scholarly journals ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS FROM SEA CUCUMBER STICHOPUS HORRENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (6A) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Pham Duc Thinh
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Stichopus Horrens

Sea cucumber glycosaminoglycans have been well known as potential anticoagulant and antithrombin agents. In this investigation, glycosaminoglycans were isolated from sea cucumber Stichopus horrens by papain enzymatic digestion. Crude glycosaminoglycans were fractionated and purified by using anion-exchange chromatography on the DEAE-Macro Prep column to give two fractions of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FCS1) and fucan sulfate (FS2). Structural characteristics of F1 and F2 fractions were elucidated using chemical and IR, NMR spectroscopic methods. The results showed that the monosaccharide compositions of FCS1 consist of N-Acetyl-Galactosamine (GlcNAc), D-Glucuronic acid (GlcA) and Fucose (Fuc) residues with different molar ratios, while FS2 content only fucose residues. Sulfate contents of FCS1 and FS2 were 47.4% and 48.1%, respectively. FCS1 and FS2 fractions were different in the pattern of sulfation of  N-Acetyl-Galactosamine and fucose residues. IR and NMR spectra of two frations showed that sulfate groups were primarily occupied at C4 of pyranose residues in FS2 and C6, C2 and/or C3 of pyranose residues in FCS1 fraction. Our results contributed to knowledge on structural types of glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumbers in Vietnam. The establishment of structural features plays an important role in further studies of the structure-bioactivity relationship of sea cucumber glycosaminoglycan.

scholarly journals Cell-wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins of parenchymatous tissues of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus)

1990 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ryden ◽  
R R Selvendran
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Runner Bean ◽  
Cellulose Residue

1. Polymers were solubilized from the cell walls of parenchyma from mature runner-bean pods with minimum degradation by successive extractions with cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine-NNN′N′-tetra-acetate (CDTA), Na2CO3 and KOH to leave the alpha-cellulose residue, which contained cross-linked pectic polysaccharides and Hyp-rich glycoproteins. These were solubilized with chlorite/acetic acid and cellulase. The polymers were fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography, and fractions were subjected to methylation analysis. 2. The pectic polysaccharides differed in their ease of extraction, and a small proportion were highly cross-linked. The bulk of the pectic polysaccharides solubilized by CDTA and Na2CO3 were less branched than those solubilized by KOH. There was good evidence that most of the pectic polysaccharides were not degraded during extraction. 3. The protein-containing fractions included Hyp-rich and Hyp-poor glycoproteins associated with easily extractable pectic polysaccharides, Hyp-rich glycoproteins solubilized with 4M-KOH+borate, the bulk of which were not associated with pectic polysaccharides, and highly cross-linked Hyp-rich glycoproteins. 4. Isodityrosine was not detected, suggesting that it does not have a (major) cross-linking role in these walls. Instead, it is suggested that phenolics, presumably linked to C-5 of 3,5-linked Araf residues of Hyp-rich glycoproteins, serve to cross-link some of the polymers. 5. There were two main types of xyloglucan, with different degrees of branching. The bulk of the less branched xyloglucans were solubilized by more-concentrated alkali. The anomeric configurations of the sugars in one of the highly branched xyloglucans were determined by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. 6. The structural features of the cell-wall polymers and complexes are discussed in relation to the structure of the cell walls of parenchyma tissues.

