Scratch Test and Adhesion Properties of Titanium Coatings Deposited by TIG Welding on Steels

2015 ◽  
Vol 1111 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Simona Dogar Cutean ◽  
Ion Mitelea ◽  
Viorel Aurel Şerban ◽  
Cosmin Codrean
Keyword(s):  
Scratch Test ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adhesion Properties

Scratch test is one of widely used, fast, and effective methods to obtain the critical loads that are related to adhesion properties of coatings. The determination of adhesion and the scratch resistance is essential for the mechanical characterization of surface layers for research and industry. To evaluate the performance of coatings the scratch test with a Rockwell-C diamond stylus as indenter is a commonly used test for the characterization of hard coatings on predominant metallic substrates due to its comparatively robust experimental setup, the easy use and the representative results. This is the only technique capable of imaging such interface defects which are due to the stressin duced by the scratch experiment.This paper aims to characterize the adhesion and scratch resistance using Millennium200 - Technical Tribo equipment of Ti layer deposited on steel surfaces by means of TIG/WIG welding technique. Ensuring appropriate functional properties of WIG welding coatings (Ti) requires a good compatibility with the substrate material (S235). For this reason was used to deposit titanium WIG welding an intermediary layer of copper, obtained in the same experimental conditions. The optimal selection of the coating material takes into consideration the metallurgical, mechanical and process technology compatibility. The mechanical properties of coatings must match the substrate. From this point of view, maintaining a high corrosion resistance is mainly conditioned by achieving a good adhesion and a microstructure free of internal cracks or other defects.

Neuro-Technical Interfaces Based on Biocompatible Polymeric Substrates

2007 ◽  
Vol 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Stieglitz
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Electrode Site ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multielectrode Arrays ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Polymeric Substrates

AbstractMultielectrode arrays create the interfaces between nerves and technical systems in neuroprosthetic devices. MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technologies offer opportunities to develop high density arrays with large numbers of electrodes and smallest dimensions of electrode site area and pitch. Polymers are promising candidates for flexible substrates of these electrode arrays to meet the requirements of structural biocompatibility. In addition, these substrates must be biostable and should be non-toxic. From an engineering point of view, material processing should be feasible with standard MEMS process technology. Fail-safe integration of electronic circuitry, encapsulation of the systems with substrate-integrated electrodes and connection to cables and connectors is of great importance for reliable (micro-) implants.A comprehensive overview of the application of polymers like silicone rubber, polyimide, and parylene C as substrate, insulation and encapsulation material for multielectrode arrays will be given. Assembling techniques for system integration and encapsulation concepts will be discussed with a special attention on the adhesion properties between substrate, interconnects and insulation and possible failure mechanisms. Application scenarios include peripheral nerve interfaces like cuff and sieve electrodes as well as multielectrode arrays for retinal vision prostheses and shaft and grid arrays for the central nervous system interfaces.

Determination of adhesive characteristics of coatings by application a modern scratch test. Part 1. Possibilities of application a modern scratch test to determine adhesion properties of coatings.

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
V. K. Belov ◽  
E. V. Gubarev ◽  
O. V. Krivko ◽  
A. V. Papshev ◽  
N. G. Gofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scratch Test ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Subjective Character ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Metal Products

At present, many kinds of metal products are produced with application of various coatings. Coatings along with requirements to provide their functional properties, must also meet additional general requirements, in particular, must have a high adhesion resistivity. Methods of direct measuring of adhesion characteristics considered. It was shown, that estimation of coatings adhesion properties by regular standard methods has a subjective character, since it is accomplished visually by specially trained laboratory assistants. Appearance of new standards and modern devices for determining of adhesion characteristics of different coatings by scratch test creates new possibilities of those properties regulation in digital form without subjective estimations. A methodology considered for determining coatings adhesion properties by application theory of scratch test. Estimation of strength parameters of the coating material depending on coating destruction character by power and geometric parameters of the deformation hearth was carried out. The relation of power characteristics of deformation hearth under indenter analyzed. Advantages and drawbacks of the scratch test quoted. It was noted, that implementation of new devices for the scratch test has required adoption of new standards for polymer and ceramic coatings. Implementation of those standards and devices for estimation of different coatings adhesion properties by application scratch test at present has no insuperable obstacles.

