scholarly journals DUGAAN DAERAH PEMIJAHAN IKAN NAPOLEON (Cheilinus undulatus, RUPPELL, 1835) DI SEKITAR PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN ANAMBAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amran Ronny Syam ◽  
Mujiyanto Mujiyanto ◽  
Masayu Rahmia Anwar Putri
Keyword(s):  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Ocean Currents ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Spawning Area ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Net Cage

Kelimpahan ikan Napoleon di alam sangat rendah, namun larvanya muncul setiap tahun di sekitar perairan Kepulauan Anambas. Saat ini ikan Napoleon yang berukuran satu kilogram masih banyak ditemukan dari hasil pemeliharaan dalam Keramba Jaring Tancap dan Karamba Jaring Apung.  Kajian terhadap keberadaan larva/juvenil ikan Napoleon dan lokasi pemijahan di alam merupakan salah satu indikator dalam upaya mempertahankan keberlanjutan hidup populasi ikan napoleon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menduga daerah pemijahan ikan Napoleon di alam berdasarkan ukuran larva/juvenil ikan Napoleon yang tertangkap di alam dan pola arus di sekitar perairan tersebut.  Metode yang digunakan adalah Sensus visual (UVC), enumerasi hasil tangkapan benih dan penentuan pola arus laut di sekitar daerah penangkapan benih. Daerah pemijahan ikan Napoleon belum diketahui pasti. Berdasarkan pola arus laut dan keberadaan larva ikan Napoleon yang berukuran 0,5 inci, dapat diduga pemijahan ikan Napoleon di alam berlangsung tidak jauh dari lokasi ditemukannya larva tersebut, yaitu 1. Tanjung Datuk, 2.Pulau Tembuk, 3. Tanjung Ikan, 4.Teluk Nipah, 5.Teluk Pau, dan 6. Tanjung Sing. Populasi ikan Napoleon dewasa di perairan sekitar Kabupaten Anambas tergolong rendah, namun kemunculan benih ikan Napoleon dapat terjadi setiap tahun terutama pada Oktober/Nopember atau Januari dan Februari. The adult of Napoleon wrasse fish abundance in nature is very low, but the larvae can be found almost at year-round  in the Anambas waters. Currently, napoleon wrasse of one kilogram weight is still found in the fixed net cage and floating net cage. Study on the larva/juvenile existence and spawning site in nature is one of the keys indicators to maintain the sustainability of fish population. The methods used were the visual census (UVC), enumerating the seed catch and identify the pattern of ocean currents around the seed collection area. Spawning area of Napoleon wrasse fish could not exactly be determined yet. Based on the pattern of ocean currents and the smallest size of fish larvae that were found, the spawning site of Napoleon wrasse fish in the wild was estimated to be in around the occurrence location of Napoleon wrasse larvae, namely 1. Tanjung Datuk, 2. Tembuk Island, 3 Tanjung Ikan, 4. Teluk Nipah, 5.Teluk Pau, and 6.Tanjung Sing. The population of adult Napoleon fish in the waters around Anambas was relatively low, but the emergence of Napoleon wrasse larvae can occurs annually, especially in October- November or January-February.  

Comparative cleaning behaviour of Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) between geographically close yet ecologically dissimilar coral reef habitats

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (7) ◽  
pp. 1093-1106
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Romain ◽  
Dan A. Exton ◽  
David J. Smith ◽  
Amelia Rose ◽  
Clayton Vondriska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Total Fish ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Lutjanus Apodus ◽  
Cleaner Shrimp