Study on Wood Carbon Sequestration Based on Micro-Characteristics of Wood

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1693-1696
Author(s):  
Ming Hui Guo ◽  
Xin Guan ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Trees are complicated and important organisms in forest ecosystem. They are both carbon stocks and carbon source. In order to give full play to the role of wood carbon sequestration, this paper discussed the relationship of wood structural features and wood carbon sequestration at micro-level. It shows that wood carbon sequestration can be synthetically reflected by vessel, tracheid/xylon, wood rays, intercellular canal, xylem parenchyma and so on. The rate of cell wall and wood carbon sequestration is the relationship of direct proportional function. Micro-structural characteristics of wood can reflect wood carbon sequestration of forest ecosystems, as well as have a practical guide to enhance carbon storage of wood.

scholarly journals Aroma Profile of Star Anise and the Structure-odor Relationship of Anethole

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Hasegawa ◽  
Haruna Seimiya ◽  
Takashi Fujihara ◽  
Noriko Fujiwara ◽  
Hideo Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Methoxy Group ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Aroma Profile ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Methyl Benzene

Star anise is an important fragrance material that has a characteristic anise-like odor. Although the main component of star anise is ( E)-anethole, which accounts for over 90% of the constituents, the odor of ( E)-anethole is different from that of the material itself. Here, we examined the aroma profile of star anise. GC-MS analysis of star anise extracts showed that it contains many compounds with structures similar to ( E)-anethole. Our results indicate that ( E)-anethole is the key compound in the odor of star anise, but structurally similar compounds play an important role in creating its odor. We examined the structure-odor relationship of ( E)-anethole, focusing on the methoxy and 1-propenyl substituents. Altering the 1-propenyl group changed the odors of all the anethole derivatives. Replacing the methoxy group with a hydrogen atom created compounds with similar fatty odors. This shows that the methoxy group is important for the characteristic odor of anethole. We synthesized anethole derivatives where the methoxy group was replaced with a methyl group. In both methoxy- and methyl-substituted anethole derivatives, altering the 1-propenyl group changed the odors of the derivatives. Therefore, the methoxy and methyl benzene moieties are important structural features for the odor of star anise. The structural characteristics of anethole are closely related to its odor expression.

Salivary N-glycosylation as a biomarker of oral cancer: A pilot study

Glycobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 726-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Sinevici ◽  
Stefan Mittermayr ◽  
Gavin P Davey ◽  
Jonathan Bones ◽  
Jeff O’Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Carcinogenic Process

Abstract Reliable biomarkers for oral cancer (OC) remain scarce, and routine tests for the detection of precancerous lesions are not routine in the clinical setting. This study addresses a current unmet need for more sensitive and quantitative tools for the management of OC. Whole saliva was used to identify and characterize the nature of glycans present in saliva and determine their potential as OC biomarkers. Proteins obtained from whole saliva were subjected to PNGase F enzymatic digestion. The resulting N-glycans were analyzed with weak anion exchange chromatography, exoglycosidase digestions coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and/or mass spectrometry. To determine N-glycan changes, 23 individuals with or without cancerous oral lesions were analyzed using Hydrophilic interaction ultra performance liquid chromatography (HILIC–UPLC), and peak-based area relative quantitation was performed. An abundant and complex salivary N-glycomic profile was identified. The main structures present in saliva were neutral oligosaccharides consisting of high mannose, hybrid and complex structures, followed by smaller fractions of mono and di-sialylated structures. To determine if differential N-glycosylation patterns distinguish between OC and control groups, Mann–Whitney testing and principle component analysis (PCA) were used. Eleven peaks were shown to be statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05), while PCA analysis showed segregation of the two groups based on their glycan profile. N-glycosylation changes are active in the oral carcinogenic process and may serve as biomarkers for early detection to reduce morbidity and mortality. Identifying which N-glycans contribute most in the carcinogenic process may lead to their use in the detection, prognosis and treatment of OC.

