Results of comparative farm trials on new Hungarian-bred maize hybrids and recommendations to farmers

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nagy ◽  
L. Honti
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Plot ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Large Scale Tests

Reliable small-plot experiments play an important role in determining the value of hybrids, but the results of large-plot experiments, which give a better reflection of conditions and technologies, are needed to obtain reliable information on which hybrids can be produced most economically under specific cultivation conditions. Within the framework of the National Research Development Programme, large-scale tests are underway on new Hungarian maize hybrids, to promote the selection, introduction and propagation of the most economical hybrids for specific regions, ecological conditions and technological standards. The tests included hybrids Sze SC 271 (FAO 290), Dáma (FAO 300) and Mv 277 (FAO 320) from the very early maturity group, Sze SC 352 (FAO 340), Hunor (FAO 370) and Norma (FAO 380) from the early maturity group and Maraton (FAO 450) and Sze SC 463 R (FAO 490) from the medium maturity group, grown at 20 different locations in Hungary. Each year the yield differences between the locations reflected the extreme distribution of precipitation during the growing season in different parts of the country. High amounts of precipitation were required in the growing season to reach the highest yields, but moderately high yields were achieved over a wide range of rainfall levels.

Effect of grazing intensity and cultivar on morphology, phenology, and nutritive value of subterranean clover II. Nutritive value during the growing season

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. J. Ru ◽  
J. A. Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Heavy Grazing

With the decline in pasture quality in southern Australia, the development of management strategies to improve nutrient supply for grazing animals is essential and requires a clear understanding of the interaction between animals and plants. The impact of grazing intensity on the morphology of subterranean clover was previously examined. This paper reports the effect of grazing intensity on the nutritive value of subterranean clover, and the variation in quality of cultivars during the growing season. Grazing intensity influenced nutritive value and interacted with cultivar maturity. Heavy grazing depressed dry matter digestibility (DMD) by 5 percentage units in October for early maturity cultivars but increased DMD by 3 percentage units in September for mid maturity cultivars. The influence of grazing intensity on nitrogen content was small. Heavy grazing did not affect acid detergent fibre for the early maturity group, but depressed it for the mid maturity group throughout the season. Acid detergent lignin remained comparable for all cultivars during the season. Mineral content of subterranean clover showed variable response to grazing treatments. Nutritive value varied among cultivars within each maturity group. DMD ranged over 53–64%, 44–62%, and 45–53% for early, mid, and late maturity groups, respectively, at the end of the growing season. The cultivar rank in all nutritional parameters changed with the progress of the season. The large ranges in the decline rate of DMD within each maturity group during the last 8 weeks of growth gave an indication of the potential quality of the cultivars during late spring and early summer. Despite the variation in mineral content there were no cultivars in which the concentration of minerals was below the minimum requirements of sheep. These results indicate that there is a potential for the selection of high quality cultivars within a breeding program, and that indicative targets of grazing intensity need to be further developed with a focus on pasture quality.

scholarly journals Digestibility of Ensiled Maize Hybrids Differing by Maturity and Endosperm Type

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
R. Loučka ◽  
P. Homolka ◽  
Y. Tyrolová ◽  
F. Jančík ◽  
V. Koukolová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

Abstract Selected maize hybrids were analyzed according to the in vivo digestibility of the silage. Eight tested hybrids were grown, harvested, and ensiled under identical conditions. The effect of earliness (early maturity group FAO 230–260 vs moderately early maturity group FAO 290–340) significantly (P < 0.05) affected the chemical composition, fermentation quality, and digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fibre. Type of kernel endosperm (dent vs flint) differed by digestibility of nutrients. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fibre was the highest for silage of the dent hybrid FAO 250 (73.7, 75.7, and 67.6%, respectively) and these digestibility values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower for silage of the dent hybrid FAO 320 (61.1, 63.4, and 51.4%, respectively). It was concluded that the digestibility differs mainly in dent-type hybrids. All correlation coefficients between the digestibility values were significantly (P < 0.05) high.