AbstractCleaning mutualisms are important interactions on coral reefs. Intraspecific variation in cleaning rate and behaviour occurs geographically and is often attributed to local processes. However, our understanding of fine-scale variation is limited, but would allow us to control for geography and region-specific behavioural patterns. Here, we compare the cleaning activity of Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Ancylomenes pedersoni) on two neighbouring, yet ecologically dissimilar, reef systems in Honduras: Banco Capiro, an offshore bank close to significant land runoff with high coral cover but a depleted fish population, and an oligotrophic fringing reef around the island of Utila, with lower coral cover but high fish abundance and diversity. The proportion of realized to potential fish clientele was <60% at both sites, and the composition of clientele was neither reflective of the demographics of the resident assemblages at each site nor similar between sites. Parrotfishes represented 13–15% of total fish abundance at both sites yet accounted for >50% (Banco Capiro) and 10% (Utila) of all cleans. Conversely, the schoolmaster snapper (Lutjanus apodus) represented ~1% of total fish abundance at both sites yet accounted for 40% (Utila) and 1% (Banco Capiro) of all cleans. After standardizing our cleaning rate data by clientele abundance, we find that clientele at Banco Capiro engage in over four times as many cleaning encounters per hour with A. pedersoni than at Utila. Our study highlights the variable nature of coral reef cleaning interactions and the need to better understand the ecological and environmental drivers of this biogeographic variation.

scholarly journals La distribución del ictioplancton está directamente relacionada con la hidrodinámica de una región y el comportamiento de desove de los adultos. En este estudio buscamos mapear las zonas de mayor ocurrencia de ictioplancton observadas en la Bahía de São Marcos, que tiene una de las mayores amplitudes de marea en la Costa Amazónica, Brasil. El ictioplancton fue recolectado mediante una técnica de arrastre horizontal en la capa superficial, utilizando una red de rodillos cónicos con malla de 300 μm acoplada a un medidor de flujo, para estimar el volumen de agua filtrada en la Bahía de São Marcos (Complexo Estuarino de São Marcos - CESM, Maranhão) . La densidad se calculó a partir de la relación entre el número total de huevos y larvas en cada muestra y el volumen de agua filtrada. Las fuentes de Ictioplancton se consideraron continuas y se organizaron para representar de forma asincrónica las condiciones de distribución. Para ello se realizó utilizando el polígono de Voronoi para determinar la forma espacial del área de operación de todos los puntos de muestreo. El uso de CESM, como lugar de desove y cría de larvas de peces, se verificó en todas las épocas del año, con mayor densidad de huevos en la época de lluvias y mayor densidad de larvas durante la época seca. La ubicación de las mayores densidades de ictioplancton varió, con las concentraciones más altas más cerca del canal sureste del CESM en la estación seca, moviéndose hacia el centro en la estación lluviosa. El canal sureste del CESM era, por tanto, un área de cría de muchas especies de peces, lo que requería una acción prioritaria para la protección del medio ambiente.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e9229109238
Author(s):  
Rômulo de Araújo Soares ◽  
Júlio Cesar Martins Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Paula Cilene Alves da Silveira ◽  
Raimunda Fortes Carvalho Neta ◽  
Audalio Rebelo Torres Junior
Keyword(s):  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Spawning Behavior ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Spawning Site ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Spatial Shape ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The occurrence of ichthyoplankton is associated to the hydrodynamics and spawning behavior of adults. In this study we aimed to detect regions of concentration of ichthyoplankton in São Marcos Bay, which has macro tidal amplitudes in Amazon Coast, Brazil. Ichthyoplankton was acquired by way of drag technique, using with 300 μm mesh. The density was obtained considering the number of eggs and larvae in filtered water. The sources of Ichthyoplankton were defined continuous and organized to denote the asynchronously the distribution conditions. To this was done using Voronoi polygon to determine the spatial shape of the region of operation of all sampling points. The use of CESM, as a spawning site and breeding fish larvae, was verified at all times of the year, with a higher density of eggs in the wet period and a higher density of larvae during the dry period. The position of the higher ichthyoplankton densities varied, considering concentrations in the area at south-east channel of the CESM in the rainless period, going to the central area in the wet period. The southeast of CESM is, therefore, a nursery for fish, requiring environmental management actions.

scholarly journals The influence of natural flow and temperature and introduced brown trout on the temporal variation in native fish abundance in a “reference” stream

