scholarly journals Transient expression of gene encoding ZmLEA14A protein in Nicotiana benthamiana plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
Ha Hong Hanh ◽  
Le Thi Thu Hien ◽  
Huynh Thi Thu Hue
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
Lea Protein ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
The World ◽  
Infiltration Method

LEA protein family includes proteins accumulated in the late stage of embryogenesis and in vegetative tissues of stress-confronted plant. These proteins have been demontrated to play a major role in plant response to abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity stress. The genes coding for LEA proteins in maize are divided into 9 groups including LEA 1, LEA 2, LEA 3, LEA 4, LEA 5, LEA 6, SMP, dehydrin, and AtM. The application of LEA genes to improve drought tolerance for plants by genetic engineering has also been studied extensively all over the world. In this study, pCAM/35S-ZmLEA14A-35S vector and pCAM/Ubi-ZmLEA14A-35S vector contained the ZmLEA14A gene isolated from Te vang 1, these vectors were used to transient express into Nicotiana benthamiana tobacco leaves by agro-infiltration method. The results of immunoassay between cmyc specific antibodies with proteins from infected leaves revealed the expression of recombinant ZmLEA14A protein in N. benthamiana leaves. Thereby, two constructs habouring the ZmLEA14A gene work at transcription and translation levels in the model plant that could harnessed for stable transformation in plants.

scholarly journals Consequences and Mitigation Strategies of Abiotic Stresses in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the Changing Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Sagar Maitra ◽  
M. Ashraful Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Or Gene

Wheat is one of the world’s most commonly consumed cereal grains. During abiotic stresses, the physiological and biochemical alterations in the cells reduce growth and development of plants that ultimately decrease the yield of wheat. Therefore, novel approaches are needed for sustainable wheat production under the changing climate to ensure food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing population of the world. There are two ways to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in sustainable wheat production. These are (i) development of abiotic stress tolerant wheat cultivars by molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas toolkit, and (ii) application of improved agronomic, nano-based agricultural technology, and other climate-smart agricultural technologies. The development of stress-tolerant wheat cultivars by mobilizing global biodiversity and using molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as CRISPR-Cas toolkit is considered the most promising ways for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate in major wheat-growing regions of the world. This comprehensive review updates the adverse effects of major abiotic stresses and discusses the potentials of some novel approaches such as molecular breeding, biotechnology and genetic-engineering, speed breeding, nanotechnology, and improved agronomic practices for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate.

Redesigning Life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Parrington
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Synthetic Organisms ◽  
The Way

We can now edit genomes. The technique, which involves cutting and pasting DNA code into the genome, is faster and cheaper than traditional genetic engineering and can be used on almost any animal or plant. What will this technology mean for the future? It may pave the way to banishing many diseases, and help feed the burgeoning population of the world. Woolly mammoths may again roam the tundra. But are there also risks? Might a nightmarish world of bioterrorism and rogue synthetic organisms await? John Parrington reports on the astonishing revolution underway in genetic engineering and why it matters to us all.

scholarly journals Real-time SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and variants tracking over multiple candidates using nanopore DNA sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
François Stüder ◽  
Jean-Louis Petit ◽  
Stefan Engelen ◽  
Marco Antonio Mendoza-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Receptor Recognition ◽  
Nanopore Dna Sequencing ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractSince December 2019, a novel coronavirus responsible for a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is accountable for a major pandemic situation. The emergence of the B.1.1.7 strain, as a highly transmissible variant has accelerated the world-wide interest in tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants’ occurrence. Similarly, other extremely infectious variants, were described and further others are expected to be discovered due to the long period of time on which the pandemic situation is lasting. All described SARS-CoV-2 variants present several mutations within the gene encoding the Spike protein, involved in host receptor recognition and entry into the cell. Hence, instead of sequencing the whole viral genome for variants’ tracking, herein we propose to focus on the SPIKE region to increase the number of candidate samples to screen at once; an essential aspect to accelerate diagnostics, but also variants’ emergence/progression surveillance. This proof of concept study accomplishes both at once, population-scale diagnostics and variants' tracking. This strategy relies on (1) the use of the portable MinION DNA sequencer; (2) a DNA barcoding and a SPIKE gene-centered variant’s tracking, increasing the number of candidates per assay; and (3) a real-time diagnostics and variant’s tracking monitoring thanks to our software RETIVAD. This strategy represents an optimal solution for addressing the current needs on SARS-CoV-2 progression surveillance, notably due to its affordable implementation, allowing its implantation even in remote places over the world.

