scholarly journals Fertility and Religiosity in Russia: Assessing Interaction

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Eugenia Sigareva ◽  
Svetlana Sivoplyasova
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
Indirect Indicator ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Impact

The present study is devoted to the definition of the role of religion in the formation of reproductive behavior and attitudes of the population of the Russian Federation. Within the study the authors found out that the issue of religiosity of the population and its impact on reproductive behavior are widely discussed both in the scientific community and among the spiritual leaders of various faiths. The significance of the religious factor is greatly exaggerated. In this regard, the authors tried to find objective, statistically significant and comparable parameters to assess the level of religiosity of Russian society and its impact on the reproductive behavior of the population. First of all, the authors assessed dynamics of the number of religious organizations. This is an indirect indicator of the level of spread of different religions in the country. The analysis showed an increase in the number of religious organizations, which may indirectly indicate an increase in the religiosity of the population. In addition, to assess the impact of religiosity on the reproductive behavior of the Russian population, an original approach was used, which is an analysis "from the opposite". On the basis of statistical data on the level of the total fertility rate in the regions of the country, two groups of subjects were formed – with the highest and the lowest levels of this indicator. Further, in the selected regions, the authors made an attempt to assess the level of religiosity. However, the study was conducted not within a group of believers, but a group of atheists. The results of the analysis showed that the level of religiosity of the younger generation of Russians has very little effect on their reproductive attitudes. Moreover, on the basis of indicators of the number of religious organizations in the subjects of Russia, the proportion of persons professing a particular religion in the total population of the regions and the total fertility rate for 2011-2016 were carried out correlation and regression analyses, which confirmed the weak relationship between the level of religiosity and fertility in modern Russia.

scholarly journals Estimation of Fertility due to Contraception in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Bijaya Mani Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

  Fertility has an important role for demographic transition and total fertility rate (TFR) which is one component measurements of fertility. Absences of complete and reliable data, a large number of indirect techniques have been developed to estimate demographic parameters. Some of these techniques are based on stable population theory and others are regression equations between the dependent variables, the TFR and the independent variables, the socio economic as well as demographic variables. The unwanted or unintended pregnancies can be avoided through the use of contraceptives; it becomes very important to estimate the births averted or pregnancies stopped by use of contraception. Though there is increase in the use of contraception, still many couples do not use contraception in spite of the fact that they require to use contraception. To satisfy this unmet need of contraception is one of the policy targets of national population policy for population stabilization. In this study, 12862 married females between 15-49 years of age, whose marital duration is more than 5 years, have been taken to study the distribution on different background characteristics and their behavior. Firstly, a regression study was done to know the impact on contraceptive use and further multivariate study has been carried out to know the effect of background characteristics and behavior on absence of birth five years jointly at different sub division. This method is based on the relationship between the Total fertility rate (TFR) and contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR).By using this modified estimate of TFR, birth averted for different area. The variables are CPR that about 71.4 percent variation in TFR can be explained by the first regression approach. The second is based on the relationship between total fertility rate (TFR) and Additive combination of CPR and proportion of currently married females having open birth interval (NPV) explained about 82percent of the variation in TFR. The findings revealed that the TFR calculated by the present method are quite close to the observed values of the TFR. Estimates of births averted and the percent change in births in the absence of contraception, based on the two methods are fairly consistent.

scholarly journals Fertility rates and the postponement of first births: a descriptive study with Finnish population data

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e026336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Roustaei ◽  
Sari Räisänen ◽  
Mika Gissler ◽  
Seppo Heinonen
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWe described the trend of fertility rates, age-specific fertility rates and associated factors in Finland over a 30-year period.DesignA descriptive population-based register study.SettingFertility data, including age at first birth, childlessness and educational levels were gathered from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and Statistics Finland.ParticipantsAll 1 792 792 live births from 1987 to 2016 in Finland.Main outcome measuresCompleted fertility rate, total fertility rate and age-specific fertility rate.ResultsThe total fertility rate of Finnish women fluctuated substantially from 1987 to 2016. Since 2010, the total fertility rate has gradually declined and reached the lowest during the study period in 2016: 1.57 children per woman. The mean maternal age at first birth rose by 2.5 years from 26.5 years in 1987 to 29 years in 2016. The proportion of childless women at the age of 50 years increased from 13.6% in 1989 to 19.6% in 2016. By considering the impact of postponement and childlessness, the effect on total fertility rates was between −0.01 and −0.12 points. Since 1987, the distribution of birth has declined for women under the age of 29 and increased for women aged 30 or more. However, start of childbearing after the age of 30 years was related to the completed fertility rate of less than two children per woman. The difference in completed fertility rate across educational groups was small.ConclusionsPostponement of first births was followed by decline in completed fertility rate. Increasing rate of childlessness, besides the mean age at first birth, was an important determinant for declined fertility rates, but the relation between women’s educational levels and the completed fertility rate was relatively weak.

