Naphthalene degradation by bacterial strain VTPG5 Isolated from oil-contaminated sediment samples collected in Baria - Vungtau

Naphthalene is one of the polycylclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which cause environmental pollution leading to mutation and cancer to human. To transform and degrade naphthalene, a number of bioremediation approaches have been investigated. The fact that bacteria can utilize naphthalene as the sole source of carbon and energy was considered as high potential method to remove naphthalene. In this research, our purpose was to find highly degrading-naphthalene bacterial strains to apply in naphthalene removal from oil-polluted sites. Three bacterial strains which could well grow on naphthalene were isolated from oil contaminated sediment samples taken from coastal zones in Baria – Vungtau province. Among them, the Rhodococcus sp. VTPG5 was demonstrated to the best aromatic hydrocarbon degrader then it was selected for further investigation. The VTPG5 strain could grow with the concentration of 200 ppm and the best concentration for degrading capacity was 150 ppm. The optimal physio-chemical conditions for growth of VTPG5 were estimated at 37oC, pH 7 and concentration of NaCl 2.5% after 7 day-incubation. Using these conditions to incubation the VTPG5, by HPLC analysis it was confirmed that 99.9 % of naphthalene was degraded by VTPG5 strain with the initial concentration of 150 ppm after 7 days. The result may lead to the use of this strain in bioremediation technology to treat naphthalene and other PAH components containing in oil-polluted sediment samples.

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Identification of a Novel Metabolite in the Degradation of Pyrene by Mycobacterium sp. Strain AP1: Actions of the Isolate on Two- and Three-Ring Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.67.12.5497-5505.2001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 5497-5505 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

Joaquim Vila ◽

Zaira López ◽

Jordi Sabaté ◽

Cristina Minguillón ◽

Anna M. Solanas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Carboxylic Acid ◽

Dicarboxylic Acid ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Environmental Fate ◽

Sole Source ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Insight Into

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium sp. strain AP1 grew with pyrene as a sole source of carbon and energy. The identification of metabolites accumulating during growth suggests that this strain initiates its attack on pyrene by either monooxygenation or dioxygenation at its C-4, C-5 positions to give trans- orcis-4,5-dihydroxy-4,5-dihydropyrene, respectively. Dehydrogenation of the latter, ortho cleavage of the resulting diol to form phenanthrene 4,5-dicarboxylic acid, and subsequent decarboxylation to phenanthrene 4-carboxylic acid lead to degradation of the phenanthrene 4-carboxylic acid via phthalate. A novel metabolite identified as 6,6′-dihydroxy-2,2′-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid demonstrates a new branch in the pathway that involves the cleavage of both central rings of pyrene. In addition to pyrene, strain AP1 utilized hexadecane, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene for growth. Pyrene-grown cells oxidized the methylenic groups of fluorene and acenaphthene and catalyzed the dihydroxylation andortho cleavage of one of the rings of naphthalene and phenanthrene to give 2-carboxycinnamic and diphenic acids, respectively. The catabolic versatility of strain AP1 and its use ofortho cleavage mechanisms during the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) give new insight into the role that pyrene-degrading bacterial strains may play in the environmental fate of PAH mixtures.

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Cross hybridization of plasmid and genomic DNA from aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m91-160 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 924-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. M. Foght ◽

D. W. S. Westlake

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Genomic Dna ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Cross Hybridization ◽

Pah Degradation ◽

Naphthalene Degradation ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Wide Range ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Forty-three bacterial strains were collected from various environmental and commercial sources and their ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was confirmed using the criteria of growth, mineralization, and oxidation. Undigested genomic DNA from these strains was blotted by Southern transfer to replicate membranes, which were probed either with purified plasmids (e.g., TOL and NAH7, associated with toluene and naphthalene degradation, respectively) or with genomic DNA from the other strains. The isolates were grouped according to hybridization and PAH-degradation results. One group of eight strains grew on naphthalene vapors as sole carbon source and hybridized with archetypical NAH plasmids. Another group of six isolates mineralized phenanthrene but could not grow on naphthalene, and their cryptic plasmids hybridized with Pseudomonas sp. HL7b, which degrades a wide range of PAHs. The remaining isolates, which could not grow on naphthalene but mineralized and (or) oxidized a variety of PAHs, hybridized with neither the pure plasmids nor heterologous genomic DNA, implying that their PAH-degradative genes were significantly dissimilar. This suggests that using TOL or NAH plasmids to probe an environmental population might reveal toluene- or naphthalene-degradative genes but would underestimate the occurrence of PAH-degradative genes. We suggest that a suite of probes would be necessary to evaluate the PAH-degradation potential of a mixed population. Key words: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, degradative plasmids, NAH plasmid, TOL plasmid, hybridization.

