scholarly journals Multilingual awareness and metacognition in multilingually diverse classrooms

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-88
Author(s):  
Ulrike Jessner ◽  
Elisabeth Allgäuer-Hackl
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Diverse Classrooms ◽  
Multilingual Learning ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship

Research interest in multilingual development and multilingual awareness (MLA) has been growing over the last years, and MLA has been defined as a key component of multilingual learning and multiple language use. The first part of the article focuses on the development of MLA in learners as a subcomponent of metacognition and a key factor of emergent properties in multilinguals as presented from a dynamic systems and complexity theory perspective in the Dynamic Model of Multilingualism (DMM) (Herdina and Jessner, 2002). The second part describes a DMM-based language teaching and learning approach, the Five Building Blocks of Holistic Language Education/Learning, which visualises the relationship between linguistic and cognitive processes and enables teachers and learners to reflect on language acquisition and use in order to develop MLA.

scholarly journals Task Based Learning (TBL) in EFL Classroom: from theory to practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Muhammad Badrus Sholeh ◽  
Sahril Nur ◽  
Kisman Salija
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Efl Teachers

Task-Based Learning (TBL) is one of the contemporary approaches, which has attracted a great deal of study in recent decades. It is a language education approach that offers students the opportunity to use authentic target language use by tasks. Task-Based Learning drives skill-based teaching and learning, engages students in the learning process, motivates and enhances student imagination. This paper focuses on some fundamental aspects of TBL in literature: (1) the task-based learning definition, (2) the task-based learning characteristics, (3) the task-based learning framework, (4) the task-based learning benefits, and (5) a proposed task-based learning practice for EFL learners. The paper gives useful suggestions to EFL teachers who have similar teaching strategies to help students meet such learning goals in their classrooms and continue positive TBL patterns in teaching and learning.

scholarly journals 1070 An Examination of the Relationship Between Language Use in Post-Trauma Nightmares and Psychological Sequelae in a Treatment Seeking Population

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A407-A408
Author(s):  
C Paquet ◽  
J Davis
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Ptsd Symptom ◽  
Emotion Words ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Studying language use in dreams and nightmares has become an increasingly used tool to understand underlying emotional and cognitive processes. Specifically, in regards to post-trauma nightmares (PTNMs), nightmare transcriptions can offer a lens to understand a survivor’s interpretation of their trauma. The current study will utilize a method of quantitative text analysis to analyze the relationship between specific psychological constructs and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and nightmare qualities. It is hypothesized that there will be a positive correlation between words related to perceptual processes and negative emotions in nightmares and PTSD symptom and nightmare severity. There will be a negative correlation between cognitive processes and positive emotion words, and PTSD symptom and nightmare severity. Methods Fifty-three nightmares were collected from participants that were recruited from the community in a Midwestern city as part of an ongoing investigation of the effectiveness of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention for PTNM, Exposure, Relaxation, and Rescripting Therapy (ERRT). All participants were over the age of 18, have experienced a criterion A trauma, and have nightmares at least once weekly. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) was utilized to analyze the nightmare transcriptions. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Trauma-related Nightmare Survey (TRNS) were used to measure symptom severity. A Pearson’s correlation analysis was used for this exploratory study. Results Words related to perceptual processes were significantly positively correlated with PTSD symptom and nightmare severity (p<.05) Neither negative nor positive emotion words were significantly related to PTSD and nightmare symptoms (p>.05). Cognitive processing words were significantly negatively correlated with PTSD and nightmare symptoms (p<.05). Conclusion The results of this study support the hypothesis that language use in nightmares reveals important information about underlying cognitive and emotional functioning. The results of this study may have an important impact on treatment considerations for those who have experienced trauma. Analyzing language use in PTNM may help to understand the etiology and maintenance of PTSD symptoms. Support Support for this study comes from the University of Tulsa Institute of Trauma, Adversity, and Injustice.

scholarly journals What is an image schema? Looking for an answer in Latvian and Mandarin Chinese

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 142-158
Author(s):  
Marija Nikolajeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Concept Image ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Concept Location ◽  
Semantic Frames ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
Functional Units ◽  
The Relationship

