scholarly journals Features of the hemicellulose structure of some species of regional raw materials and products of their enzymatic hydrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nikitina ◽  
N. Cherno ◽  
S. Ozolina
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Supramolecular Structure ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Helical Conformation

Nowadays, it is recognized that a lot of polysaccharides are biologically active. It is well known that these biomolecules show the highest level of their activity if they are water-soluble preparations, their molecular weight being 15–25 kDa, and if they preserve the supramolecular structure of carbohydrates. Basing on the fact that β-glucans of mushrooms are characterized by the antitumor, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities, it is important to determine whether regional raw material contains polysaccharides of a similar structure, and to define the conditions for their fragmentation to obtain products with a given molecular weight. The purpose of the work was to characterize the features of the structure of the hemicellulose complex of the Agaricus bisporous and Pleurotus ostreatus and products of their limited enzymatic hydrolysis. To determine the primary structure of hemicellulose polysaccharides, the 1H-NMR spectra of the samples were registered. It has been shown that β-D-(1→3)/β-(1→6)-glucan dominates in the hemicellulose of Pleurotus ostreatus. Among the hemicelluloses in the Agaricus bisporis, the main polysaccharide was galactoglucan. Its main chain consisted of β-D-glucopyranose residues interconnected with (1→3)-glucosidic bonds. The positions of O-6 monosaccharide are joined by the side branches in the form of β-D-glucopyranoses and the terminal residues of β-D-galactopyranoses. The hemicelluloses of Pleurotus ostreatus also contain manogalactan. Complexes of hemicelluloses of both types of mushrooms contain linear α-(1→3)-glucan in small quantities. It has been studied how the molecular-weight distribution of products of limited hydrolysis of hemicelluloses depends on the conditions of their treatment with the enzyme with β-(1→3)-glucanase activity. The maximum accumulation of a fraction with a given molecular weight of 15–25 kDa was observed at a ratio of E:S = 1:45 and treatment time of 21 hours. A specific reaction with congo red has proved there is a triple helical conformation of the main chain of the polysaccharide for this fraction of carbohydrates, so the supramolecular structure of the molecule is preserved.  

ANALISA KANDUNGAN BETA-GLUKAN LARUT AIR DAN LARUT ALKALI DARI TUBUH BUAH JAMUR TIRAM (Pleurotus ostreatus) DAN SHIITAKE (Lentinus edodes)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Netty Widyastuti ◽  
Teguh Baruji ◽  
Henky Isnawan ◽  
Priyo Wahyudi ◽  
Donowati Donowati
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
The Difference

Beta glucan is a polysaccharide compound, generally not soluble inwater and resistant to acid. Beta glucan is used as an immunomodulator (enhancing the immune system) in mammals is usually a beta-glucan soluble in water, easily absorbed and has a low molecular weight. Several example of beta-glucan such as cellulose (β-1 ,4-glucan), lentinan (β-1 0.6-glucan) and (β-1 ,3-glucan), pleuran (β-1, 6 and β-1 ,3-glucan) are isolated from species of fungi Basidiomycota include mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and shiitake (Lentinus edodes).The purpose of thisresearch activity is to obtain beta-glucan compound that can be dissolved in water and in alkali derived from fungi Basidiomycota, i.e, Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) and shiitake (Lentinus edodes). The result of beta-glucan compared to characterize the resulting beta glucan that is molecular structure . The difference of beta glucan extraction is based on the differences in solubility of beta-glucan. Beta glucan could be water soluble and insoluble water.

STUDY OF PROTEIN FRACTIONS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE HYDROLYZATES OBTAINED FROM SMOKED SPRAT HEADS

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Olga Mezenova ◽  
Vladimir Wolkov ◽  
Larisa Baydalinova ◽  
Natalia Mezenova ◽  
Svetlana Agafonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Peptide Fractions

