Pigment Analysis of Two Thai Banner Paintings

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Giaccai
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Lead White ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Red Lead ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Copper Arsenic

AbstractThe pigments used in two Thai banner paintings (phra bot) were examined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FTIR) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The two paintings examined dated from the late 18th and the late 19th century. The paintings examined follow the trends observed on Thai wall paintings and manuscripts from the same time periods. Pigments identified include vermilion, iron oxide earths, red lead, lead white (hydrocerrusite), calcium carbonate, kaolin, Prussian blue, gamboge, artificial ultramarine, copper citrate and a copper-arsenic green.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic investigation of two Serbian icons painted on canvas

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Damjanovic ◽  
Olgica Marjanovic ◽  
Milica Maric-Stojanovic ◽  
Velibor Andric ◽  
Ubavka Mioc
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Lead White ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Green Earth ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Different Parts

Multianalytical study of two Serbian icons, ?The Virgin and Child? and ?St. Petka?, painted on canvas by unknown authors was performed in order to identify materials used as pigments, binders and ground layer. Investigated icons belong to the Museum of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Belgrade. Samples, collected from different parts of the icons, were analysed by: optical microscopy (OM), energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (EDXRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Obtained results reveal presence of the following pigments: Prussian blue, ultramarine, green earth, iron oxides, lead white and zinc white. Linseed oil was used as a binder. Materials used for ground layers were gypsum, calcite, baryte and lead white. Gilded surface of the icon ?The Virgin and Child? was made of gold. Gilded surface on the frame of this icon was made of imitation of gold i.e. Schlagmetal, since EDXRF spectroscopy showed presence of copper and zinc, while gold was not detected. Based on style and art historian consideration as well as on obtained results for corresponding pigments and binder both icons were the most probably made at the end of 19th or beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Approach Applied to the Diagnosis of the Facade of the Arciprestal Church of Santa María de Morella (Castellón, Spain)

Scanning ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Livio Ferrazza ◽  
María T. Pastor Valls ◽  
Gemma M. Contreras Zamorano ◽  
David Juanes Barber ◽  
Roxana Radvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper deals with the development of a multidisciplinary study on the current state of conservation of the facade of the Arciprestal Church of Santa María de Morella (Castellón, Spain), a work of the Gothic period of great historical and artistic value. The aim of this diagnosis was to undertake the preventive conservation actions required and increase the knowledge about the conservation of paintings on stones. During the diagnosis scanning, electron microscopy was demonstrated to be a valuable analytical method for wall paintings on stone. The facade, which since its construction has not undergone major architectural changes, has reached our days as it was configured in its creation, adding the traces of the passage of time and interventions that have suffered polychromies. Because of the conservation situation, it was decided to have an interdisciplinary project for the structural study of the work, an exhaustive study of the materials and their state of conservation. The study of the materials includes the identification of stone supports, mortars, the pictorial technique of the original and added polychromies, and the superficial patinas. On-site studies were carried out by ground penetration radar (GPR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Among the techniques used in laboratory were optical polarized light microscopy (MO-LP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis (SEM-EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The study allowed to determine the different pathologies of alteration and degradation of stone substrate and polychromies, chromatic alterations, biological patinas, etc. During this study, it was demonstrated that the diagnosis of wall paintings is a complex issue that needs to be addressed in a multidisciplinary approach, where scanning electron microscopy with microanalysis is the key methodology to get a deeper understanding of subsurface characterization of wall paintings and highlight the weathering processes. In a second phase of previous studies, this technique (SEM) has been used in assessing the viability of consolidation systems and cleaning both the stone and the polychrome.

scholarly journals Organic Matter and Pigments in the Wall Paintings of Me-Taw-Ya Temple in Bagan Valley, Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11441
Author(s):  
Maria Letizia Amadori ◽  
Valeria Mengacci ◽  
Manuela Vagnini ◽  
Antonella Casoli ◽  
Parviz Holakooei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ancient City

Pagán is an ancient city located in Myanmar that is renowned for the remains of about 4000 pagodas, stupas, temples and monasteries dating from the 11th to 13th centuries. Due to a magnitude 6.8 earthquake in 2016, more than 300 ancient buildings were seriously damaged. As a part of the post-earthquake emergency program, a diagnostic pilot project was carried out on Me-taw-ya temple wall paintings to acquire further information on the materials and on their state of conservation. This article presents our attempts at characterising the painting materials at Me-taw-ya temple using non-invasive portable energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), portable Raman spectroscopy and micro-invasive attenuated total reflectance—Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-Raman), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), polarized light microscopy (PLM) and environmental scanning electron microscope—X-ray energy dispersive system (ESEM-EDS) investigations with the aim of identifying the composition of organic binders and pigments. The presence of a proteinaceous glue mixed with the lime-based plaster was ascertained and identified by GC-MS. In addition, this technique confirmed the occurrence of plant-derived gums as binders pointing to the a secco technique. Fe-based compounds, vermillion, carbon black and As-compounds were identified to have been incorporated in the palette of the murals.