Image schema is one of the key notions in the discussions of the semantics of spatial adpositions. The diversity of related topics and the abundance of literature on these conceptual primitives makes the concept image schema difficult to grasp. The aim of this article is to clarify this notion by explicating on some important aspects of the schematization and representation of spatial scenes using the CONTAINMENT schema as an example. The article also demonstrates that the cross-linguistic comparison of an image schema is an effective method employed to better understand the universal cognitive processes underlying language use. The article contains a comparison of the spatial functional units that express the CONTAINMENT schema in Latvian and Mandarin Chinese, a discussion of the blurriness of the boundary between the concepts containment and support and their relation to the concept location. The relationship between image schemas and semantic frames, the factors that influence schematization and the phenomenon of parallel usage of locative units are discussed too. Image schema transformations are characterized as the mechanism of extending the meanings of spatial phrases.

scholarly journals The Role of Grit in Students’ L2 Engagement in the English as a Foreign Language Classroom

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the rapid development of teaching and learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL), on the one hand, and the arrival of positive psychology (PP) in the process of language education, on the other hand, student engagement has been burgeoned and got a noteworthy role in the academic field. The present review attempts to investigate the relationship of grit with students’ L2 engagement, by examining both backgrounds and consequences of grit. Consequently, the effectiveness of findings for policymakers and academic experts is discussed, along with the prominence of strengthening grit in the scholastic contexts in order to cultivate character in learners and improve their prospects.

Synoptic and dynamic analyses of classroom discourse

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Education Program ◽  
Classroom Discourse ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Dynamic Analyses ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Components

Abstract This paper explores the relationship between teachers’ theories of language and learning and the nature of classroom discourse. Through analysis of data collected from two year 3 classes, it is argued that there are three components functioning simultaneously in all lessons. These are the interpersonal, the content and the metalanguage components. The focus of the paper is on how the content and the metalanguage components are realized in the classroom discourse, and on the educational implications of the metalanguage component in particular. It is suggested that the quality of the metalanguage component has an impact on the overall quality of the language education program and that this impact derives from an appropriate theory of language use.

scholarly journals From Initial Education to Portuguese L1 Classroom: conceptions about teaching and learning grammar

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019-1043
Author(s):  
Adriana Cardoso ◽  
Susana Pereira ◽  
Teresa Leite ◽  
Encarnação Silva
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Classroom Practices ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Language Awareness ◽  
Grammar Teaching ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Conceptual Changes ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The goal of this paper is to discuss representations about grammar teaching of Portuguese L1 teachers. It draws on the exploratory study designed to identify the invariants and divergences in self-perceptions about L1 grammar teaching of trainees in different training situations: in-service teachers, pre-service teachers and bachelor’s students. The study focus on student’s and teacher’s acknowledgment of the Portuguese L1 Curriculum (Reis et al. 2009), which conveys a clear paradigm change in Portuguese language education, assuming that grammar teaching is based upon language awareness development. The results show an evident gap between students and teachers in what concerns the familiarity with the Portuguese L1 Curriculum and teaching strategies. However, some puzzling convergent points are the importance attributed to grammar and poor linguistics background. The results analysis draws attention to the relationship between teacher cognition and practice, highlighting fragilities in teacher education and potential conceptual changes that may lead to effective changes in classroom practices.

Neoliberalism, linguistic commodification, and ethnolinguistic identity in multilingual Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bal Krishna Sharma ◽  
Prem Phyak
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Language Preservation ◽  
Ethnolinguistic Identity ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Global Language

ABSTRACTThis article examines the consequences of neoliberalism in two separate domains of multilingual language use in the context of Nepal: language education and tourism. We show that institutions and individuals have appropriated and reproduced this ideology with their creative tactics, agency, and practices that both help them promote and commodify their ethnolinguistic identity and language skills while also allowing them to acquire multilingual repertoires in global languages such as English, German, Chinese, Japanese, and the indigenous local language Newari. We show that English as a global language does not always accord more cultural capital and economic value, nor is the teaching and learning of local indigenous languages always confined to the ideologies of identity politics and language preservation. We argue that while the ideologies of English as a global language and of indigenous languages as tools for ethnolinguistic identity do not disappear from the scene, new forces of globalization and neoliberalism bestow new meanings to multilingual repertoires and practices. (Neoliberalism, multilingualism, commodification, ethnolinguistic identity, Nepal)*

scholarly journals Language Use in Group Discourse and Its Relationship to Group Processes