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Hayes ◽  
Eric O. Goodwin ◽  
Joanne E. Clapcott ◽  
Karen A. Shearer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Large River ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Upper South

Understanding what drives variation in fish abundance at reference sites provides perspective for assessing the effects of human alterations to river flow and land use. We examined temporal variation in fish community abundance in a headwater tributary of a large river in the upper South Island (New Zealand) over 10 years. We were interested in the influence of natural flow variation and temperature on native fish abundance within the context of potential competition/predation pressure from juvenile introduced trout. Results from biannual sampling highlighted the dominating influence of floods on fish population dynamics, overriding biotic effects. We found no evidence for adverse effects of trout on native fish, and flow-related habitat performed more poorly in explaining variation in fish abundance than low- and median-flow statistics. Differences in temporal variation in abundance between species were largely consistent with life histories that provide resistance and (or) resilience to flood flows and relative insensitivity to low flows. Long-term data (≥10 years) are needed for detecting meaningful trends and quantifying the effects of human activities on fish community abundance.

scholarly journals KEMAMPUAN HIDUP DAN TUMBUH IKAN KEMURING, Striuntius lineatus (Duncker, 1904) ASAL PULAU BANGKA PADA TAHAP AWAL DOMESTIKASI

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Wahyu Wahyu ◽  
Eva Prasetiyono
Keyword(s):  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Pca Analysis ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Absolute Length ◽  
Rearing Condition ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Relationship

Ikan kemuring, Striuntius lineatus (Duncker, 1904), merupakan salah satu ikan lokal yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi ikan hias. Ikan ini tergolong sulit didapatkan akibat rusaknya habitat oleh aktivitas manusia. Ikan ini merupakan ikan yang rentan stres dan mudah mengalami kematian. Domestikasi adalah salah satu upaya mencegah terjadinya kepunahan terhadap populasi spesies yang terancam siklus hidupnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kemampuan hidup dan performa pertumbuhan ikan kemuring dalam akuarium, serta mengetahui kualitas air yang mendukung pemeliharaan ikan kemuring. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Untuk melihat hubungan antara sintasan dengan kualitas air dianalisis menggunakan analisis PCA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan kemuring mampu hidup dan tumbuh pada wadah akuakultur. Nilai sintasan, pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, panjang mutlak, dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik masing-masing sebesar 93,33 ± 0,06%; 1,70 ± 0,31 g; 10,29 ± 1,02 mm; dan 0,96 ± 0,19% bobot tubuh/hari. Nilai suhu, pH, DO, TDS, TAN, dan kesadahan untuk pemeliharaan ikan kemuring didapatkan nilai masing-masing sebesar 28,72 ± 0,44°C; 6,28 ± 0,82; 5,81 ± 0,77 mg/L; 0,48 ± 0,16 mg/L; 2,50 ± 1,01 mg/L; dan 106,67 ± 55,73 mg/L. Berdasarkan analisis PCA, sintasan ikan kemuring di wadah pemeliharaan dipengaruhi oleh suhu, pH, DO, TAN, dan kesadahan.Lined barb is one of the local fish from Bangka Island that can be developed as a farmed ornamental fish. The fish is now rarely found in the wild due to its extensive habitat destruction by human activities. The fish is also relatively easy to get stressed and died. Domestication offers a solution to prevent the extinction of this fish population. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the survival and growth performance and determine the optimum rearing condition of lined barb in an aquarium setting. This research was carried out as an experimental study. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. The relationship between survival and water quality was determined using PCA analysis. The results showed that lined barbs were able to survive and grow in the aquaculture rearing media. The values of survival rate, absolute weight growth, absolute length, and specific growth rate were 93.33 ± 0.06%, 1.70 ± 0.31 g, 10.29 ± 1.02 mm, and 0.96 ± 0.19% body weight/day, respectively. The average values of temperature, pH, DO, TDS, TAN, and hardness were 28.72 ± 0.44°C, 6.28 ± 0.82, 5.81 ± 0.77 mg/L, 0.48 ± 0.16 mg/L, 2.50 ± 1.01 mg/L, 106.67 ± 55.73 mg/L, respectively. Based on the PCA analysis, the survival of lined barbs in aquaculture containers was influenced by temperature, pH, DO, TAN, and hardness of its rearing media.