scholarly journals Impact of Demographic Variables on Economic Growth in South Asian Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
Sara Nayyab
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

This study find the impact of demographic variables on economic growth in selected South Asian countries; Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka using panel data from 1976 to 2017. Fertility rate and life expectancy are used as demographic variables and GDP is used to indicate the economic growth. Panel unit root tests including Levin-Lin & Chu, Im-Pesaran & Shin, ADF-Fisher χ2, PP-Fisher χ2 are applied to check the stationary of variables. Pedroni and Kao Panel Co-integration are employed to test the co-integration among variables. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) estimators are obtained for long run relationship. Results show that total fertility rate and life expectancy have significant impact on economic growth in these four South Asian countries. For example, one unit increase in total fertility rate depresses the economic growth by 0.106 units. However, economic growth is accelerated by 0.196 units due to one year increase in life expectancy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Net-Migration on Total Fertility Rate in Sub-Sahara African Countries: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Muhammed A. Obomeghie ◽  
Idris Abubakar ◽  
Yerima Isah Abdulrahman
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Series Data ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study is to empirically analyse the impact of netmigration on total fertility rate in Sub-Sahara African countries using data from Nigeria. The rational for the study is under-scored by the need for Sub- Sahara African Countries to have a balanced fertility rate that will enable them to achieve their desired economic growth and development, a situation which their current fertility rate cannot sustain; partly due to the migration activities of its working population. Secondary time series data on targeted variable covering the period from 2000 to 2016 were collected and analysed using econometric packages. Findings show that net-migration impact on total fertility rate positively in Nigeria. It is recommended that government should evolve and maintain a balance migration policy that will help to reduce the current high fertility rate through a cultural re-orientation of Nigeria communities which still places preference on large families.

impact of global constitutionalism on formation of social concepts in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 330-342
Author(s):  
Vitaly Viktorovich Goncharov ◽  
Marina R Zheltukhina ◽  
Irina G. Anikeeva
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Constitutionalism ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This article is devoted to a conceptual analysis of the impact of global constitutionalism as the dominant interpretation of the definition of social reality on the formation and development of social concepts in the Russian Federation. The object of research is the phenomenon of globalization on the socio-political, state-legal and financial-economic development of national societies and states highlighted in the social concept of global constitutionalism. The diversity of social concepts in Russia, although generally consistent with the Western interpretations of social reality, has a number of legal, ideological, political peculiarities. The formation of social concepts in Russia is greatly influenced by the Western dominant interpretation of social reality - global constitutionalism. And the attitude to the globalization of the socio-political, state-legal and financial-economic life of Russian society and the state is one of the signs by which it is possible to classify both modern Russian social concepts and political parties, movements, religious and public organizations at the federal, regional and local level.

scholarly journals Religious Factor in the Implementation of the UN New Urban Agenda

2020 ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Elena Miroshnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Strong Concentration ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Modern City ◽  
The World ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
New Urban Agenda

The article discusses the importance of taking into account the religious factor in the implementation of sustainable development plans for modern cities based on the analysis of the UN integrated program New Urban Agenda. Urbanization is one of the challenges that is significantly changing the geopolitical and religious landscape. The multi-million-strong concentration of people with different worldviews and cultural traditions in a megalopolis creates a lot of technological and humanitarian problems not only for a particular country, but for the world as a whole. In this regard, the role of large cities as global policy actors is increasing. The UN developed a comprehensive program New Urban Agenda (2016), which is aimed at the sustainable development of the modern city. This program ignores the role of the religious factor in solving socio-economic and humanitarian problems caused by growing urbanization. Despite the crisis state of some religions in various parts of the world, the number of people who engage in religious activities is growing, and today there are 84 per cent of such people. The social activities of various religious organizations are respected, and they make a significant contribution to the sustainable development of the modern city. The role of religious organizations at the local level is particularly significant. It is necessary to mention the ambivalent role of religion, namely, the manifestations of its disintegrating function: intolerance of other beliefs, refusal to observe the secular norms of the community, extremist appeals and terrorist acts under religious slogans. Addressing the issue of the public role of religion and the use and interpretation of religious symbols is one of the problems of sustainable urban development. The idea of just and peaceful coexistence in a modern city cannot be realized without a constructive dialogue between state, public and religious organizations. Of particular interest is the Rabat Plan (2017) by religious organizations to promote the implementation of the New Urban Agenda. Religious organizations can make a constructive contribution to economic progress not only by making substantial financial contributions, but also by demonstrating the practical implementation of the moral values of mutual understanding and respect.

