scholarly journals Scientific and methodological approaches to modeling the optimal strategy for increasing the competitiveness of pharmacy chains of different sizes

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Iryna Bondarieva ◽  
Volodymyr Malyi ◽  
Olga Posilkina ◽  
Zhanna Mala ◽  
Maryna Nessonova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Expert Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Hierarchical Clustering Methods ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The aim of the work is to develop scientific and methodological approaches to modelling the optimal strategy to increase the competitiveness of pharmacy chains (PC), which belong to different clusters. Materials and methods. The algorithm for determining the optimal strategy for increasing the competitiveness of PC for different clusters using the method of constructing a decision tree and cluster analysis is proposed. To solve this problem, an expert survey of more than 400 pharmacy managers, who were part of the PC of different sizes, was previously conducted. According to the results of an expert survey using hierarchical clustering methods based on the values of 13 input variables - scores of the strengths of the competitiveness of the PC, three clusters of networks were identified, each of which proposed its own algorithm for modelling the optimal strategy of competitiveness. Results. Using modern economic and mathematical tools, the distribution of PC depending on their size into clusters for modelling the dynamics of competitiveness is substantiated. Indicators are identified, which show a significant difference between clusters, which was taken into account in the process of modelling and selection of the optimal strategy to increase the competitiveness of PC. It is established that the biggest negative impact on the strategy of increasing the competitiveness of small networks has a slow response to changes in market conditions, the biggest positive impact – the availability of additional services in the networks; for medium PC the most important factors influencing the level of competitiveness are the location of pharmacies and competent management; for large PC – the use of modern automated management programs, the level of efficiency of the marketing complex and location features. The algorithm of the generalized model of “decision tree” for a choice of optimum strategy of increase of competitiveness depending on the size of PC is constructed. It was found that the following factors are of the greatest importance: the size of the PC, the use of the discount card system, and the least - the speed of response to market changes and the stability of the financial condition. Conclusions. The proposed generalized mathematical model of the “decision tree” allows a reasonable approach to choosing the optimal strategy to increase the competitiveness of PC depending on its size. The assessment of the importance of predictor variables for each cluster of PC allows determining the priority factors in the implementation of measures aimed at implementing the chosen strategy to increase competitiveness

scholarly journals Business diversification of coal mining companies as a strategy facing coal price volatility

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Gusnawan Adi Putra ◽  
Sri Mulyantini ◽  
Dianwicaksih Arieftiara
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Coal Price ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to determine the effect of business diversification on stock prices by mediating company performance, represented by the variable ROE and EPS in a fluctuating coal price situation. The data used are 16 companies engaged in coal mining in Indonesia and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2012 to 2019. Using two analysis methods: path analysis to examine direct and indirect relationships between variables and different tests to see differences in the performance of companies that diversify and do not diversify. The results showed that coal commodity prices had a significant positive effect on stock prices and indirectly, through ROE and EPS, had a significant positive impact on stock prices. Business diversification directly has a significant negative impact on stock prices and indirectly through EPS positively affects stock prices. Business diversification provides a substantial difference to EPS and does not provide a significant difference to ROE.

scholarly journals Does Growing Economy And Better Governance Impede Banking Efficiency? A DEA Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2213
Author(s):  
Ramiz Ur Rehman ◽  
Junrui Zhang ◽  
Rizwan Ali ◽  
Abdul Qadeer
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Growing Economy ◽  
The Impact

The paper estimates the efficiencies of Pakistani banking sector from 1998-2009. The analysis is further extended and regressed estimated banking efficiencies by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), with macro-economic indicators and corporate governance variables of the banking sector. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the impact of overall economic conditions of a country and corporate governance practices on banking efficiencies. The results suggest that the corporate governance practices, like, board size, board independence have positive impact on overall banking sector efficiencies of Pakistan. Also, the GPD growth and interest rates have positive and negative impact on banking efficiencies respectively. The study has not found any significant difference in banking efficiencies of state-owned, private and foreign banks of Pakistan. 

scholarly journals Does Corporate Social Responsibility Vary by Real Estate Asset Types? Evidence from Real Estate Investment Trusts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12836
Author(s):  
Jian Liang ◽  
Ameeta Jain ◽  
Hao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Real Estate Investment Trusts ◽  
Real Estate Investment ◽  
Investment Trusts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corporate Social

This paper investigates how real estate investment trusts’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) (REITs) varies by two intrinsic firm factors: real estate asset types and REITs’ financial aspirations. We develop a conceptual model to demonstrate the theoretical role of these intrinsic firm factors in moderating CSR. Using a database containing the Morgan Stanley Capital International CSR rating index, we test REITs from 19 countries for variations of their CSR performance across each of the three pillars of CSR: environment, social, and governance (ES&G) by real estate asset types from 2009 to 2016. The results show that REITs focusing on less market-transparent real assets relying heavily on intensive human-based services and physical capital in property management like hotels and hospitals exhibit a poorer performance in environmental responsibility, social responsibility, and overall CSR score. We found no significant difference between the REITs in their governance responsibility with respect to the real estate asset types. We found that moderation by financial aspiration in establishing their CSR strategies varies by the types of real estate asset that REITs focus on, with the maximum positive impact on REITS with hotel holdings and negative impact on REITs with office and retail assets.