scholarly journals Use of different criteria for estimating precocity of heterosis maize hybrids in forest-steppe conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
S. P. Kotsyuba ◽  
◽  
Zh N. Novak ◽  
O. P. Naklioka
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In the article it is shown the results of the study of heterosis hybrids of corn on the signs of early ripening, such as: the growing season, the number of leaves on the main stem, the moisture yield of grain during harvest. To distribute our corn material by precocity, a number of studies were conducted, namely: estimating the length of the growing season "shoots – full ripeness", which was determined in days, and a very important indicator today is the moisture content of grain when harvested in percentage, it allowed to distribute heterosis hybrids into two groups: early-maturing (106–114) and middle-early – 114–123 days. Over the years of testing, the weather conditions varied considerably, which made it possible to evaluate in detail the material under study. In 2020, the growing season was within 107.8 days, which is almost three days less than in 2021. At the same time, the longer vegetation period was in 2021. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the rate of moisture yield of corn grain of the studied hybrids of the two maturity groups. The conducted researches allowed to trace the dynamics of grain moisture yield of early-maturing maize hybrids and one hybrid of the middle-ripening group of maturity, to determine the variability of hybrid grain moisture in different periods of grain maturation. The year 2021 was more favorable for growing corn, the plants formed a large vegetative mass, but the grain had a high humidity during the harvest period. This is due to a significant amount of precipitation (69.9 mm) in August 2021. Hybrids that had high harvest humidity were characterized by a long growing season, such as № 47 × № 33. Therefore, our selected hybrids can be successfully used in planning a strategy for early maturity. In establishing the patterns of moisture transfer of grain when it reaches, in particular, the influence of the conditions of the year, in our study group were identified two hybrids consistently better in terms of grain moisture. Preference should be given to hybrids № 31 × № 37 and № 83 × № 125, which combine indicators of early maturity: the shortest growing season, the number of leaves on the main stem and the rate of moisture.

The effect of a wide range of fertilizer nitrogen application rates and defoliation intervals on the dry-matter production, seasonal response to nitrogen, persistence and aspects of chemical composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perennecv. S.24)

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Bartholomew ◽  
D. M. B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Plot

SUMMARYA small-plot experiment was made to assess the influence on dry-matter output from grass of a wide range of fertilizer nitrogen and defoliation interval treatments. There were five defoliation treatments, 22, 28, 45, 75 and 112-day regrowth intervalsroughout the growing season each at six levels of nitrogen application, ranging by 300 kg increments from 0 to 1500 kg/ha/year.There was a marked interaction effect between treatments; a positive dry-matter response was maintained to a higher level of applied nitrogen with more frequent defoliation. In 2 years out of 3 maximum dry-matter yield was produced under a 75·day defoliation interval although the mean yield advantage over a 45-day defoliation system was only 11%. Mean yield of digestible dry matter appeared to reach a maximum under a 45·day defoliation interval at 600 kg N/ha but at the lower levels of N the maximum yield was reached at the longest growth interval.Seasonal response to nitrogen under the 22–day and 28–day defoliation systems measured as the increase in yield resulting from increased N at each cutting date reached its peak in July–August. Application for these short growth periods early and late in the growing season appeared to be a relatively inefficient use of nitrogen.The less frequently the sward was harvested and the higher the nitrogen application the greater was the reduction in ground cover as estimated by eye at the end of the growing season, this reached an estimated 25% reduction under 112·day defoliation at 300 kg N/ha/year.In relation to published figures nitrate content of herbage did not reach dangerous levels until nitrogen application reached levels beyond those at which maximum dry·matter yield was achieved.

Soil–Geosynthetic Interface Shear in Different Testing Scales

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (52) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholam H. Roodi ◽  
Amr M. Morsy ◽  
Jorge. G. Zornberg
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Interface Shear ◽  
Shear Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Large Scale Tests

Geosynthetics have been used to improve mechanical performance of roadway layers (e.g., geosynthetic-reinforced asphalt, geosynthetic-stabilized bases) and a wide range of transportation infrastructures (e.g., geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls). A key aspect in understanding soil–geosynthetic interaction mechanisms involved in each application includes characterization of the interface between geosynthetics and adjacent materials. This study evaluates soil–geosynthetic interface shear in various pullout test scales including standard, smaller than standard, and larger than standard scales. Experimental results obtained from tests conducted in each scale were analyzed to determine the soil–geosynthetic interface shear model. An iteration procedure, similar to that used in t–z analysis of pile loading, was developed to simulate incremental geosynthetic movements. Shape and parameters of the interface shear model were changed to minimize the residual error between experimental and simulated data. It was found that mobilization of the interface shear in the small-scale test differs from that in the standard- and large-scale tests. In the standard- and large-scale tests, the ultimate soil–geosynthetic interface shear mobilized at comparatively small displacements, which could be represented by a linear plastic interface shear model. In the small-scale test, however, the interface shear developed in two phases. A portion of the ultimate interface shear mobilized at comparatively small displacements while additional resistance continued to mobilize at extended displacements. Consequently, the development of interface shear resistance in the standard- and large-scale tests was found to depend on progressive increase of the geosynthetic mobilized length, whereas in the small-scale test the interface shear resistance developed by displacement of the entire geosynthetic.

scholarly journals Time-dependent scour processes on granular beds at large scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Palermo ◽  
Fabián A. Bombardelli ◽  
Stefano Pagliara ◽  
Julio Kuroiwa
Keyword(s):  
Time Evolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Phenomenological Theory ◽  
State University ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Large Scale Tests

