Neuro-Technical Interfaces Based on Biocompatible Polymeric Substrates

2007 ◽  
Vol 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Stieglitz
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Electrode Site ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multielectrode Arrays ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Polymeric Substrates

AbstractMultielectrode arrays create the interfaces between nerves and technical systems in neuroprosthetic devices. MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technologies offer opportunities to develop high density arrays with large numbers of electrodes and smallest dimensions of electrode site area and pitch. Polymers are promising candidates for flexible substrates of these electrode arrays to meet the requirements of structural biocompatibility. In addition, these substrates must be biostable and should be non-toxic. From an engineering point of view, material processing should be feasible with standard MEMS process technology. Fail-safe integration of electronic circuitry, encapsulation of the systems with substrate-integrated electrodes and connection to cables and connectors is of great importance for reliable (micro-) implants.A comprehensive overview of the application of polymers like silicone rubber, polyimide, and parylene C as substrate, insulation and encapsulation material for multielectrode arrays will be given. Assembling techniques for system integration and encapsulation concepts will be discussed with a special attention on the adhesion properties between substrate, interconnects and insulation and possible failure mechanisms. Application scenarios include peripheral nerve interfaces like cuff and sieve electrodes as well as multielectrode arrays for retinal vision prostheses and shaft and grid arrays for the central nervous system interfaces.

Scratch Test and Adhesion Properties of Titanium Coatings Deposited by TIG Welding on Steels

2015 ◽  
Vol 1111 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Simona Dogar Cutean ◽  
Ion Mitelea ◽  
Viorel Aurel Şerban ◽  
Cosmin Codrean
Keyword(s):  
Scratch Test ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adhesion Properties

Scratch test is one of widely used, fast, and effective methods to obtain the critical loads that are related to adhesion properties of coatings. The determination of adhesion and the scratch resistance is essential for the mechanical characterization of surface layers for research and industry. To evaluate the performance of coatings the scratch test with a Rockwell-C diamond stylus as indenter is a commonly used test for the characterization of hard coatings on predominant metallic substrates due to its comparatively robust experimental setup, the easy use and the representative results. This is the only technique capable of imaging such interface defects which are due to the stressin duced by the scratch experiment.This paper aims to characterize the adhesion and scratch resistance using Millennium200 - Technical Tribo equipment of Ti layer deposited on steel surfaces by means of TIG/WIG welding technique. Ensuring appropriate functional properties of WIG welding coatings (Ti) requires a good compatibility with the substrate material (S235). For this reason was used to deposit titanium WIG welding an intermediary layer of copper, obtained in the same experimental conditions. The optimal selection of the coating material takes into consideration the metallurgical, mechanical and process technology compatibility. The mechanical properties of coatings must match the substrate. From this point of view, maintaining a high corrosion resistance is mainly conditioned by achieving a good adhesion and a microstructure free of internal cracks or other defects.

scholarly journals The Use of Statistical Functions for the Selection of Laser Texturing Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-461
Author(s):  
Piotr Sęk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Laser Surface Texturing ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Statistical Functions

AbstractLaser surface texturing is currently the most developed technique for producing fully reproducible microcavities on the surfaces of machine elements. From the point of view of texture technology, an important aspect is the proper selection of process parameters to obtain texture elements with desirable and repetitive geometries and physicochemical properties. Surface texturing improves mottling and fretting resistance and is also used wherever the adhesion properties of surface layers (printing techniques, bonding materials, biological and chemical activity, coatings, etc.) are important. The article shows the possibility of applying statistical functions to the selection of appropriate machining parameters to obtain microgeometry useful in the application of textured surfaces [1].

The Method Research of Production Enterprise Logistics System Integration

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 3320-3323
Author(s):  
Kai Wang
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Enterprise Logistics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Integrated Logistics

With the expansion of consumer market and production scale, the effect of logistics in the enterprise management is also becoming increasingly prominent. But the individual enterprise's logistics system capacity is limited, can not meet the needs of production and consumption timely and the waste of resources in the operation process are the prominent problems in logistics management. This paper explored the logistics system integration ideas and workable solutions of production enterprise from integrated logistics system point of view.

Assembly and Testing of Surface Micromachined, Piezoresistive Polysilicon Pressure Sensors

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd F. Miller ◽  
David J. Monk ◽  
Gary O’Brien ◽  
William P. Eaton ◽  
James H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
Surface Micromachining ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors

Abstract Surface micromachining is becoming increasingly popular for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and a new application for this process technology is pressure sensors. Uncompensated surface micromachined piezoresistive pressure sensors were fabricated by Sandia National Labs (SNL). Motorola packaged and tested the sensors over pressure, temperature and in a typical circuit application for noise characteristics. A brief overview of surface micromachining related to pressure sensors is described in the report along with the packaging and testing techniques used. The electrical data found is presented in a comparative manner between the surface micromachined SNL piezoresistive polysilicon pressure sensor and a bulk micromachined Motorola piezoresistive single crystal silicon pressure sensor.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia in children

2011 ◽  
pp. 1137-1147
Author(s):  
Felix G. Riepe
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽  
Paediatric Endocrinologist

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is caused by the genetic impairment of one of the five enzymes required for the biosynthesis of cortisol from cholesterol. In 95% of cases 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) is responsible for the disease (1). Classic 21-OHD has an incidence varying from 1:11 800 to 1:21 800, depending on the population background. The pathophysiology, clinical picture, genetics, and the unique aspects of management from the point of view of the paediatric endocrinologist are addressed, and the problems encountered from birth to puberty are described. The child specific issues of rare forms of CAH are summarized thereafter. The reader is referred to Chapter 5.11 for a comprehensive overview of 21-OHD and for more details on all other forms of CAH.