scholarly journals Identification of Colourants and Varnishes in a 14th Century Decorated Wood-Carved Door of the Dionysiou Monastery in Mount Athos

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Alexander Konstantas ◽  
Ioannis Karapanagiotis ◽  
Stamatis C. Boyatzis
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Lead White ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Technological Information ◽  
Colour Palette ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Red Lead

A decorated and carved wooden door of the late Byzantine period (14th Century), which belongs to the Dionysiou Monastery in Mount Athos, Greece, constitutes an important relic of valuable technological information due to its construction technology and history. Seventeen (17) samples detached from the door are studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and micro-Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The following materials are identified in the cross sections of the door samples using micro-Raman spectroscopy: orpiment, lead white, red lead, red ochre, cinnabar, carbon black, gypsum, anhydrite, and calcite, and an organic colourant of the indigoid family. SEM-EDX studies supported to the aforementioned Raman results. Interestingly, a combination of inorganic and organic colourants was detected. The main goals of this particular study were to: (a) reveal the colour palette and materials, (b) identify the type of varnish and its condition, and (c) contribute to future restoration processes and aid conservators in selecting compatible restoration materials.

The Xth Cent. Church in Drustar: Study of Wall Paintings by Spectroscopic Methods

2002 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zorba ◽  
K.M. Paraskevopoulos ◽  
D.I. Siapkas ◽  
E. Pavlidou ◽  
S. Angelova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Christian Church ◽  
X Ray ◽  
River Danube ◽  
Byzantine Era ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThe technique and painting used in the earlier wall paintings from the characteristic Christian church in Drustar - close to the river Danube - in Bulgaria, are studied. The fragments of wall paintings used in this study are examined mainly by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDS). It is concluded that the technique used was fresco and that the pigments used are common to those used in the Byzantine era.

Disodium Sulfodehydroabietate as Template for Preparation of Hydrophobic Nano-Calcium

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2212-2214
Author(s):  
Shi Ya Han ◽  
Ming Hua Zhu ◽  
Zhan Qian Song ◽  
Gui Zhen Fang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Anhydrous Calcium Chloride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

In this paper, the hydrophobic nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was prepared by organic matter (the bolaform surfactant Disodium Sulfodehydroabietate as template) modifying surface structure of calcium carbonate (made by anhydrous sodium carbonate and anhydrous calcium chloride) at 40°C for 2h. The prepared hydrophobic nano-CaCO3 was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and. The nano-CaCO3 with mean particle size of 64.4 nm was obtained in the range of 0.5~1.5µm by calculation. The contact angle of nano-CaCO3 with liquid solid was 117.49°. The hydrophobic property become stronger.

Calcium carbonate and calcium oxalate as cuticular hardening agents in oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy A. Norton ◽  
Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sphagnum Bogs

Hardening of adult oribatid mite cuticle by the deposition of crystalline calcium salts is demonstrated by a combination of X-ray diffraction and X-ray dispersion methods, in conjunction with experimental acid decalcification. Calcite (calcium carbonate) is the mineral deposited by mites representating the Ptyctima, but three species of Enarthronota (Eniochthonius minutissimus, Archoplophora rostralis, and Prototritia major) deposit whewellite, a form of calcium oxalate. The latter is deposited even in individuals living in base-poor environments such as sphagnum bogs, and probably derives from crystals originally precipitated by the fungal food of these mites. Our observations provide the first strong evidence of cuticular hardening by mineralization in the Arachnida, and the only known instance of the use of whewellite as a general intracuticular hardening agent in arthropods. A brief survey of representative oribatid mites, examined for strong birefringence under polarized light, suggested that each of the three ptychoid lineages (Ptyctima, Mesoplophoridae, Protoplophoridae) evolved cuticular mineralization independently.

scholarly journals Revealing Artists’ Collaboration in a 14th Century Manuscript by Non-Invasive Analyses

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 771
Author(s):  
Michela Perino ◽  
Lucilla Pronti ◽  
Lucrezia Gaia Di Forti ◽  
Martina Romani ◽  
Cecilia Taverna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Lead White ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Red Lead

In the last decades, the working methods of late medieval illuminators have been widely discussed by art historians and codicologists. Non-invasive analyses are able to characterise the painting methods of illuminators as well as investigate artistic collaborations among them. The aim of this study was to characterise the painting palettes and techniques of different artists who illuminated two leaves from an early fourteenth century manuscript. The analyses were carried out with non-invasive and portable techniques such as Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) spectrometry, Fiber Optics Reflectance Spectroscopy (FORS) and Raman spectroscopy. The paper highlights the differences among three rich and varied palettes and examines the pigments ultramarine, azurite, verdigris, earths, orpiment, red lead, vermillion, lead white, yellow lake, indigo, brazilwood and lac, used independently or in mixtures. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of non-invasive analyses as a tool to differentiate hands of artists who have worked on the same page. Furthermore, the comparison with analyses carried out on leaves attributed to the workshop of Pacino di Bonaguida allows to investigate in-depth the production of the main illuminators active in Florence at the dawn of the Renaissance.

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