AbstractA theoretical framework, based on the phenomenological theory of turbulence applied to scour-related processes due to plunging jets on cohesionless beds, is considered in this paper. More specifically, its predictive capability is assessed herein for large-scale domains, after it was developed for small scales elsewhere. The analysis focuses on both the time-evolution process and the equilibrium configuration for a wide range of hydraulic structures. After revisiting the theory for the temporal evolution of the scour processes, the scour for large-scale tests is investigated using unpublished experiments performed at Colorado State University by the last author. These tests confirm the existence of two stages in the scour hole development, namely the developing and developed phases. Thus, the scour dynamics at large scales is shown to be consistent with that at smaller scales. Then, the theory recently introduced by the first three authors is used to predict the time evolution of scour, corroborating that the very same equations, together with the same coefficients, provide successful predictions, regardless of scale and granulometric distribution. Finally, the theory is again verified against laboratory data on PK weirs obtained at the University of Pisa. Overall, the work described in the paper offers a tool with general validity.

scholarly journals Results of the study of the modern gene pool of narrow-leaved lupine

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
P A Ageeva ◽  
N A Potchutina ◽  
M V Matyukhina ◽  
O M Gromova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Abstract Narrow-leaved lupine (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is a valuable leguminous fodder crop adapted to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions. Modern fodder varieties of narrow-leaved lupine have a low content of alkaloids in the grain of 0.02-0.10%, a high protein content of 32.0-38.0% and a number of other nutrients valuable for fodder production. In the collection nursery 2018-2020 Under the conditions of a changed climate, forage varieties and specimens of two morphological groups were studied: branched with different degrees of blocking of lateral branching and spike-like. The results of the structural analysis of the gene pool for the main elements of productivity and its morphobiological features are presented. According to the productivity of plants in the indeterminate group, the varieties USN 53-236, Narrow-leaved 53-02 and Hybrid 1215 (7.7-6.1 g / plant) were distinguished; by weight 1000 pcs. seeds - varieties Belorozovy 144 and Crystal (136.4-120 g); by the number of seeds in a bean - Belorozovy 144 and Narrow-leaved 53-02 and the Belarusian cultivar Alliance (4.1-4.2 pcs.). In the group of spike-like forms, the cultivar Epigonal 1215 (3.2 g / plant) was distinguished by grain productivity, by the weight of 1000 seeds - the Belarusian cultivar Talent (102.2 g). As a result of the assessment of the collection material in terms of the height and weight of plants, a variety meter was identified that exceeded the control, variety Vityaz, by 15.0-27.7 cm: Belorozovy 144, SN 78-07 and Hybrid 1215. The growing season of the studied numbers varies in a wide range of 80- 101 days. The group of spike-shaped numbers is characterized by ultra-early maturity (71-75) days.

scholarly journals Comparison of early maturity maize hybrids in function of the average yield in year 2012

Economica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Béla Oláh
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Extreme Drought ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
The South ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Moisture

The main goal of this scientific paper is the comparison of outstanding hybrids of the three largest, world-leading maize hybrid seed developers and suppliers (Monsanto, Pioneer and Syngenta) in function of the average yield and grain moisture. The author’s investigations were executed on a 600 hectare farm in the south of the Békés County in the extreme drought year of 2012. The examined hybrids were the DKC 4590 (FAO 360), the P9494 (FAO 390) and the NK Lucius (FAO330). All three hybrids fall under the early maturity group (FAO 300-399).

scholarly journals Stability parameters for grain yield of maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)

Genetika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Milomirka Madic ◽  
Dragan Djurovic ◽  
Vladeta Stevovic ◽  
Nikola Bokan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Yields

Stability parameters for grain yield were evaluated in 11 maize hybrids of FAO 300-700 maturity groups (ZPSC 330M, ZPTC 404, ZPSC 42A, ZPSC 480, ZPSC 539, ZPSC 599, ZPSC 580, ZPSC 677, ZPSC 633, ZPSC 704 and ZPSC 753) at three different locations in Central Serbia over a two-year period. The hybrids were tested in two separate trials including 50,000 and 65,000 plants/ha, respectively. The stability parameters were estimated using the EBERHART and RUSSELL regression model (1966). There were no significant differences (except in the ZPTC 404 hybrid) between the values of the regression coefficient (bi) for grain yield and the mean value. The ZPSC 599 hybrid of the group of hybrids with a medium growing season gave high yields and less favorable values of stability parameters at most locations and over most years as compared to the long- season hybrids. The late maturity hybrids (FAO 600 and 700) as compared to the early maturity ones generally exhibited unfavorable values of stability parameters, i.e. a specific response and better adaptation to more favorable environmental conditions, and produced higher average yields. The yield of these hybrids could not have been jeopardized by the yield of the early maturity hybrids.

Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1363
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

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