The authors study three fractions obtained as a result of hydrolysis of smoked sprat heads (under temperature of 130oC and presser of 0.25 MPa) – fat, protein water-soluble, and protein-and-mineral ones. Waste from sprat production of two fish canning complexes of the Kaliningrad Region - “RosCon” and “Kolkhoz for the Motherland” - was used as raw material. Hydrolysis was carried out in an aqueous medium in two ways - with preliminary separation of fat and without this operation. The protein fraction was sublimated and its quantitative and qualitative indices were examined - mass yield, solubility, chemical composition and molecular fractional composition of the obtained peptide fractions were determined. The output of sublimated protein fractions is practically independent of the type of raw material and the method of pre-treatment and is 6.47.9% of the mass of raw materials. The chemical composition of protein fractions varies widely in terms of fat (1.4–8.3%), minerals (9.8–13.4%) and proteins (72.1–80.2%). The solubility of the peptide fractions ranged from 91-98%. The molecular weight assessment results showed a high content of a low molecular weight fraction of peptides with an MM of less than 10 kDa in all experimental samples (about 38%). This indicates a high digestibility and biological value of the obtained peptide compositions. Sublimated peptide compositions had typical organoleptic characteristics, pleasant aroma and taste of smoked fish. Ключевые

scholarly journals Polysaccharides from Basidiocarps of Cultivating Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus: Isolation and Structural Characterization

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 2740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Baeva ◽  
Roman Bleha ◽  
Ekaterina Lavrova ◽  
Leonid Sushytskyi ◽  
Jana Čopíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Alkaline Extract ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms

Oyster mushrooms are an interesting source of biologically active glucans and other polysaccharides. This work is devoted to the isolation and structural characterization of polysaccharides from basidiocarps of the cultivated oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Five polysaccharidic fractions were obtained by subsequent extraction with cold water, hot water and two subsequent extractions with 1 m sodium hydroxide. Branched partially methoxylated mannogalactan and slightly branched (1→6)-β-d-glucan predominated in cold- and hot-water-soluble fractions, respectively. Alternatively, these polysaccharides were obtained by only hot water extraction and subsequent two-stage chromatographic separation. The alkali-soluble parts originating from the first alkali extraction were then fractionated by dissolution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The polysaccharide insoluble in DMSO was identified as linear (1→3)-α-d-glucan, while branched (1→3)(1→6)-β-d-glucans were found to be soluble in DMSO. The second alkaline extract contained the mentioned branched β-d-glucan together with some proteins. Finally, the alkali insoluble part was a cell wall complex of chitin and β-d-glucans.

scholarly journals New functional copolymers of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole with allylamine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-540
Author(s):  
G. F. Prozorova ◽  
A. I. Emel’yanov ◽  
S. A. Korzhova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Specific Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Radical Initiation ◽  
Free Radical Initiation ◽  
Inorganic Nanocomposites

New water-soluble functional copolymers based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and allylamine were synthesized under the action of free-radical initiation conditions and azobisisobutyric acid dinitrile. Сopolymers of various compositions with a molecular weight of 1287–30204 Da were obtained by varying reaction conditions. The structure, molecular weight and physicochemical properties of the copolymers were determined using elemental analysis, IR and NMR 1H-spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, potentiometric and turbidimetric titration, as well as dynamic light scattering and thermogravimetric analysis. It was established that the obtained copolymers, exhibiting the properties of high-resistance organic semiconductors, are characterized by a specific electrical conductivity of 10-13 – 10-14 S/cm and high resistance to thermal destruction (up to 260–280 °C). These copolymers are promising as stabilizing polymer matrices in the formation of biologically active water-soluble hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites.

scholarly journals State and prospects of modern research in biotechnology of licens as a medicinal raw material

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
E. F. Semyonova ◽  
I. M. Teplitskaya ◽  
M. A. Goncharov ◽  
D. A. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Original Experimental Data

Based on the content analysis of the sources of patent and scientific literature on the biotechnology of lichens as a medicinal raw material, systematized modern information is provided, as well as original experimental data regarding the cultivation of botanical species of lichens of various ecological and geographical groups under controlled conditions. Since ancient times, lichens havebeen used as medicines and are included in the pharmacopoeias of various countries. At present, methodological approaches have been developed for the cultivation of lichens (genera Usnea, Rhinocarpon, Umbilicara ) and their components: phycobiont (genera Nostoc, Chlorella ), mycobiont ( Petrusaria pertiza, Leydea parasema, Alternaria sp.). The main biologically active compounds (usnic acid, lichenin, cetrarin, water-soluble vitamins, calcium oxalate) and the pharmacological effects caused by them (antimicrobial, stimulating appetite, enveloping, anti-inflammatory, anti-burn, regenerating). Biotechnological approaches can be implemented for species cloning, reproduction, creation of a bank of cell cultures of lichens and their components in order to preserve economically valuable producers in an active state and develop technologies for obtaining biomass and pharmacologically valuable biologically active compounds.

