BWO-Characterization of Materials and Devices at Frequencies 100-1000 GHz.

2000 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Volkov ◽  
V. B. Anzin ◽  
Yu. G. Goncharov ◽  
B. P. Gorshunov ◽  
G. A. Komandin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Spectral Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Space Measurement

ABSTRACTWe have developed multipurpose spectral technique for amplitude and phase measurements at frequencies 100–1000 GHz based on the use of backward wave oscillators (BWOs) as sources of probing radiation. It utilizes to the utmost all the remarkable advantages of BWOs such as high radiation intensity, monochromaticity, polarization, as well as high speed and wide range of frequency tuning. Extremely simple and flexible open-space measurement geometries are used. The developed technique seems to be the most appropriate and promising for the reliable, precise and mass characterization of materials and devices at millimeter-submillimeter waves.

CFD SIMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A DEVICE FOR POWDERED PHARMACEUTICALS AND BIOLOGICALS DELIVERY

2006 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 285-297
Author(s):  
FANG LIU ◽  
WEI HE ◽  
CHUNLI CAO ◽  
YI LIU
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Venturi Effect ◽  
Underlying Principle ◽  
Wide Range

Advances in molecular biology have produced a wide range of protein and peptide-based drugs. Equally, it is required to explore various technologies and capabilities to deliver those drugs. A unique medical device, the hand-held biolistics, is developed for powdered pharmaceuticals/biologicals transdermal delivery. The underlying principle is to accelerate micro-particles by means of a high-speed helium gas to an appropriate momentum to penetrate the outer layer of the skin to elicit desirable pharmaceutical/biological effects. The novelty of this hand-held biolistics is using the venturi effect to entrain micron-sized protein and peptide drugs into an established quasi-steady transonic jet flow and accelerate them toward the target. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics is utilized to characterize prototype biolistic system. The key features of gas dynamics and gas–particle interaction are presented. The overall capability of the biolistic delivery system is discussed and demonstrated. The statistical analyses show that the particles have achieved a mean velocity of 628 m/s as representatives of extracellular vaccine delivery applications.

F.05 Characterization of NBCA glue polymerization for embolization of brain AVM’s

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S2) ◽  
pp. S19-S20
Author(s):  
BH Wang ◽  
D Pelz ◽  
D Lee ◽  
MR Boulton ◽  
SP Lownie
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Polymerization Rate ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Glue Injection ◽  
Glue Embolization

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM’s) are abnormal connections between arteries and veins. Endovascular glue embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) is an accepted form of treatment, with most complications related to timing of polymerization. Current literature reports a wide range of polymerization times with large discrepancies between in-vivo and in-vitro results. Methods: Polymerization time was measured for mixtures of lipiodol/NBCA of 50/50, 60/40, 70/30. The influence of pH, temperature and presence of biological catalysts on polymerization rate was investigated in-vivo using submerged droplet tests. PVA-C, silicone and endothelium surfaces were compared and contact angles were measured to assess physical interaction with NBCA. High-speed video of glue injection through a microcatheter was captured to characterize coaxial flow. Results: Polymerization rate increases with pH and temperature. A hydrophilic substrate such as PVA-C provides surface properties that are most similar to endothelium. Endothelium provides a catalytic surface that increases the rate of polymerization. Blood products further increase the polymerization rate with RBC’s providing almost instantaneous polymerization of NBCA upon contact. Characterization of coaxial flow shows dripping to jetting transition with significant wall effect. Conclusions: We have successfully deconstructed and characterized the dynamic behavior of NBCA embolization. A refined understanding of NBCA behavior could help reduce embolization-related complications.

