scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY TO THE BIODEGRADATION OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN SOILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3A) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Tran Thanh Chi ◽  
Nguyen Hai Yen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Mineralization Rate ◽  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Contaminant Degradation ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Water Contents

This work focused on monitoring CO2production, microbial growth and residual hydrocarbon concentration during bioremediation experiments performed on laboratory soil microcosms. A natural soil was artificially contaminated with hexadecane and adjusted with inorganic nutrients to stimulate biodegradation. Microbial growth, CO2production and residual hexadecane were periodically monitored at different soil water contents ranging from 0.15 to 0.25 g water g_1 of dry soil and at different temperatures ranging from 20 to 25oC. Results showed that the humidity has a greater effect on microbial activity and contaminant degradation than the temperature. The study established the experimental regression equation of temperature and humidity to the hexadecane mineralization rate, an important parameter in assessing the ability to convert organic carbon into inorganic carbon. The difference between the results of the hexadecane mineralization rate obtained from the experiment and calculated from the regression equation is not too high, from 2% to 20%.

Smart Estimation Ver-H.1.0

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigit Haryadi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Weight Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Value ◽  
The Difference

We cannot be sure exactly what will happen, we can only estimate by using a particular method, where each method must have the formula to create a regression equation and a formula to calculate the confidence level of the estimated value. This paper conveys a method of estimating the future values, in which the formula for creating a regression equation is based on the assumption that the future value will depend on the difference of the past values divided by a weight factor which corresponding to the time span to the present, and the formula for calculating the level of confidence is to use "the Haryadi Index". The advantage of this method is to remain accurate regardless of the sample size and may ignore the past value that is considered irrelevant.

scholarly journals The Respiration of some Planktonic copepods II. The Effect Of Temperature

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gauld ◽  
J. E. G. Raymont
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Planktonic Copepods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The respiratory rates of three species of planktonic copepods, Acartia clausi, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, were measured at four different temperatures.The relationship between respiratory rate and temperature was found to be similar to that previously found for Calanus, although the slope of the curves differed in the different species.The observations on Centropages at 13 and 170 C. can be divided into two groups and it is suggested that the differences are due to the use of copepods from two different generations.The relationship between the respiratory rates and lengths of Acartia and Centropages agreed very well with that previously found for other species. That for Temora was rather different: the difference is probably due to the distinct difference in the shape of the body of Temora from those of the other species.The application of these measurements to estimates of the food requirements of the copepods is discussed.

scholarly journals Calcium Biogeochemical Cycle in a Typical Karst Forest: Evidence from Calcium Isotope Compositions

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Guilin Han ◽  
Anton Eisenhauer ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Man Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Calcium Isotope ◽  
Karst Forest ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Preferential Uptake ◽  
Vital Factor

In order to better constrain calcium cycling in natural soil and in soil used for agriculture, we present the δ44/40Ca values measured in rainwater, groundwater, plants, soil, and bedrock samples from a representative karst forest in SW China. The δ44/40Ca values are found to differ by ≈3.0‰ in the karst forest ecosystem. The Ca isotope compositions and Ca contents of groundwater, rainwater, and bedrock suggest that the Ca of groundwater primarily originates from rainwater and bedrock. The δ44/40Ca values of plants are lower than that of soils, indicating the preferential uptake of light Ca isotopes by plants. The distribution of δ44/40Ca values in the soil profiles (increasing with soil depth) suggests that the recycling of crop-litter abundant with lighter Ca isotope has potential effects on soil Ca isotope composition. The soil Mg/Ca content ratio probably reflects the preferential plant uptake of Ca over Mg and the difference in soil maturity. Light Ca isotopes are more abundant in mature soils than nutrient-depleted soils. The relative abundance in the light Ca isotope (40Ca) is in the following order: farmland > burnt grassland > forests > grassland > shrubland. Our results further indicate that biological fractionation in a soil–plant system is a vital factor for Ca–geochemical transformations in soil surface systems.