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Biodegradation of selected hydrocarbons by novel bacterial strains isolated from contaminated Arabian Gulf sediment

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78733-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Assad Ahmed Al-Thukair ◽

Karim Malik ◽

Alexis Nzila

Keyword(s):

Proteus Mirabilis ◽

Arabian Gulf ◽

Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽

Contaminated Sediment ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Temperature Conditions ◽

Naphthalene Degradation ◽

Brevibacillus Brevis ◽

Novel Bacteria

AbstractThree strains of novel bacteria were isolated from oil-contaminated sediment from the Arabian Gulf (Brevibacillus brevis T2C2008, Proteus mirabilis T2A12001, and Rhodococcus quinshengi TA13008). The isolated strains were tested for their degrading efficacy of low and high molecular hydrocarbon (naphthalene and pyrene). The efficacy of the two-hydrocarbon degradation by the isolates bacterial was determined at a temperature of 25 °C and 37 °C and pH of 5.0 and 9.0. In inoculated media at 37 °C, Rhodococcus qinshengi fully metabolized naphthalene and degrade 56% of pyrene. Brevibacillus brevis break down over 80% of naphthalene at room temperatures (25 °C). However, it was found that P. mirabilis and R. qinshengi biodegraded nearly 94% of naphthalene in the incubated media. The capacity for pyrene and naphthalene degradation in varying pH and temperature conditions was shown to be significant in Rhodococcus qinshengi because of its mineralization exceeding 50% across the tested pH and temperature. This implies that the isolated strains are ideal for biodegradation of contaminated sediment with naphthalene and pyrene.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments of the Brisbane River (Australia) – Preliminary Results

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1989.0044 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 161-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. I. Kayal ◽

D. W. Connell

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

River Estuary ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weight Basis ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Treated Sewage ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Petroleum Refineries

Results of the analysis of twenty-three composite sediment samples revealed that PAHs are widely distributed in the Brisbane River estuary. Mean concentrations for individual compounds, on a dry weight basis, ranged from 0.03 µg/g for dibenz [ah] anthracene to 2.34 µg/g for fluoranthene. Observed PAH assemblages were rich in compounds having pyrolytic origins. However, the presence of petroleum derived compounds was indicative of the importance of petroleum as a PAH source in the estuary. Petroleum refineries, a coal loading terminal and a major treated sewage outfall located at the mouth were not indicated as major contributing sources of PAH pollution in the estuary.

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QuEChERS with ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoacint/qsab023 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ling Wu ◽

Qiurong He ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Yongxin Li ◽

Weiqing Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

High Performance ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Abstract Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have attracted worldwide attention due to their carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects, environmental persistence and bioaccumulation characteristics. Therefore, the sensitive, reliable and rapid detection of PAHs in sediment is of great importance. Objective To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence and ultraviolet detection after QuEChERS treatment for simultaneous determination of 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs in sediment samples. Methods The samples were ultrasonically extracted with acetone and then the supernatant was purified with a modified QuEChERS method. After centrifugation, the supernatant was injected into the HPLC system for analysis. The separation was accomplished on a ZORBAX Eclipse PAH column (150 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) and the column temperature was set at 30 °C. The flow rate of the mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile in gradient elution mode was fixed at 0.9 mL/min. Detection was conducted on an ultraviolet detector and a fluorescence detector simultaneously. The qualitative analysis was based on retention time and the quantification was based on standard curves. Results Under the optimal conditions, this method showed good linearities in the range of 10–200 μg/L with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9993. The method had the limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.00108 to 0.314 ng/g. The mean recoveries ranged from 78.4 to 117% with the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.592–10.7 and 1.01–13.0%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of 16 PAHs in sediment samples collected from the Funan River in Chengdu, China with the total contents of 431 to 2143 ng/g·dw. Conclusions The established method is simple, rapid, environment-friendly and cost- effective. It can be applied to the analysis of 16 PAHs in sediment samples. Highlights A method of QuEChERS with ultrasound-assisted extraction combined with HPLC has been established for the analysis of 16 PAHs in sediment samples and the proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis PAHs in real sediment samples.