scholarly journals Improvements in Sleep Quality and Duration Following a Meditation Retreat: an Open-Trial Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Kanchibhotla ◽  
Sheel Galada Parekh ◽  
Prateek Harsora ◽  
Shashank Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Open Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meditation Retreat

Abstract Purpose Disturbed sleep and other sleep-related problems have a negative impact on the human mind and body. Meditation practices are reported to improve physiological functions and might also have a positive impact on regulating sleep. This research investigates the efficacy of an advanced mind–body medicine intervention, called Hollow and Empty Meditation (HEM), on improving sleep quality. Methods The study was a single-arm open-trial pilot study which assessed 413 adults who underwent a 4-day meditation retreat offered by the Art of Living, called the Advanced Meditation Program (AMP), and experienced a novel meditation—HEM. Results were measured using a self-report questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which was administered to the participants thrice: on the first day of the program (pre-intervention), immediately after program (post-intervention/Day 4), and on Day 40 (D40) after the program. Results There was a significant difference in pre–post and pre–D40 scores in the population. Both sleep quality and sleep duration showed an improvement immediately after the AMP (post), and the residual impact was still experienced at D40, especially with the group with age > 36 years. Conclusions The use of HEM resulted in improvement in sleep quality not just immediately after the program, but had longer-term effects that extended over several weeks, helping remediate sleep problems among younger adults as well as older ones. It resulted in improvement in sleep quality as well as reduction in sleep-related daytime impairment, which have substantial constructive implications for well-being, everyday functioning and quality of life.

scholarly journals Mathematical Analysis of Application of a Three-Dimensional Printing Fixator in the Fracture of Multiple Ribs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zhigong Zhang ◽  
Jinsong Yang ◽  
Haoyu Zou ◽  
Wen Wang ◽  
Xiangyi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Incision Length ◽  
Significant Difference

Data were obtained from 66 clinical patients. The patients were divided into a non-3D printing group (control group) and a 3D printing group (intervention group) in a 1 : 1 ratio, with 33 patients in each group. The information including gender, age, incision length, number of surgical roots, bleeding volume, operation time, and intraoperative blood transfusion was collected for SPSS analysis. The results showed the following: (1) The paired t-test was used to test the difference of experimental data. There was a significant difference of 0.01 between the incision length/surgical root number in the intervention group and the incision length/surgical root number in the control group. The incision length/surgical root number in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group. (2) Surgical time, intraoperative blood transfusion, age, and incision length/surgical root number in the intervention group had a significant positive impact on the amount of bleeding. Gender did not affect the amount of bleeding. (3) A total of 1 item of operation time in the intervention group had a significant positive impact on intraoperative blood transfusion. (4) The incision length/number of surgical roots in the intervention group had a noteworthy negative impact on blood transfusion during the operation.

Automated Development of Clinical Strategies Using Multistage Decision Analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glasziou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Tree ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Decision Trees ◽  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Cholestatic Jaundice ◽  
Clinical Strategies ◽  
Simultaneous Study

SummaryThe development of investigative strategies by decision analysis has been achieved by explicitly drawing the decision tree, either by hand or on computer. This paper discusses the feasibility of automatically generating and analysing decision trees from a description of the investigations and the treatment problem. The investigation of cholestatic jaundice is used to illustrate the technique.Methods to decrease the number of calculations required are presented. It is shown that this method makes practical the simultaneous study of at least half a dozen investigations. However, some new problems arise due to the possible complexity of the resulting optimal strategy. If protocol errors and delays due to testing are considered, simpler strategies become desirable. Generation and assessment of these simpler strategies are discussed with examples.

The performance of Islamic banking among the commercial banks in Malaysia

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Samsuwatd Zuha Mohd Abbas ◽  
Norli Ali ◽  
Aminah Mohd Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Bank Performance ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Accounting Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

This paper examines the accounting performance of the Islamic banking among (??) commercial banks in Malaysia. A total of 18 commercial banks which include 4 Islamic banks are selected as samples covering the period of 2000 - 2006. Accounting performance is measured by the return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The objective of the study is (1) to determine whether Islamic banking performance is at par with the conventional banking and (2) to investigate whether the type (Islamic or conventional bank) and age of bank influence the performance. Result of the independence t-test of the study shows that there is no significant difference in the performance of the Islamic and the conventional banking in Malaysia although the mean score for conventional banking is higher. The regression results show that the age of banks has a positive impact on the bank performance where as none of the types of banks influence performance.