scholarly journals Equiprobable Symbolization Pattern Entropy for Time Series Complexity Measurement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuyi Wang ◽  
Leo Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Complex Signals ◽  
Complexity Measurement ◽  
Conversion Frequency ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract In order to more effectively mine the structural features in time series, while simplifying the complexity of time series analysis, equiprobable symbolization pattern entropy (EPSPE) based on time series symbolization combined with sliding window technology is proposed in this paper. Firstly, time series are implemented symbolic procession according to the equal probability distribution of the original data, which greatly simplifies the difficulty of analyzing the signal on the premise of small loss of precision to the original signal. Then, sliding window technique is used to obtain a finite number of different symbolic patterns, and the pattern pairs are determined by calculating the conversion between the symbolic patterns. Next, the conversion frequency between symbolized patterns is counted to calculate the probability of the pattern pairs, thus estimating the complexity measurement of complex signals. The results of test using the Logistic system with different parameters show that compared with multiscale sample entropy(MSE), EPSPE can more concisely and intuitively reflect the structural characteristics of time series. Finally, EPSPE is used to investigate the natural wind field signals collected at an outdoor space in which nine high precision two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonic anemometers are deployed in line with 1m interval. The values of EPSPE show consistent increase or decrease trend with the spatial regular arrangement of the nine anemometers. While the results of MSE are irregular, and cannot accurately predict the spatial deployment relationship of nine 2D ultrasonic anemometers.

scholarly journals Saccharide Analysis of Onion Outer Epidermal Walls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza A. Wilson ◽  
Fabien Deligey ◽  
Tuo Wang ◽  
Daniel J. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Acidic Methanolysis

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal cell walls have special structural and biological roles in the life of the plant. Typically they are multi-ply structures encrusted with waxes and cutin which protect the plant from dehydration and pathogen attack. These characteristics may also reduce chemical and enzymatic deconstruction of the wall for sugar analysis and conversion to biofuels. We have assessed the saccharide composition of the outer epidermal wall of onion scales with different analytical methods. This wall is a particularly useful model for cell wall imaging and mechanics.ResultsEpidermal walls were depolymerized by acidic methanolysis combined with 2 M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis and the resultant sugars were analyzed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Total sugar yields based on wall dry weight were low (53%). Removal of waxes with chloroform increased the sugar yields to 73% and enzymatic digestion did not improve these yields. Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of per-O-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the sugar methyl glycosides produced by acidic methanolysis gave a high yield for galacturonic acid (GalA) but glucose (Glc) was severely reduced. In a complementary fashion, GC/MS analysis of methyl alditols produced by permethylation gave substantial yields for glucose and other neutral sugars, but GalA was severely reduced. Analysis of the walls by 13C solid-state NMR confirmed and extended these results and revealed 15% lipid content after chloroform extraction (potentially cutin and unextractable waxes).ConclusionsAlthough exact values vary with the analytical method, our best estimate is that polysaccharide in the outer epidermal wall of onion scales is comprised of homogalacturonan (~50%), cellulose (~20%), galactan (~10%), xyloglucan (~10%) and smaller amounts of other polysaccharides. Low yields of specific monosaccharides by some methods may be exaggerated in epidermal walls impregnated with waxes and cutin and call for cautious interpretation of the results.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization and Heparanase Inhibitory Activity of Fucosylated Glycosaminoglycan from Holothuria floridana

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Xiang Shi ◽  
Ruowei Guan ◽  
Lutan Zhou ◽  
Zhichuang Zuo ◽  
Xuelin Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Terminal Structure ◽  
Holothuria Floridana

Unique fucosylated glycosaminoglycans (FG) have attracted increasing attention for various bioactivities. However, the precise structures of FGs usually vary in a species-specific manner. In this study, HfFG was isolated from Holothuria floridana and purified by anion exchange chromatography with the yield of ~0.9%. HfFG was composed of GlcA, GalNAc and Fuc, its molecular weight was 47.3 kDa, and the -OSO3−/-COO− molar ratio was 3.756. HfFG was depolymerized by a partial deacetylation–deaminative cleavage method to obtain the low-molecular-weight HfFG (dHfFG). Three oligosaccharide fragments (Fr-1, Fr-2, Fr-3) with different molecular weights were isolated from the dHfFG, and their structures were revealed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. HfFG should be composed of repeating trisaccharide units -{(L-FucS-α1,3-)d-GlcA-β1,3-d-GalNAc4S6S-β1,4-}-, in which sulfated fucose (FucS) includes Fuc2S4S, Fuc3S4S and Fuc4S residues linked to O-3 of GlcA in a ratio of 45:35:20. Furthermore, the heparanase inhibitory activities of native HfFG and oligosaccharide fragments (Fr-1, Fr-2, Fr-3) were evaluated. The native HfFG and its oligosaccharides exhibited heparanase inhibitory activities, and the activities increased with the increase of molecular weight. Additionally, structural characteristics such as sulfation patterns, the terminal structure of oligosaccharides and the presence of fucosyl branches may be important factors affecting heparanase inhibiting activity.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Exopolysaccharide from Soybean Whey Fermented by Lacticaseibacillus plantarum 70810