Adhesion of PVD and CVD hard coatings as an essential parameter that determines the durability of coated tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (96) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
M. Pancielejko
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Coated Tools ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Scratch Tests

Purpose: The work is connected with the current trend related to the modification of tool surfaces with PVD and CVD methods through the deposition of coatings to increase their durability. The research results of coated tools tests that are carried out in industrial conditions are presented in details. Design/methodology/approach: Structure, chemical and phase composition investigations related to the mechanical and tribological properties of coatings produced on tool substrates and analysis of the results are included. Investigations of the properties of deposited coatings on the following tool materials were made: high speed steels, hot work tool steel, sintered carbides and SiAlON tool ceramics. Findings: Interpretation of production tests results of coated tools and an analysis of the wear mechanisms of tool blades in relation to the properties of coatings and their adhesion, in particular characterized in the scratch test, were described. Research limitations/implications: Adhesion scratch test cannot be the only and final method of such evaluation. For example a direct comparison of the results of the scratch tests of coatings is possible when adhesion is being examined of different coatings yet on the same type of the substrate. Practical implications: Based on the adhesion test results using the scratch test, the suitability of the coatings produced on the cutting tools can be quickly assessed. Originality/value: It was sought those parameters which characterize the properties of coatings, ones which would permit to effectively/practically assess the performance of tools with coatings produced, with an exclusion or limitation of long-term and expensive durability tests of tools that are carried out in industrial conditions.

Physical Characterization of Hafnium Oxide Thin Films Annealed in Vacuum

2018 ◽  
Vol 784 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Lukáš Václavek ◽  
Jan Tomaštík ◽  
Libor Nožka ◽  
Radim Čtvrtlík
Keyword(s):  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
Monoclinic Phase ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Annealing ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
Adhesive Properties

Hafnium oxide (HfO2) is a material characterized by a good mechanical, thermal and chemical stability and is used as a material in a variety of technological applications in optics and electronics. In this work the influence of annealing temperature on the mechanical structural properties of amorphous HfO2 thin film was explored. Films were deposited by electron beam evaporation and annealed in the temperature range from 200 °C to 500 °C in vacuum. Mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus were determined using nanoindentation, while cohesive-adhesive properties of the film using a scratch test. Surface morphology was determined using a confocal microscope and structure using XRD. The transformation of amorphous phase of the films to the nanocrystalline monoclinic phase was observed after vacuum annealing at 500 °C. This crystallization leads to increase in hardness on one hand but also to growth of brittleness and in turn to decrease in scratch resistance on the other hand.

Influence of Tin-Chloride Pretreatment on Mirror Coating Adhesion

2005 ◽  
Vol 473-474 ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nagy ◽  
Norbert Hegman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Tin Chloride ◽  
Scratch Track ◽  
Scanning Electron

Our research focused on the adhesion properties of mirror coating on silica float glass due to applying different quantity of tin-chloride sensitizing agent. Investigation was carried out to detect the distribution and quantity of tin containing clusters deposited on the glass surface working as crystallization centre. The adhesion properties of coatings were tested by scratch test where critical peeling forces were evaluated. The morphology of the formed scratch track was measured with scanning electron microscope. The surface topography was scanned by AFM technique.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Urea Formaldehyde @ Epoxy Resin Microcapsule on Waterborne Wood Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxing Yan ◽  
Xingyu Qian ◽  
Yijuan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Wood Coatings