scholarly journals Composition of water-insoluble extract from oil palm trunk liquefaction using polyhydric alcohol

BioResources ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 943-953
Author(s):  
Rattana Choowang ◽  
Jian Lin ◽  
Guangjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk ◽  
Polyhydric Alcohols ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Soluble Components

Polyhydric alcohols are known as excellent solvents for converting the main components of lignocellulose into liquefied products. However, the substances that precipitate in water include not only lignin, but also humins, especially when the lignocellulosic raw material has a high content of carbohydrates. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the composition of water-insoluble solids from the liquefaction of oil palm trunk using the solvent polyethylene glycol (PEG)/glycerol (4:1, w/w) and by using sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The results showed that the water-insoluble components had a relatively higher average molecular weight and polydispersity than those of the water-soluble components and liquefied products. The production of sugar monomers during liquefaction led to the condensation of furan products (hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural) to form humins. In this case, the humins were incorporated with the lignin and liquefying reagent.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE METHOD OF QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF CAROTENOIDS IN THE RAW MATERIAL “ROSEHIP FRUIT”

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kurkin ◽  
Ol'ga Vladimirovna Sharova ◽  
Polina Valeriyevna Afanaseva
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Long Time

The fruits of wild rose (Fructus Rosae) have been widely used in both traditional and officinal medicine for the long time. The pharmacological effect of the Rosehip medicine is related to the content of such biologically active compounds as: water-soluble (ascorbic acid) and fat-soluble (carotenoids) vitamins, as well as flavonoids (astragalin, isoquercitrin, tiliroside). Such medicine as Holosas, Carotolin and Rosehip syrup are obtained from the fruits of this plant. In addition, wild rose fruits are part of the various fees from which patients could prepare water infusions at home themselves. Regulatory documentation provides for the analysis of Rosehip raw materials three parameters: the content of ascorbic acid, the total carotenoids and flavonoids. The quantitative content of the total carotenoids in the fruits of the rosehip is regulated for the production of rosehip oil and Carotolin. However, in our opinion, the method of quantitative determination of the total carotenoids, described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation of the XIV edition, is too complicated and contains an unreasonably entered coefficient in the formula, leading to an overestimation of the analysis results in 10 times. We have developed the methodic of quantitative determination of the total carotenoids in Rosehip, that include single extraction of raw materials with hexane at room temperature and periodic mixing in the ratio of «raw material : extract» 1 : 30. Investigated solution there was obtained by diluting the hexane extract in the ratio of 2:25 and measured the optical density at wavelength 450 nm. Adjustments have been made to the formula for the calculating of the total carotenoids relating to the removal of the coefficient 10 unjustifiably entered into the pharmacopoeial methodic. It was determined that the content of the total carotenoids calculated on ß-carotene varied from 10.15 to 74.5 mg%. The metrological characteristics of the methodic indicate that the error of a single determination of the total carotenoids in the rosehip fruits with a 95% confidence level is ± 3.57%. Based on the results of the studies, a new test quality indicators “content of the total carotenoids at least 30 mg%” was substantiated instead of 300 mg%.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF EXPRESS PROCEDURE FOR ISOLATION AND QUANTITATIVE DE-TERMINATION OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM HIGH DEVISIL ROOTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Alekseyevna Dyakova ◽  
Sergey Petrovich Gaponov ◽  
Aleksey Ivanovich Slivkin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ultrasound Frequency ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Sediment Mass ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Active Substances

