D, were designated Sr24 and Lr24. The gene in Agatha for resistance to P. graminis tritici was designated Sr25 and is linked with Lr19 in chromosome 7D. Both Agent and Agatha possess additional genes for resistance to certain cultures of P. graminis tritici. Sr24 is considered a valuable source of resistance for wheat-breeding purposes, but Sr25 conferred an inadequate level of resistance to adult plants. A translocation from an A. elongatum chromosome to wheat chromosome 6A, present in Australian cultivars Eagle, Kite and Jabiru, carries a third gene, Sr26, for stem rust resistance.

scholarly journals Estimation of grain productivity and biochemical indicators of the winter bread wheat varieties depending on the forecrop

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Оlesya Nekrasova ◽  
Nina Kravchenko ◽  
Dmitry Marchenko ◽  
Evgeny Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Study Results

The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of sunflower and pea on the amount of productivity, protein and gluten percentage in grain. The objects of the study were 13 winter bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The study was carried out in 2018-2020 on the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production. The forecrops were peas and sunflower. The study results showed that the varieties ‘Volny Don’ (6.1 t / ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (6.1 t / ha) and ‘Lidiya’ (6.0 t / ha), when sown after peas, gave the largest yields. The varieties ‘Volny Don’ (4.9 t / ha) and ‘Polina’ (4.8 t / ha) which were sown after sunflower, showed the best productivity. The analysis of qualitative indicators established that the maximum percentage of protein and gluten in grain was identified in the varieties ‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.3%; 28.3%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (16.1%; 28.5%), which were sown after peas; and the same varieties showed good results (‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.2%; 27.4%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (15.7%; 27.8%)), when sown after sunflower.

NEW VARIETIES OF WINTER SOFT WHEAT IT IS A RESULTS FROM SELECTION IN ADAPTABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY

1970 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
А. I. Grabovets ◽  
М. А. Fomenko ◽  
T. А. Oleynikova ◽  
Е. А. Zheleznyak
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Initial Forms ◽  
Variety Testing

Research on winter wheat breeding was carried out in 2010-2020 at the Federal Rostov agricultural research center in the steppe zone with insufficient moisture. Soils of the southern carbonate Chernozem. The article describes the stages of coadaptation and creation of initial forms that served as the parents of new wheat varieties, which are being prepared for transfer to the State variety testing in 2021. The varieties are the result of the implementation of wheat breeding projects aimed at curbing climate volatility in recent years. The essence of the complex of resistance to stressors lies in the guaranteed resistance of the created genotypes to morozam (they must withstand at the depth of the tillering node –18⁰C), with a duration of springization of more than 60 days, during thaws they did not grow, they could withstand up to two months of lapped ice crust. The created forms should not be damaged during frosts in April and may, and should be characterized by high heat and drought resistance. To solve these problems, a special methodology was developed for creating genetic variability of breeding source material that is adequate to the changing climate. In the Volnaya zarya variety transferred to the GSI, the yield was 6.7 t / ha (maximum –8.32 t/ha), in the Donskaya T 20 variety – 7.0 t/ha (8.0 t/ha), the protein content in the grain was 14.1 and 14.0%, respectively. The article presents immunological characteristics of varieties, evaluation of their stability to abiotic factors (wintering frost, heat drought), response of varieties to sowing date and soil fertility.

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