Urea formaldehyde @ epoxy resin microcapsules were prepared by two steps in situ polymerization, and the morphology and composition of microcapsules with different mass ratios of core to wall material were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The microcapsules were added to the waterborne wood coatings to explore the effect of microcapsules on the properties of coatings and their self-repairing characteristics, and the gloss, hardness, adhesion, and impact resistance of the waterborne wood coatings were investigated. The results showed that when the concentration of microcapsule was 10.0% and the mass ratio of core to wall material was 0.83:1, the waterborne wood coatings had a good comprehensive performance and less negative impact. In the scratch test, the waterborne wood coatings with a concentration of 10.0% microcapsule had good repair ability. The possibility of applying the self-repairing technology of microcapsule to waterborne wood coatings was discussed through the preparation and performance characterization of self-repairing coatings and the results can become a guideline for the engineering application of waterborne wood coatings.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based automated characterization of crosscut tests for coatings via image segmentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaoyuan Zhang ◽  
Christian Schmitz ◽  
Matthias Fimmers ◽  
Christoph Quix ◽  
Sayed Hoseini
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Intelligent Software

AbstractA manual scratch test to measure the scratch resistance of coatings applied to a certain substrate is usually used to test the adhesion of a coating. Despite its significant amount of subjectivity, the crosscut test is widely considered to be the most practical measuring method for adhesion strength with a good reliability. Intelligent software tools help to improve and optimize systems combining chemistry, engineering based on high-throughput formulation screening (HTFS) technologies and machine learning algorithms to open up novel solutions in material sciences. Nevertheless, automated testing often misses the link to quality control by the human eye that is sensitive in spotting and evaluating defects as it is the case in the crosscut test. In this paper, we present a method for the automated and objective characterization of coatings to drive and support Chemistry 4.0 solutions via semantic image segmentation using deep convolutional networks. The algorithm evaluated the adhesion strength based on the images of the crosscuts recognizing the delaminated area and the results were compared with the traditional classification rated by the human expert.

Microstructural characterization of sol-gel coating on PET films

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 886-887
Author(s):  
R. T. Chen ◽  
R.A. Norwood
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Ion Beam Sputtering ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Refractive Index Measurement ◽  
Organically Modified ◽  
Pet Films

Sol-gel processing has been used to control the structure of a material on a nanometer scale in preparing advanced ceramics and glasses. Film coating using the sol-gel process was also found to be a viable process technology in applications such as optical, porous, antireflection and hard coatings. In this study, organically modified silicate (Ormosil) coatings are applied to PET films for various industrial applications. Sol-gel materials are known to exhibit nanometer scale structures which havepreviously been characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), neutron scattering and light scattering. Imaging of the ultrafine sol-gel structures has also been performed using an ultrahigh resolution replica/TEM technique. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ultrafine structures inthe sol gel coatings using a direct imaging technique: atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, correlation of microstructures with processing parameters, coating density and other physical properties will be discussed.The materials evaluated are organically modified silicate coatings on PET film substrates. Refractive index measurement by the prism coupling method was used to assess density of the sol-gel coating.AFM imaging was performed on a Nanoscope III AFM (by Digital Instruments) using constant force mode. Solgel coating samples coated with a thin layer of Ft (by ion beam sputtering) were also examined by STM in order to confirm the structures observed in the contact type AFM. In addition, to compare the previous results, sol-gel powder samples were also prepared by ultrasonication followed by Pt/Au shadowing and examined using a JEOL 100CX TEM.

The Analyses of Learning Strategies in English as a Second Language: Theoretical Classification and Measurement Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Asti Gumartifa ◽  
◽  
Indah Windra Dwie Agustiani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
The Impact

Gaining English language learning effectively has been discussed all years long. Similarly, Learners have various troubles outcomes in the learning process. Creating a joyful and comfortable situation must be considered by learners. Thus, the implementation of effective learning strategies is certainly necessary for English learners. This descriptive study has two purposes: first, to introduce the classification and characterization of learning strategies such as; memory, cognitive, metacognitive, compensation, social, and affective strategies that are used by learners in the classroom and second, it provides some questionnaires item based on Strategy of Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) version 5.0 that can be used to examine the frequency of students’ learning strategies in the learning process. The summary of this study explains and discusses the researchers’ point of view on the impact of learning outcomes by learning strategies used. Finally, utilizing appropriate learning strategies are certainly beneficial for both teachers and learners to achieve the learning target effectively.

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