Nanoscale Characterization of Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward T. Yu ◽  
Stephen J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Major Theme ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

One of the dominant trends in current research in materials science and related fields is the fabrication, characterization, and application of materials and device structures whose characteristic feature sizes are at or near the nanometer scale. Achieving an understanding of—and ultimately control over—the properties and behavior of a wide range of materials at the nanometer scale has therefore become a major theme in materials research. As our ability to synthesize materials and fabricate structures in this size regime improves, effective characterization of materials at the nanometer scale will continue to increase in importance.Central to this activity are the development and application of effective experimental techniques for performing characterization of structural, electronic, magnetic, optical, and other properties of materials with nanometer-scale spatial resolution. Two classes of experimental methods have proven to be particularly effective: scanning-probe techniques and electron microscopy. In this issue of MRS Bulletin, we have included eight articles that illustrate the elucidation of various aspects of nanometer-scale material properties using advanced scanningprobe or electron-microscopy techniques. Because the range of both experimental techniques and applications is extremely broad—and rapidly increasing—our intent is to provide several examples rather than a comprehensive treatment of this extremely active and rapidly growing field of research.

Non-Destructive Machinability Characterization of Materials Through a Correlation With Rate of Strain Sensitivity

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-697
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Sprague ◽  
Evangelos C. Eleftheriou ◽  
Charles E. Bates
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Large Pool ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Drop Tests ◽  
Quick Measurement ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Machinability Data

The results of this work establish a foundation on which the development of experimental practices and instrumentation can be based for quick measurement of machinability in a non-destructive manner. The objective of the investigation presented was to establish an experimental correlation between rate of strain, or rate of loading, and the machinability of cast irons. Such an investigation would require the availability of a very large pool of machinability data, and high speed straining of materials. Through an experimental method utilizing drop tests, the correlation was established and verified through large numbers of drillability tests on cast iron specimens supplied by industrial affiliates. [S1087-1357(00)01802-5]

Electrical Characterization of FCBGA Package Based on Measurement Approach for High-speed SOC Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Ming-Kun Chen ◽  
Cheng-Chi Tai ◽  
Yu-Jung Huang
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Electronic Market ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Time Domain

With high-speed computers and wireless communications system become more popular in the electronic market, these communication-oriented products require high packaging densities, clock rates and higher switching speeds over Gb/s. A multilayer flip-chip Ball grid array (FCBGA) package used for applications running at more than 1 Gb/s has been characterized in this work. Electrical characterization of the package becomes essential beyond 1 GHz considering that the interconnections on the package behave not only just as interconnections but also as transmission lines. In this paper, we present the measurement and simulation results for interconnection of an FCBGA package using the time domain reflectometry (TDR) method. Simulation and measurement results are compared to establish a proper equivalent circuit model of the FCBGA interconnections. The parasitics of the power network can be measured through TDR, vector network analyzer (VNA) and impedance analyzer (IA). The complete models generated in this work are targeted for high-speed system-on-chip (SOC) devices that have a wide range of uses across commercial electronic applications.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

Applications of ultramicrotomy for materials characterization

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
R.T. Blackham ◽  
J.J. Haugh ◽  
C.W. Hughes ◽  
M.G. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Characterization Of Materials

Essential to the characterization of materials using analytical electron microscopy (AEM) techniques is the specimen itself. Without suitable samples, detailed microstructural analysis is not possible. Ultramicrotomy, or diamond knife sectioning, is a well-known mechanical specimen preparation technique which has been gaining attention in the materials science area. Malis and co-workers and Glanvill have demonstrated the usefulness and applicability of this technique to the study of a wide variety of materials including Al alloys, composites, and semiconductors. Ultramicrotomed specimens have uniform thickness with relatively large electron-transparent areas which are suitable for AEM anaysis.Interface Analysis in Type 316 Austenitic Stainless Steel: STEM-EDS microanalysis of grain boundaries in austenitic stainless steels provides important information concerning the development of Cr-depleted zones which accompany M23C6 precipitation, and documentation of radiation induced segregation (RIS). Conventional methods of TEM sample preparation are suitable for the evaluation of thermally induced segregation, but neutron irradiated samples present a variety of problems in both the preparation and in the AEM analysis, in addition to the handling hazard.

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