TURN-OVER GURU PADA MADRASAH ALIYAH NAHDLATUL ULAMA

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Iskarim
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
New Teacher ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama ◽  
Turn Over ◽  
Interview Questionnaire ◽  
Collection Methods

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui dampak positif dan negatif dari adanya pergantian (turn-over) guru di Madrasah Aliyah Nahdlatul Ulama Banyuputih kabupaten Batang. Penelitian inimenggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif analitis dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara mendalam, angket, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya turn-over yang tinggi pada guru atau pendidik di madrasah tersebut; keuntungan yang bersifat positif justru didapatkan ketika adanya turn-over guru dibandingkan dampak negatifnya; dan kehadiran guru baru menjadi hal yang sangat disukai oleh siswa dalam hal kreativitas, inovasi pembelajaran, motivasi, dan lain sebagainya.The aims of this research were to know the positive and negative impact of teacher turn over at Madrasah Aliyah Nahdlatul Ulama Banyuputih Kabupaten Batang. This research was use analytical descriptive qualitative approach with depth interview, questionnaire and documentation as data collection methods. The results of this research shows that the positive impact occur more than the negative impact when there was teacher turn over; and the presence of a new teacher become student’s favourite on creativity, learning innovation, and motivation aspects.

Comparison of Time spent between an electronic and a paper-based laboratory information system by laboratorians at a polyclinic in Greater Accra, Ghana: A time-motion study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Laboratory Information System ◽  
Time Motion ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Motion Studies

The acceptance of electronic laboratory information system (LIS) is gradually increasing in developing countries. However, the issue of time effectiveness due to computerization is less clear as there is fewer accessible information. One of the key issues for laboratorians is their indecision with LISs’ would-be effect of time on their work. A polyclinic in Ghana was in the process of implementing electronic LIS. Several of the laboratorians did not have knowledge and skill in computing and there were disagreeing views on the time effectiveness of the LIS after implementation. The management of the polyclinic laboratory was concerned to assess time advantageousness of recording data when using the electronic LIS compared with paper-based LIS. <div><br></div><div>Five randomly selected laboratorians were provided two sheets of paper with tables to document the time they spent for both paper-based and electronic LIS. Data were collected for a total of 230 records,115 electronic LIS and 115 paper-based LIS. The t-test (mean-comparison test) was computed to compare the means of both electronic and paperbased LIS times. </div><div><br></div><div>There was a statistical significant difference in the time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. The time spent between paper-based and electronic LIS was 0.41 minutes (95% CI 0.15 to 0.66) longer than in electronic LIS. </div><div><br></div><div>LIS can be adopted in polyclinics without having significant negative impact on time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. More time–motion studies that include laboratorians are however necessary in order to get a more complete picture of time spent between electronic and paper-based LIS. </div>

Introduction of intraoperative neuromonitoring does not necessarily improve overall long-term outcome in elective aneurysm clipping

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 1188-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Greve ◽  
Veit M. Stoecklein ◽  
Franziska Dorn ◽  
Sophia Laskowski ◽  
Niklas Thon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVEIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IOM), particularly of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEPs) and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), evolved as standard of care in a variety of neurosurgical procedures. Case series report a positive impact of IOM for elective microsurgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (ECUIA), whereas systematic evaluation of its predictive value is lacking. Therefore, the authors analyzed the neurological outcome of patients undergoing ECUIA before and after IOM introduction to this procedure.METHODSThe dates of inclusion in the study were 2007–2014. In this period, ECUIA procedures before (n = 136, NIOM-group; 2007–2010) and after introduction of IOM (n = 138, IOM-group; 2011–2014) were included. The cutoff value for SSEP/MEP abnormality was chosen as an amplitude reduction ≥ 50%. SSEP/MEP changes were correlated with neurological outcome. IOM-undetectable deficits (bulbar, vision, ataxia) were not included in risk stratification.RESULTSThere was no significant difference in sex distribution, follow-up period, subarachnoid hemorrhage risk factors, aneurysm diameter, complexity, and location. Age was higher in the IOM-group (57 vs 54 years, p = 0.012). In the IOM group, there were 18 new postoperative deficits (13.0%, 5.8% permanent), 9 hemisyndromes, 2 comas, 4 bulbar symptoms, and 3 visual deficits. In the NIOM group there were 18 new deficits (13.2%; 7.3% permanent, including 7 hemisyndromes). The groups did not significantly differ in the number or nature of postoperative deficits, nor in their recovery rate. In the IOM group, SSEPs and MEPs were available in 99% of cases. Significant changes were noted in 18 cases, 4 of which exhibited postoperative hemisyndrome, and 1 suffered from prolonged comatose state (5 true-positive cases). Twelve patients showed no new detectable deficits (false positives), however 2 of these cases showed asymptomatic infarction. Five patients with new hemisyndrome and 1 comatose patient did not show significant SSEP/MEP alterations (false negatives). Overall sensitivity of SSEP/MEP monitoring was 45.5%, specificity 89.8%, positive predictive value 27.8%, and negative predictive value 95.0%.CONCLUSIONSThe assumed positive impact of introducing SSEP/MEP monitoring on overall neurological outcome in ECUIA did not reach significance. This study suggests that from a medicolegal point of view, IOM is not stringently required in all neurovascular procedures. However, future studies should carefully address high-risk patients with complex procedures who might benefit more clearly from IOM than others.

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