Synthesis of Polyurethane Dendrimers and Transfer Properties of Dye

2013 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Jing Ru Jia
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Addition Polymerization ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Transfer Properties

The polyfunctional organic compounds 2- hydroxymethyl -1,4- butanediol (trihydric alcohol) and toluene diisocyanate -2, 4- diisocyanate (TDI) were taken as the raw materials in this study. A polyurethane dendrimer was synthesized by utilizing the difference in the reaction activity of two isocyanate groups of TDI at different temperatures. The polymerization process conditions were studied. The addition polymerization of para-position NCO groups occurred at 50 °C, and that of ortho NCO groups occurred at 90 °C. According to the structure of the dendrimer synthesized, methyl orange was used as the guest molecule. Consequently, the aqueous methyl orange showed a phase transfer. With the increase of dendrimer concentration, the transfer rate of methyl orange increased.

scholarly journals Effect of Humidity-Controlled Dehydration on Microbial Growth and Quality Characteristics of Fresh Wet Noodles

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Xing ◽  
Dong-Hui Jiang ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Xiao-Na Guo ◽  
Ke-Xue Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Different Temperatures

Humidity-controlled dehydration (HCD) was innovatively applied in this paper to control the growth of microorganisms in fresh wet noodles (FWN). Effects of HCD treatment with different temperatures (40, 60 or 80 °C), relative humidity (RH, 50%, 70% or 90%) and treatment time (5–32 min) on the total plate count (TPC), the shelf-life, and qualities of FWN were investigated. The results showed that HCD reduced the initial microbial load on the fresh noodles and extended the shelf-life up to 14–15 days under refrigeration temperature (10 °C). A 1.39 log10 CFU/g reduction for the initial TPC was achieved after HCD treatment at the temperature of 60 °C and RH of 90%. HCD with higher RH had a more positive influence on quality improvement. The L* values, the apparent stickiness, and the cooking properties of the noodle body were improved by HCD while good sensory and texture quality of noodles were still maintained after the dehydration process.

scholarly journals V. Electrolytic conduction in solids.—First example. hot glass

1875 ◽  
Vol 23 (156-163) ◽  
pp. 463-464 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Voltaic Cell

Many years ago I projected an experiment to test the voltaic relations between different metals with glass substituted for the electrolytic liquid of an ordinary simple voltaic cell, and with so high a temperature that the glass would have conducting-power sufficient to allow induction through it to rule the difference of potentials between the two metals. Imperfect instrumental arrangements, and want of knowledge of the temperature at which glass would have sufficient conductivity to give satisfactory results, have hitherto prevented me from carrying out the proposed investigation. The quadrant electrometer has supplied the first of these deficiencies, and Mr. Perry’s recent experiments on the conductivity of glass at different temperatures the second. The investigation has now been resumed; and in a preliminary experiment I have already obtained a very decided result.

scholarly journals Influence of different method and different storage life on moisture and senzorial evaluation of durable salamis

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Hana Šulcerová ◽  
Jiří Štencl ◽  
A. Šulcová
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Difference ◽  
Cut Surface ◽  
Sausage Casing ◽  
General Appearance

Heat-treated salamis “Vysočina“ were produced with standard way in a meat factory; their diameter was 55 mm. Samples were stored under laboratory conditions at different temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C and sensory analysed every week during one month storage. The dry matter (d.m.) was measured, too. Descriptors of general appearance, sausage casing, texture, cut surface, dry edge, smell, taste, and salty were monitored. Biggest changes were in descriptors general appearance and sausage casing (P < 0.001) and also in dry edge (P < 0.010) during the month period. Germs of moulds were found only at 5 and 10 °C. Rapid increase of d.m. in samples was noticeable in the first week of the storage time. It was 3 % d.m. at 5 °C and 11 % d.m. at 25 °C. Increase of d.m. of salamis continues slowly in the next three weeks period; the total difference was about 10 % d.m. in the temperature range measured. Decrease of d.m. at 5 °C was noticed in the last week of the measurement. The difference was 3.5 % d.m. This change means that the equilibrium moisture content of the samples of salamis has been reached at the temperature 5 °C. The best sensorial quality of salamis “Vysočina” was in the storage temperature ranged from 15 to 20 °C.

scholarly journals Research on China's Population Structure in the New Situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingxuan Cui ◽  
Mengshuai Yin ◽  
Zerong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Dynamic Perspective ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

To analyze the impact of the “two-child policy” on the population size and structure, first of all, the birth rate, the ratio of men and women, and the ratio of urban and rural population are used as indicators. Before and after the dispersion, then establish a PDE model, and compare it with the population predicted by the gray forecast to analyze the mitigation of the ageing of the second child policy; continue to analyze the impact of changes in the population structure on the national economy, and select the male and female ratio and the labor population The urban-rural population ratio is used as an index to establish a multiple regression equation for analysis, and a related regression equation is obtained. Finally, the future marriage problem is analyzed, considering only the difference in the number of men and women entering the marriageable period at the same time. The difference in the number of marriageable populations is analyzed through the difference in the number of men and women born at birth, focusing on a dynamic perspective.

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