scholarly journals Religion in the Social and Political Life of Modern Russia: a Review of the Monography “Religion in Modern Russia: Contexts and Discussions”

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-677
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Amelin ◽  
Arusyak Levonovna Hovhannisyan
Keyword(s):  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship

The review reveals the main topics described in the monograph "Religion in modern Russia: contexts and discussions", published in 2019. The review examines the role of religion in the modern social and political life of Russia, the development of relations between the religious organizations and Russian state and society, the special features of the inter-religious dialogue in Russia, as well as the theoretical framework for studying the relationship between religion and the public sphere in the modern world. Modern political science pays mounting attention to the socio-cultural dimension and cultural and civilizational aspects of politics, overcoming the paradigm of modernity and the idea of linearity of political processes. Religion begins to act as one of the most important factors influencing the sphere of politics. In the current situation, when political processes are inherently post-secular, while the methods of describing them are still secular, it becomes necessary to develop new theoretical and methodological tools for studying the relationship between religion and politics. The review touches upon a possible theoretical framework for describing the role of religion in contemporary politics. The authors also pay attention to the role of religion in the formation of group identity, the socially significant functions of religious organizations, the role of religion in transmitting the most important values to wide sections of society. The review pays special attention to the problems of interreligious relations, as well as the relationship between religion and politics in Russia, emphasizes the important role of religion in resolving a number of problems in Russian society, where, in the context of the historically established coexistence of various religions and confessions, building interreligious and interconfessional dialogue is particularly important.

Changes in maximum parental leave payment in Iceland and total fertility rates

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110290
Author(s):  
Kristjana Einarsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Background: Following the 2008 financial crisis, the Icelandic Government reduced the maximum parental payment until 2016, when it was increased again. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the changes in the maximum parental leave payment in Iceland during 2009 and 2016 on total fertility rates and birth rates during 2002–2019. Methods: Publicly available aggregated data on yearly total fertility rates, birth rates, unemployment rates, gross domestic product (GDP) and maximum parental leave payments were obtained for 2002–2019. Segmented regression analyses were used to measure the impact of changes in parental leave payment on term births for the two periods in which changes were implemented (2008–2010 and 2016–2017). Results: The decrease in maximum parental leave payment during 2008–2010 was associated with a 15% decrease in the estimated total fertility rate compared with the expected rate (−15.7%; 95% CI −22.7 to −8.7), whereas the increased payments during 2016–2017 indicated a possible 3% increase in the estimated total fertility rate (3.2%; 95% CI −29.1 to 35.5). Neither adjustment for the unemployment rate nor the GDP appeared to affect these results. The overall birth rate followed a similar trend and was most pronounced for women aged 25–34 years. Conclusions: These results suggest that total fertility rates in Iceland may have been affected by changes in the maximum parental leave payment that occurred in 2009 and 2016, although the effect of the 2008 financial crisis cannot be excluded despite adjustment for the unemployment rate and GDP.

scholarly journals Effects of living in the same region as one’s workplace on the total fertility rate of working women in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Yong Kim ◽  
Hee-Jin Kang ◽  
Seongjun Ha ◽  
Jong Heon Park
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Information Database ◽  
Insurance Contribution

OBJECTIVES: The lowest-low fertility status of Korea has continued for the past 17 years despite governmental efforts to encourage childbirth. As the number of working women has increased, their residence patterns have changed; however, the impact of this factor has yet to be explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of residence patterns relative to the workplace on the total fertility rate of working women.METHODS: Information on eligibility and healthcare utilization was obtained from the National Health Information Database between 2011 and 2015. The study participants were working women aged 15-49 years. We classified their residence relative to their workplace into 3 patterns: same municipality, same province, and different province. The total fertility rate was calculated and logistic regression was performed of childbirth according to residence pattern, adjusting for age, insurance contribution quartile, size of the workplace, year of birth, and province of residence.RESULTS: The total fertility rates of working women from 2011 to 2015 were 1.091, 1.139, 1.048, 1.073, and 1.103, respectively. The total fertility rate by residence pattern was highest in women residing in the same municipality as their workplace. After adjustment, the odds of childbirth in women from the same municipality and the same province were 21.6% and 16.0% higher than those of women residing in a different province, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: The total fertility rate was higher among women living near their workplace. Therefore, effective policy measures should be taken to promote the proximity of working women’s workplace and residence.

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