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2780
Author(s):  
Juanjuan Tian ◽  
Qingyan Mao ◽  
Mingsheng Dong ◽  
Xiaomeng Wang ◽  
Xin Rui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Chelating Ability ◽  
Soybean Whey ◽  
Fermentation Substrate

Soybean whey is a high-yield but low-utilization agricultural by-product in China. In this study, soybean whey was used as a substrate of fermentation by Lacticaseibacillus plantarum 70810 strains. An exopolysaccharide (LPEPS-1) was isolated from soybean whey fermentation by L. plantarum 70810 and purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Its preliminary structural characteristics and antioxidant activity were investigated. Results show that LPEPS-1 was composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose with molar ratios of 1.49:1.67:1.00. The chemical structure of LPEPS-1 consisted of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-α-D-Galp-(1→ and →2)-α-D-Manp-(1→. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that LPEPS-1 had a relatively rough surface. In addition, LPPES-1 exhibited strong scavenging activity against DPPH and superoxide radicals and chelating ability on ferrous ion. This study demonstrated that soybean whey was a feasible fermentation substrate for the production of polysaccharide from L. plantarum 70810 and that the polysaccharide could be used as a promising ingredient for health-beneficial functional foods.

scholarly journals Saccharide analysis of onion outer epidermal walls

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza A. Wilson ◽  
Fabien Deligey ◽  
Tuo Wang ◽  
Daniel J. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Neutral Sugars ◽  
Acidic Methanolysis

Abstract Background Epidermal cell walls have special structural and biological roles in the life of the plant. Typically they are multi-ply structures encrusted with waxes and cutin which protect the plant from dehydration and pathogen attack. These characteristics may also reduce chemical and enzymatic deconstruction of the wall for sugar analysis and conversion to biofuels. We have assessed the saccharide composition of the outer epidermal wall of onion scales with different analytical methods. This wall is a particularly useful model for cell wall imaging and mechanics. Results Epidermal walls were depolymerized by acidic methanolysis combined with 2M trifluoracetic acid hydrolysis and the resultant sugars were analyzed by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Total sugar yields based on wall dry weight were low (53%). Removal of waxes with chloroform increased the sugar yields to 73% and enzymatic digestion did not improve these yields. Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of per-O-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives of the sugar methyl glycosides produced by acidic methanolysis gave a high yield for galacturonic acid (GalA) but glucose (Glc) was severely reduced. In a complementary fashion, GC/MS analysis of methyl alditols produced by permethylation gave substantial yields for glucose and other neutral sugars, but GalA was severely reduced. Analysis of the walls by 13C solid-state NMR confirmed and extended these results and revealed 15% lipid content after chloroform extraction (potentially cutin and unextractable waxes). Conclusions Although exact values vary with the analytical method, our best estimate is that polysaccharide in the outer epidermal wall of onion scales is comprised of homogalacturonan (~ 50%), cellulose (~ 20%), galactan (~ 10%), xyloglucan (~ 10%) and smaller amounts of other polysaccharides. Low yields of specific monosaccharides by some methods may be exaggerated in epidermal walls impregnated with waxes and cutin and call for cautious interpretation of the results.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document