Implantation of Stimulation Electrodes in the Subretinal Space to Demonstrate Cortical Responses in Yucatan Minipig in the Course of Visual Prosthesis Development

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Sachs ◽  
F. Gekeler ◽  
H. Schwahn ◽  
W. Jakob ◽  
M. Köhler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Prosthesis ◽  
Subretinal Space ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Stimulation Electrode ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Visual Evoked

Purpose During the course of the development of visual prostheses, subretinal stimulation films were implanted in micropigs in order to prove the feasibility of subretinal electrical stimulation with subsequent cortical response. One aim was to demonstrate that epidural recording of visual evoked potentials is possible in the micropig. Methods Film-bound stimulation electrode arrays were placed in the subretinal space of micropigs. This enabled the retina to be stimulated subretinally. Since conventional visual evoked potential (VEP) measuring is virtually impossible in the pig from the neurosurgical point of view, epidural recording electrode arrays were positioned over the visual cortex as permanent electrodes. Results The feasibility of temporary implantation of film-bound stimulation electrode arrays was successfully demonstrated in the micropig model. On stimulation with monopolar voltage pulses (1000 to 3000 mV), reproducible epidural VEP measurements (5 to 10 μV) were detected. Conclusions The feasibility of subretinal stimulation of the retina was demonstrated in a retinal model that is similar to the human retina. This animal model therefore offers a suitable means of studying the tolerability of stimulation situations in the course of visual prosthesis development.

Research Progress on Water-Using System Integration Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 717 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Chun Hui Pan ◽  
Zhi Yue Zhao ◽  
Huan Yun Wang ◽  
Cui Fang Dong
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Water Pinch

This paper introduces the research content, methods and progress of integrating the water distribution network, and has done a comprehensive overview from basic concepts to several typical methods for designing water-using networks such as water pinch analysis, mathematical programming, internal water main technique and experience-based design methodology. It has an advance view of the future developments direction as well.

Supply chain flexibility

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 964-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorieke H.M. Manders ◽  
Marjolein C.J. Caniëls ◽  
Paul W.Th. Ghijsen
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Chain Flexibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Supply Chain Flexibility ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Number Of Publications

Purpose The conceptualization of flexibility in organizations historically emerged from three views which relate to economic, to organizational and to manufacturing perspectives. Despite the growing number of publications about supply chain flexibility in the area of supply chain management, there is a lack of consensus on how to define and to conceptualize supply chain flexibility from a management point of view. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive overview of the literature on the supply chain flexibility perspective and contributes to our understanding of the current state of research and its future development. Design/methodology/approach The research methodology used is the systematic literature review. In total 92 articles were selected from databases of well-known journal publishers in the field of economics, business studies and management sciences as well as grey literature to cover the topic of supply chain flexibility. Findings A limited number of studies in the field of supply chain flexibility apply theories and define the term supply chain flexibility. Instead they focus on a particular part or dimension of the supply chain. Based on the analysis, a distinction is made between flexibility in the supply chain and supply chain flexibility. Based on the function and characteristics of the supply chain, the authors selected 30 flexibility dimensions that cover supply chain flexibility by concentrating on the different business areas involved. Research limitations/implications The results support researchers and practitioners by identifying relevant trends and gaps in the field of supply chain flexibility. Originality/value The authors review the dimensions and aspects of supply chain flexibility that are currently taken into account in the literature. In this way, the authors provide an overarching perspective on the flexibility literature relating to supply chains.

A Study of Friction and Adhesion Properties of ODS Film on MEMS Device

2012 ◽  
Vol 220-223 ◽  
pp. 915-920
Author(s):  
Jeng Haur Horng ◽  
Jen Fin Lin ◽  
Shin Yuh Chern ◽  
Chin Chung Wei ◽  
Chun Yueh Chen
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Normal Forces ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Friction And Wear Properties ◽  
Sic Film

With the rapid development of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, materials such as silicon, metal, and polymers are widely used in the MEMS field. One of the reliability concerns related to Si MEMS is unwanted wear and adhesion. Therefore, SiC film is a possible choice for surfaces because of its favorable friction and wear properties such as used in cutting tool and transmission system of wind turbine. In this study, biocompatible SAM film (ODS) was used to decrease the adhesion force and the friction coefficient of SiC surface. Experimental results show that ODS can increase the contact angle and decrease the surface roughness value of SiC surfaces for the different roughness values and roughness directions. For Si, SiC film and SAMs film on surfaces, larger normal forces lead to smaller friction coefficients and cross roughness pattern have a smaller friction coefficient than that of straight roughness pattern. In addition, ODS film can decrease the friction coefficient on cross topography with relative small roughness value more effectively than can straight topography of SiC surfaces.

scholarly journals The capital of individuality: A prehistory and basic assumptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
L.Ya. Dorfman ◽  
A.M. Mishkevich ◽  
A.Yu. Kalugin
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The One ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Individual Success ◽  
First Time

An overview of modern foreign capital studies is presented. Human, social, psychological capitals as independent areas of research are singled out and described. For the first time, the concept of the capital of individuality, complementing other types of capital, is being introduced and developed. The basic features of capital are revealed through the concepts of resources and potentials. Individual properties taken together are shown as distributed resources and potentials, on the one hand, the combined resources and potentials of the individuality taken together by its properties on the other. The perspective of a systematic study of the capital of individuality may be the appeal to the theory of integral individuality of V.S. Merlin and the concept of system integration of human individuality by B.A. Vyatkin and L.Y. Dorfman. An approach to empirical study of the capital of individuality is planned, taking into account the multi-level properties of integral individuality as resources and potentials that enable a person to achieve high results in various areas of life. The concept of the capital of individuality is introduced in order to complement the existing notions of individual differences with a view of them from the point of view of revealing the strengths of human possibilities for existence, life support, individual success.

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