scholarly journals Evolutionary response to size-selective mortality in an exploited fish population

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1613) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Swain ◽  
Alan F Sinclair ◽  
J Mark Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Selective Mortality ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Change In Mean

Many collapsed fish populations have failed to recover after a decade or more with little fishing. This may reflect evolutionary change in response to the highly selective mortality imposed by fisheries. Recent experimental work has demonstrated a rapid genetic change in growth rate in response to size-selective harvesting of laboratory fish populations. Here, we use a 30-year time-series of back-calculated lengths-at-age to test for a genetic response to size-selective mortality in the wild in a heavily exploited population of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ). Controlling for the effects of density- and temperature-dependent growth, the change in mean length of 4-year-old cod between offspring and their parental cohorts was positively correlated with the estimated selection differential experienced by the parental cohorts between this age and spawning. This result supports the hypothesis that there have been genetic changes in growth in this population in response to size-selective fishing. Such changes may account for the continued small size-at-age in this population despite good conditions for growth and little fishing for over a decade. This study highlights the need for management regimes that take into account the evolutionary consequences of fishing.

The structuring process of the macroparasite community of an experimental population of Cichlasoma urophthalmus through time

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Vidal-Martinez ◽  
C.R. Kennedy ◽  
M.L. Aguirre-Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Wild Population ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Predictable Pattern ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Cichlasoma Urophthalmus ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe structuring process of the macroparasite community of caged Cichlasoma urophthalmus was studied over time using sentinel fish. Three thousand uninfected cichlids were stocked in floating cages introduced into a quarry in which a wild population of the same species was present. Caged and wild cichlids were sampled monthly over 6 and 7 months, respectively. Seventeen macroparasite species were found in the wild C. urophthalmus population, ten of which were detected in the caged population after 6 months. Early infections were by those species that were more frequent and abundant in the wild population, while helminths with a low prevalence and abundance in the wild appeared later in the caged fish population. The results suggested that the structuring process of the macroparasite community of caged C. urophthalmus followed a predictable pattern, in which those species that were most frequent and abundant in the wild were the first to establish in sentinel fish.

scholarly journals Propagation of Rhamnus alnifolia and Rhamnus lanceolata by Seeds and Cuttings

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Jyotsna Sharma ◽  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Native Shrubs

Abstract Rhamnus alnifolia L'Her (Alderleaf Buckthorn) and Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh ssp. lanceolata (Lanceleaf Buckthorn) are native shrubs that are uncommon in the wild. Seed germination of both species and vegetative propagation of R. alnifolia was studied. Germination was low (≤ 13%) among moist-prechilled seeds of R. alnifolia collected in mid-season, but 48% germination was observed among seeds collected late in summer and moist-prechilled for 30 days. Nontreated seeds did not germinate, nor did seeds first scarified with sulfuric acid or hot water followed by moist-prechilling. Germination was ≤ 5% among seeds of R. lanceolata and occurred only after seeds were moist-prechilled for at least 90 days. Seedling survival among both species ranged from 90 to 100% and was not influenced by pregermination treatment. Rooting among softwood cuttings of R. alnifolia was 85% within 35 days after application of 3 g/kg (3000 ppm) or 8 g/kg (8000 ppm) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in talc. When IBA was applied in acetone solution at 3 and 8 g/liter (3000 and 8000 ppm), rooting was ≤ 15%. While 75% of the nontreated cuttings rooted, these cuttings had fewer roots than those treated with IBA. Rooting was more extensive in vermiculite compared to a medium of equal volumes of vermiculite and perlite. Talc-based IBA and vermiculite should be used to induce root formation on softwood stem cuttings of R. alnifolia. Both R. lanceolata and R. alnifolia can be propagated from moist-prechilled seeds, but Rhamnus lanceolata is recalcitrant and merits further assessment of drupe phenology, timing of seed collection, and barriers to germination.