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Origin of Life on Mars: Suitability and Opportunities

Life ◽

10.3390/life11060539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 539

Author(s):

Benton C. Clark ◽

Vera M. Kolb ◽

Andrew Steele ◽

Christopher H. House ◽

Nina L. Lanza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Origin Of Life ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Early Earth ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Life On Mars ◽

Eventual Return ◽

History Of ◽

Early Mars ◽

Chemical Conditions ◽

Physical And Chemical

Although the habitability of early Mars is now well established, its suitability for conditions favorable to an independent origin of life (OoL) has been less certain. With continued exploration, evidence has mounted for a widespread diversity of physical and chemical conditions on Mars that mimic those variously hypothesized as settings in which life first arose on Earth. Mars has also provided water, energy sources, CHNOPS elements, critical catalytic transition metal elements, as well as B, Mg, Ca, Na and K, all of which are elements associated with life as we know it. With its highly favorable sulfur abundance and land/ocean ratio, early wet Mars remains a prime candidate for its own OoL, in many respects superior to Earth. The relatively well-preserved ancient surface of planet Mars helps inform the range of possible analogous conditions during the now-obliterated history of early Earth. Continued exploration of Mars also contributes to the understanding of the opportunities for settings enabling an OoL on exoplanets. Favoring geochemical sediment samples for eventual return to Earth will enhance assessments of the likelihood of a Martian OoL.

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Bioremediation perspective of historically contaminated sediment with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

International Journal of Sediment Research ◽

10.1016/j.ijsrc.2020.11.004 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Snežana Maletić ◽

Jelena Beljin ◽

Dragana Tamindžija ◽

Marko Grgić ◽

Jelena Molnar Jazić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Contaminated Sediment ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

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Using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to determine post-wildfire contamination and sediment sources in a large watershed in central British Columbia, Canada

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10491 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristen Kieta ◽

Philip Owens ◽

Ellen Petticrew

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Large Scale ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Burned Areas ◽

Total Pahs ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

The Impact

<p>The Nechako River Basin (NRB) in central British Columbia is a large (52,000 km<sup>2</sup>), regulated basin that supports populations of sockeye and chinook salmon and the endangered Nechako white sturgeon. These important species are experiencing population declines and one potential cause of this decline is excess sediment, which can clog their spawning habitat and reduce juvenile success. This excess sediment is likely the product of a combination of factors, the most visible being the significant land cover changes that have occurred in the basin, which includes pressure from forestry and agriculture, the Mountain Pine Beetle epidemic, and large-scale wildfires in 2018. Focusing specifically on the impact of the 2018 wildfires on sediment transport from upland burned areas to adjacent waterways, this research aimed to determine the spatial and temporal contamination of tributaries and the mainstem of the Nechako River with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are produced during the combustion of organic matter and have been identified as toxic to aquatic organisms and to humans. Additionally, this study intended to determine if burned areas were a more significant contributor of sediment than unburned areas and better understand the utility of PAHs as a potential tracer. Source soil samples were collected in 2018 and 2020 from burned and unburned sites, and suspended sediment samples were collected throughout the ice-free period from 2018-2020 in three tributaries and three mainstem sites. All samples were analysed for PAHs, magnetic susceptibility, colour, and particle size. Results from the fall 2018 source samples show a significant difference in PAH concentrations between unburned and burned soils, and while concentrations of PAHs in source soils in 2020 were lower than in 2018, they were still elevated compared to unburned soils. Sediment samples showed that concentrations of total PAHs are higher in the mainstem sites than in the tributaries, with the greatest concentrations consistently found at the most downstream site on the mainstem of the Nechako River. Concentrations across sites were highest in samples taken during the spring snowmelt period in 2019, have decreased throughout the rest of the sampling period (2019-2020), and are well below sediment quality guidelines for total PAHs. In addition to determining the spatial and temporal extent of PAH contamination, this study also aims to use PAHs along with colour and measurements of magnetic susceptibility to trace sediments associated with the 2018 wildfires. The high cost of PAH analysis limits the number of samples that can be analysed and thus, these additional tracers will allow for the use of models such as MixSIAR that improve with a more robust number of samples. As large-scale megafires continue to burn across the globe, understanding their potential to contribute PAHs to local waterbodies and potentially be used as a tracer is as prescient as ever.</p>