scholarly journals High-throughput quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a single-dilution homogeneous assay

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus H. Kainulainen ◽  
Eric Bergeron ◽  
Payel Chatterjee ◽  
Asheley P. Chapman ◽  
Joo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
The World ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Qualitative Assay ◽  
Homogeneous Assay ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and has since spread around the world, causing a pandemic of the respiratory disease COVID-19. Detecting antibodies against the virus is an essential tool for tracking infections and developing vaccines. Such tests, primarily utilizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) principle, can be either qualitative (reporting positive/negative results) or quantitative (reporting a value representing the quantity of specific antibodies). Quantitation is vital for determining stability or decline of antibody titers in convalescence, efficacy of different vaccination regimens, and detection of asymptomatic infections. Quantitation typically requires two-step ELISA testing, in which samples are first screened in a qualitative assay and positive samples are subsequently analyzed as a dilution series. To overcome the throughput limitations of this approach, we developed a simpler and faster system that is highly automatable and achieves quantitation in a single-dilution screening format with sensitivity and specificity comparable to those of ELISA.

scholarly journals The Korowai Framework: Assessing GE through the Values the ART Confederation Associates with Ngarara

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mahina-a-rangi Baker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The World

<p>The aim of this thesis is to assess genetic engineering (GE) through the values that the Confederation of Te Ati Awa, Ngati Raukawa ki te tonga and Ngati Toarangatira (the ART Confederation) associates with ngarara. The Korowai Framework was developed to conduct this assessment. Interviews were conducted with 14 participants from across the ART Confederation on the values they associate with ngarara and their interpretations of GE. The values associated with ngarara that were identified in the interviews, were used constitute the kaupapa of the Korowai Framework. The key values identified are: mauri, whakapapa, tohu, tapu, and kaitiakitanga. It emerged from the interviews that ngarara appeal to us to be conscious of our intricately bound connection to and dependency on living systems. The assessment through the Korowai Framework found that the outcomes of GE do not uphold the values associated with ngarara. Participants articulated significant concerns that GE confounds the ART Confederation's control over their relationship with the world around them. This thesis has demonstrated that the Korowai Framework can be used as a tool for the Confederation to get to the decision making table with a comprehensive evidence based understanding of the people's position on GE from which they can negotiate. It demonstrates that robust and legitimate assessment of GE can be conducted using theories, methodologies, kaupapa, tikanga, and frameworks that are specific to the ART Confederation.</p>

scholarly journals Controversial topics in agroecology: A European perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-173
Author(s):  
Paola Migliorini ◽  
Paolo Bàrberi ◽  
Stéphane Bellon ◽  
Tommaso Gaifami ◽  
Vassilis D. Gkisakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Points Of View

Seven potential controversial topics in agroecology are presented and discussed from a European perspective comparing the position of Agroecology Europe (AEEU) obtained from an iterative, participatory approach with members and compared with published literature, including views from other parts of the world. The seven controversial topics as follows: i) use of agrochemicals; ii) small-scale and peasant farming versus larger farms; iii) technological innovations in agriculture and precision farming; iv) biotechnology and genetic engineering in agriculture; v) local and short food circuits; vi) social justice; vii) gender perspective. The analysis shows that there are diverse points of view related to geographical area and sociopolitical contexts. However, there are several convergences in the ambition to redesign farming and food systems, as a lever acting on several topics, and in considering agroecology with a holistic, participatory, multiactor approach for the needed transition.

scholarly journals Molecular beacons allow specific RT-LAMP detection of B.1.1.7 variant SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Sherrill-Mix ◽  
Gregory D. Van Duyne ◽  
Frederic D. Bushman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Molecular Beacons ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Current Detection