scholarly journals Females facilitate male patch discovery in a wild fish population

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lysanne Snijders ◽  
Ralf H. J. M. Kurvers ◽  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Alan N. Tump ◽  
Indar W. Ramnarine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Adaptive Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Socially Responsive ◽  
Social Association

AbstractWhen individuals are more socially responsive to one sex than the other, the benefits they get from foraging socially are likely to depend on the sex composition of the social environment. We tested this hypothesis by performing experimental manipulations of guppy, Poecilia reticulata, sex compositions in the wild. Males found fewer novel food patches in the absence of females than in mixed-sex compositions, while female patch discovery did not differ between compositions. We argue that these results were driven by sex-dependent mechanisms of social association: Markov chain-based fission-fusion modeling revealed that males reduced sociality when females were absent, while less social individuals found fewer patches. Females were similarly social with or without males. Finally, males, but not females, preferred to join females over males at patches. Our findings reveal the relevance of considering how individual and population-level traits interact in shaping the adaptive value of social living in the wild.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of fish assemblages census on an artificial reef

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Brotto ◽  
Werther Krohling ◽  
Ilana R. Zalmon
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Fish Assemblage Structure ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
Interval Sampling

One of the main issues regarding artificial reef fish evaluation is the performance of an efficient visual census sampling. An experimental artificial reef made of four different types of concrete modules was implanted on the north coast of Rio de Janeiro (21º29'S, 41º00W). Two interval-sampling periods using a visual census method were performed in the summer of 2003 (N = 6) and 2004 (N = 6), weekly and daily, respectively. The longer interval-sampling period showed twice of species with eight exclusive ones. Total fish abundance was higher during the shorter interval-sampling period, due to the presence of large shoals of Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnaeus, 1766) and Haemulon aurolineatum (Cuvier, 1829) especially at the complex modules. Fish abundance according to vertical position and feeding habits in the two interval sampling-periods showed a clear association to the structural complex modules, reinforcing the shelter influence on local fish assemblage structure and composition. The second survey showed quite different diversity and taxonomic results and highlighted the impossibility of obtaining several independent samples in a short period.of time.

scholarly journals Biological Parameters of Blacksaddled Coralgrouper (Plectropomus laevis Lacepède, 1801) Eggs and Larvae

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Regina Melianawati ◽  
Bejo Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Total Length ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fin Spines ◽  
Pelvic Fin

Blacksaddled coralgrouper, Plectropomus laevis, is an endangered species of marine fish. As part of conserving their existence in the wild, culture of this species has been started. However, knowledge of biological parameters of this species as important indicators to observe the fish growth in mariculture scale, is limited. The purpose of this study was to observe biological parameters during eggs, larval to juvenile stage of blacksaddled coralgrouper in mariculture hatchery. The eggs were obtained from natural spawning of domesticated broodstocks. Larvae rearing was done in hatchery at three different times as replicates. Larval were fed with zooplankton which consist of rotifers Brachionus sp., wild copepods and Artemia. Artificial feed was also given to the fish larvae. Larval samples were taken one Day After Hatching (DAH), then continued every 5 days started at 5 to 45 DAH by using five larvae each sampling time. The observed parameters were diameter of eggs and oil globule, total length and standard length of larvae length of dorsal and pelvic fin spines of larvae. Furthermore, growth pattern of those length parameters was analysed by regression equation. The result showed that diameter of blacksaddled coralgrouper eggs was 835.19±15.29 µm, while oil globule was 177.78±10.30 µm. The growth patterns of larval total length and standard length were exponential, while dorsal and pelvic fin spines were polynomial. The length of time from larvae to achieve juvenile stage was range between 45-50 days. All of these information can be used as references either in larvae rearing or for further study of the fish.

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