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Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Moderately Halophilic Bacteria from Luzon Salt Beds

Journal of Health and Pollution ◽

10.5696/2156-9614-8.19.180915 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (19) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carolyn L. Nanca ◽

Kimberly D. Neri ◽

Anna Christina R. Ngo ◽

Reuel M. Bennett ◽

Gina R. Dedeles

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Halophilic Bacteria ◽

Sole Source ◽

The Philippines ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

Background. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental contaminants which are highly toxic due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. They are released into the environment by incomplete combustion of solid and liquid fuels, accidental spillage of oils and seepage from industrial activities. One of the promising processes mitigating PAHs is through biodegradation. However, conventional microbiological treatment processes do not function well at high salt concentrations. Hence, utilization of halophilic bacteria should be considered. Objectives. This study aimed to assess the ability of halophilic bacteria isolated from local salt beds in Pangasinan and Cavite, the Philippines, to degrade PAHs pyrene, fluorene and fluoranthene. Methods. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-tolerant halophilic bacteria collected from two sampling sites were phenotypically characterized, molecularly identified and tested to determine their potential to degrade the PAHs pyrene, fluorene and fluoranthene at a hypersaline condition. Best PAH degraders were then assayed to identify the optimal degradation using such parameters as pH, temperature and PAH concentration. Testing for enzyme degradation was also done to determine their baseline information. Extraction and analysis of degraded PAHs were performed using centrifugation and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Results. Twelve isolates from both collection sites tolerated and grew in culture with selected PAHs. These were identified into four genera (Halobacillus, Halomonas, Chromohalobacter, and Pontibacillus). Selected best isolates in a series of biodegradation assays with the above-mentioned parameters were Halobacillus B (Collection of Microbial Strains (CMS) 1802) (=trueperi) (Gram-positive) for pyrene and fluoranthene, and Halomonas A (CMS 1901) (Gram-negative) for fluorene. Degrader biomass and PAH degradation were invariably negatively correlated. Qualitative tests with and without peptone as a nitrogen source implied enzymatic degradation. Discussion. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons utilized by these halophilic bacteria served as a sole source of carbon and energy. Implications of biodegradation of the two best isolates show that high molecular weight (HMW) (4-ring) pyrene tends to be degraded better by Gram-positive bacteria and low molecular weight (3-ring) fluorene by Gram-negative degraders. Conclusions. Halophilic bacteria constitute an untapped natural resource for biotechnology in the Philippines. The present study demonstrated their potential use in bioremediation of recalcitrant hydrocarbons in the environment. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Grain size distribution of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in silt trap sediments from the combined sewer network of Paris (France)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0067 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 111-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Moilleron ◽

J. Perez ◽

S. Garnaud

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Grain Size ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Grain Size Distribution ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Sediment Samples ◽

Sewer Network ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic

For three years (2001–2003), sediment samples were extracted from about 100 silt traps (STs) spread out all over the combined sewer network of Paris. These STs, whose volume varied from 21 to 325 m3, were cleaned out as soon as their filling capacities were reached. All these sediment samples were analysed for physicochemical parameters (pH, organic matter (OM) content, grain size distribution), total hydrocarbons (THs), 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) selected from the priority list of the US-EPA, and heavy metals (Al, Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Sn, Fe, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn). For each silt trap, six sediment samples were extracted before the clean out procedure: three samples were extracted from the sediment surface (5–10 cm depth) and three other samples were extracted from a deeper sediment layer (approximately at 1 m depth). The location of these sampling points allowed us to take into account the possible spatial fluctuation of pollutant loads in each ST. The first results showed that there were some important inter-site variations of pollutant contents. These variations have to be taken into account by the sewer manager for the fate of the ST sediments. Therefore, we decided to assess the grain size distribution of some pollutants. OM, heavy metals and PAHs have been investigated on the five grain size fractions (>20 mm, 8–20 mm, 0.5–8 mm, 50–500 μm, <50 μm) for 9 STs, which have been selected on their heavy metal content basis. This work aims at understanding the distribution of the pollutant contents and at improving the knowledge of the ST sediment pollution.

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