The aim of the study was to develop and validate an express procedure for the isolation and quantification of water-soluble polysaccharides from high devisyl roots (Ínula helenium L.). In order to accelerate the process of extracting biologically active substances from the roots of high devisil, as well as to increase the yield of water-soluble polysaccharides, it was decided to use an ultrasonic bath. By varying the process parameters, it was possible to select optimal extraction conditions of water-soluble polysaccharides of high-grade roots under ultrasound treatment conditions: raw material grinding 0.5–1.0 mm, temperature – 80 °C, extraction multiplicity – 3, extraction duration – 15 min, ultrasound frequency – 35 kHz, ratio of raw material to extractor 1 g per 15 ml. The proposed technique allows to intensify the process of preparing polysaccharides water-soluble from roots high and to reduce the time spent on it up to 4-5 hours, as well as to increase the yield of the product up to 31.6% in terms of absolutely dry raw materials. The developed method is precise under the conditions of repeatability, correct, stable and has a rather strict linear dependence of the sediment mass on the analysed raw material mass at gravimetric determination of polysaccharides water-soluble in the roots of high devisil. The technique can be used for express analysis of high devasil roots quality, as well as for industrial production of water-soluble polysaccharides from this kind of raw material.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan Polymers Obtained from Nontraditional Polybius henslowii Sources

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Avelelas ◽  
André Horta ◽  
Luís F.V. Pinto ◽  
Sónia Cotrim Marques ◽  
Paulo Marques Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Chitosan Derivatives

Chitin was extracted from Polybius henslowii, a swimming crab, captured in large quantities throughout the Portuguese coast by purse seine vessels as bycatch. After standard chitin extraction procedures, water-soluble chitosan products were obtained via two different methods: (1) N-acetylation with the addition of acetic anhydride and (2) a reaction with hydrogen peroxide. The chemical structure and molecular weight of chitosan derivatives, water-soluble chitosan (WSC) and chitooligosaccharides (COS), were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Antioxidant and metal chelation activities were evaluated, and the growth inhibition capacity was tested on four phytopatogens. The chitooligosaccharides from pereopods (pCOS) and shell body parts (sCOS) inhibited all fungal species tested, particularly Cryphonectria parasitica with 84.7% and 85.5%, respectively. Both radical scavenging and antifungal activities proved to be dose-dependent. Chitooligosaccharides with a low molecular weight (2.7, 7.4, and 10.4 Kg·mol−1) showed the highest activity among all properties tested. These results suggested that chitosan derivatives from P. henslowii raw material could potentially be used against phytopathogens or as ingredient in cosmetics and other products related to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Obtaining and estimating the potential of protein nutraceuticals from highly mineralized collagen-containing beef raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Mezenova ◽  
S. V. Agafonova ◽  
O. Ya. Mezenova ◽  
L. S. Baidalinova ◽  
T. Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

Highly mineralized collagen-containing beef raw materials (tibia, fibula and costal bones) are a source of valuable protein nutraceuticals. They include high molecular weight proteins, oligopeptides and amino acids, which anabolic and physiological potential is used insufficiently. Protein nutraceuticals were obtained by high-temperature hydrolysis of beef raw materials in combination with enzymolysis by proteolytic enzyme preparations Alcalase 2,5 L, Protamex, Protosubtilin G3x. The water-soluble fraction of hydrolysates was studied after its separation and freeze-drying on the content of nitrogenous compounds, fats, minerals, formol-titrated nitrogen, fractional molecular composition. The mathematical dependencies of accumulation of low molecular weight products of protein hydrolysis on enzymolysis duration and doses of different enzyme preparations were obtained. The rational technological scheme of complex processing of beef raw materials with production of protein, fat and mineral-protein additives was proposed. The protein weight fraction in the freeze-dried protein hydrolysates was 69.5–89.6%. All studied protein additives contained peptides with a molecular weight of not more than 100 kDa. The content of low-molecular weight oligopeptides with a molecular weight of less than 10 kDa in the protein additives obtained by enzymatic thermal hydrolysis was more than 90%. The amino acid composition of protein additives produced by different hydrolytic methods was analyzed. Sensory and functional-technological properties of freeze-dried protein compositions were studied. The amino acid potential, high assimilability and physiological activity of protein nutraceuticals from collagen-containing beef raw materials were established. It is recommended to use them in the composition of specialized biologically active additives (BAAs) to food of the osteotropic direction in recipes of specialized and personalized products as a source of amino acids and active peptides.

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