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402110018
Author(s):  
Lyn M. Van Swol ◽  
Paul Hangsan Ahn ◽  
Andrew Prahl ◽  
Zhenxing Gong
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Group Processes ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Input Process ◽  
Process Output ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Relationship

The study examined the relationship between language use and perception of group processes. In an experiment, participants discussed their views about climate change in a group chat. Afterward, participants ( n = 239) filled out their perception of themselves and group processes. Participants who perceived more similarity among group members used less complex language (cognitive processes language) and more assenting language. As participants felt more knowledgeable and credible about the topic, their use of “we” pronouns and word count increased and use of “I” pronouns decreased. Replicating past research, participants with more extreme opinions used more “you” pronouns, and participants who reported engaging in more perspective-taking used more complex language and “we” pronouns. Results are integrated within an input–process–output model of group processes and suggest that language is reflective of individual inputs and perception of group processes.

scholarly journals A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Gender-Bound Language Use in Turkish and English Plays: Implications for Foreign Language Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Zubeyde Sinem Genc ◽  
Kıymet Selin Armagan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Tag Questions

The aim of the study is to investigate gender-bound language use in Turkish and English languages and to identify the differences and similarities across cultures and genders in the plays with family and social themes. Four English and five Turkish plays were chosen randomly for comparison. The number of words in the plays were taken into consideration for an accurate and balanced analysis. For this reason, the closeness of the number of words used by male and female characters in the plays were more important than the number of plays in total. The Turkish plays consisted of 6781 words and the English plays comprised 7091 words. Thus, in the plays considered as samples of language, a total of 13.872 words were studied with respect to the use of intensifiers, hedges and tag questions in two major groups: (1) cross gender & same culture, (2) same gender & cross culture, within the framework of Lakoff’s (1975) proposal concerning linguistic differences between males and females. A Pearson chi-square test was conducted on the quantitative data for all the analyses. The findings of the study showed that there were significant differences only in the use of hedges. No significant differences in the use of intensifiers and tag questions within the corpus under investigation were observed between the groups. This cross-cultural comparison on English and Turkish implies that Lakoff’s proposition regarding gender-bound language use needs further exploration. The study sheds light upon intercultural communication, and raises awareness and understanding of whether and how language use differs between different genders and cultures, which might be helpful for teachers and learners during the processes of teaching and learning English or Turkish as a foreign language. Furthermore, when the results of the study are considered from the point of intercultural communication, this investigation unveils the similarities and differences between English and Turkish languages in terms of use of intensifiers, hedges, and tag questions.

scholarly journals Teaching and Researching Computer-Assisted Language Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
Saieed Moslemi Nezhad Arani
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Computer Assisted Language Learning ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Key Factor

The prominence of technology has always been booming since computers generated new lanes for human to make use of high-tech for many different purposes. Utilizing computers for learning goals, among many, is one of the main concerns followed by educational issues in teaching and learning, especially, of a new language. Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is known as a branch of language studies which focuses on teaching and learning of a new language through applications of computers in language learning contexts. Many books, articles, reviews, and etc. being published regularly consider one or some issues related to the CALL. To this, researchers have tried to introduce or evaluate particular application of CALL in the mentioned field. Cameron (1988, p. 15) reasons that “The fact that there are so many different types of CALL programs in existence illustrates the futility of attempting to define a single set of program principles or structures to fit all situations.” Other subordinate technologies interconnected to the computerized exemplar have arrived the inclined in practice. For example, information communication technology (ICT) “has been integrated within the overall design of the methodology used in the language learning process is a key factor.” (Zhang, 2012, p. 8). Other similar well-intentioned works can be referred to as (Holland & Fisher, 2008; Donaldson & Haggstrom, 2006; Thomas, Reinders, & Warschauer, 2013) which consider discussions of series of actions taken as regards the CALL subject. Beatty’s “teaching and research in computer-assisted language learning” (2010) is considered as one of the most comprehensive books on defining and reorganizing concept of CALL into the language education. The following is a review based on Beatty’s book which is also highly recommended as for reading by the reviewer.

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