AbstractOver the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, several SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants of concern have appeared and spread throughout the world. Detection and identification of these variants is important to understanding and controlling their rapid spread. Current detection methods for a particularly concerning variant, B.1.1.7, require expensive qPCR machines and depend on the absence of a signal rather than a positive indicator of variant presence. Here we report an assay using a pair of molecular beacons paired with reverse transcription loop mediated amplification to allow isothermal amplification from saliva to specifically detect B.1.1.7 and other variants which contain a characteristic deletion in the gene encoding the viral spike protein. This assay is specific, affordable and allows multiplexing with other SARS-CoV-2 LAMP primer sets.

scholarly journals Exposure of Domestic Cats to Distinct Ehrlichia canis TRP Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ísis Assis Braga ◽  
Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques ◽  
Estefânia Crivelatti Grontoski ◽  
Ingrid Savino de Oliveira Dias ◽  
Nathalia Assis Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Test ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
First Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Fluorescence Antibody ◽  
Indirect Fluorescence Antibody

Cats naturally exposed to Ehrlichia canis have been described in different regions of the world, but little is known about the genotypes associated with infection in these animals. To detect E. canis-specific antibodies and investigate the E. canis TRP genotypes in cats, serum samples from 76 domestic cats reactive to crude E. canis antigens by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were analyzed by ELISA, using E. canis-specific peptides (i.e., TRP19 and TRP36 /BR/US/CR). Of these, 25 (32.9%) cats reacted to at least one TRP peptide, confirming their specific exposure to E. canis. Eighteen (23.7%) cats reacted to TRP19, 15 (19.8%) to BRTRP36, and 11 (14.5%) to USTRP36, but none of them reacted to CRTRP36. Eight (10.5%) cats reacted to TRP19 but not to any TRP36 genotype, demonstrating the possible existence of a new E. canis genotype infecting felines. Nevertheless, this study provides the first report of anti-E. canis-specific antibodies in domestic cats.

scholarly journals Abiotic Stresses: Alteration of Composition and Grain Quality in Food Legumes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2238
Author(s):  
Sumi Sarkar ◽  
Marium Khatun ◽  
Farzana Mustafa Era ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
Md. Parvez Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Grain Composition ◽  
Food Legumes ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
The Impact

Abiotic stresses varyingly affect the grain composition and quality of food legumes. This paper is aimed at discussing the impact of abiotic stresses on the grain composition and quality of food legumes. As protein is the main grain constituent of food legumes for which it is being consumed by humans as a cheap protein source, abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, drought, salinity and heavy metals alter this grain protein content in different dimensions for different food legumes. Moreover, other valuable constituents such as starch, soluble sugar, oil, fatty acid and fiber content are affected differently by the abiotic stresses. The diverse impact of these abiotic stresses ultimately declines the grain quality and yield of food legumes. As food legumes play a vital role in the nutritional diet of millions of people in the world and are occasionally denoted as the meat of poor people, it is important to recognize that the sustainable production of food legumes, even under various environmental stresses, has the potential to ensure protein security for people globally. Therefore, it has become a necessity to improve the productivity and quality of food legumes under abiotic stresses through proper crop management and improved breeding strategies, thus enhancing food and economic security to the farmers, particularly in the developing countries of the world.

Bacteriophages: A Possible Choice for Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Abbaszadeh ◽  
Narges Eslami ◽  
Parisa Shiri Aghbash ◽  
Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo ◽  
Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
The World ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Display Technique ◽  
Viral Respiratory

: Viral respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and mortality in all age groups worldwide. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world, igniting the twenty-first century’s deadliest pandemic. Research has shown that phages, which are bacterial viruses, can help treat viral infections with the effect on the immune system and their antiviral activity. Phages have specific activity and affect only the target without any side effects on other parts of the human body. Human phage-related diseases have not been reported yet; therefore, phages can be a very safe treatment, especially in many viral infections. The results of clinical studies have a promising future regarding the use of phages. It is possible that the phages display technique aided in the production of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies against its viral protein, which prevented the virus from binding or replicating and preventing secondary microbial infections, which have been linked to many patient deaths. Furthermore, an effective antiviral vaccine can be produced by using the same technique. Given the growing number of coronaviruses cases around the world, in the present paper, we review the possible mechanisms of phages against the COVID-19 disease and the method that may be a solution to eliminate the virus.

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